人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit3 Sea exploration Learning about language 课件（共26张）

(共26张PPT)
UNIT 3
SEA EXPLORATION
Period 2 Learning About Language
To review infinitives and do some exercises.
Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.
1 As the subject (S) 主语
2 As the predicative (P) 表语
3 As the object (O) 宾语
4 As the object complement (OC) 宾补
5 As the attributive (Attr) 定语
6 As the adverbial (Ad) 状语
Suggested Answers:
To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion
for ...
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.
Here, merchants from China and many other places met
to negotiate trade deals ...
These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
(S)
(OC)
(Ad)
(Attr)
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and ...
Trading has grown greatly ..., and will continue to do so in years to come.
... which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
... there are still many other places left to explore.
(P)
(Attr)
(O)
(O; Attr)
(S)
... China has joined other nations on several expeditions
to explore the Arctic.
... there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order
to understand climate change and its effects.
... the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
(Attr; Ad)
(Attr)
(Attr; Attr; OC)
动词不定式 主动 被动 用法
一般式 to do to be done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作
进行式 to be doing / 表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成进行式 to have been doing / 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作
不定式的构成与形式
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。
e.g. To say is one thing; to do is another.
He wants to know his mother’s secret.
My dream is to write a book about my life.
The professor asked her assistant to make a detailed plan.
The best place to visit in May is my hometown.
I returned home only to find she had left.
不定式的用法
不定式作主语和宾语
常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, wish
当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
e.g. It was wise of you to refuse his invitation.
有些动词既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义有所区别。这类动词有remember, forget, regret, try, mean等。
remember/forget/regret to do
remember/forget/regret doing
try to do
try doing
mean to do
mean doing
e.g. I’m sorry to have done that. I didn’t mean to be so rude.
That doesn’t mean reading it too slowly.
记得/忘记/遗憾要做某事
记得/忘记/懊悔做过某事
设法做某事
试着做某事
打算、意欲做某事
意味着……
不同意义和用法
need / want(想要) to do sth.
need / want(需要) / require(需要) + doing
=need / want(需要) / require(需要) + to be done
(v.-ing主动形式表被动意义)
这三个词need, want, require既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，但意义和用法不同。
e.g. The flowers want/need/require watering once a week.
The flowers want/need to be watered once a week.
被only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
e.g. Rita was the only person to complain.
He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.
Tom is the best man to do the job.
有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等。
e.g. After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread.
不定式作定语
不定式作状语
不定式作状语，常表示目的、原因、结果等。
e.g.They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten.
To catch the bus, I got up at six this morning．
I jumped with joy to hear it.
不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only +不定式”结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。
e.g. A friend of mine came to see me tonight.
Alan lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
不定式作补语
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, wait for,
call on, depend on
跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：
e.g. I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.
We’re trying to persuade manufacturers to sell them here.
感官动词和使役动词后常接省to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式to不能省略。
e.g. Someone saw Mary enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
Mary was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.
1. (2024 ·新高考Ⅰ卷) These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2. (2023·全国甲卷)So, it’s been useful (know) how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.
3. (2023·全国乙卷)If we want (reconstruct) what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
to know
to reconstruct
to give
Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition
2. The storm/seems/be getting closer
3. Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world
He encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)
The storm seems to be getting closer. (P)
Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)
4. The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts
5. The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research work
The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts. (O)
The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)
v. 鼓掌
6. It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less
7. The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater
8. It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work
It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S)
The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O; O)
It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work. (O)
v. 对……征税；使纳税
n. 胶囊；太空舱
Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep _____________ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _________ (see) the most unique flowers and plants __________ (dance) in the fast-moving water.
to measure
to see
dancing
In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _________ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _____________ (be) born into the royal family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters.
to have been
formed
The most common way for the princesses ________ (play) all day long is ___________________ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish ___________ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem_____________(not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who …
to play
swimming / to swim
swimming
not to worry
Suggested answer:
... who wants to see what life is like on land. She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship. It travels
toward her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship. She now realises that it is a scary world outside of the ocean, and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.
What do you think happens next
根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) It’s my great honor ________ ________ ________ (认识你).
2) I’m hungry, get me ___________ ________ ________ (吃的东西), please.
3) The purpose of new technology is ________ ________ ________ ________ (使生活更加容易).
4) The news reporter hurried to the airport, only
______ ________ ________ (被告知) the film star had left.
to know you
something to eat
to make
life easier
to be told
5) The teacher asked us ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (不要弄出这么大的噪音).
6) We are leaving at six o’clock, and hope ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (午饭前到达那里).
7) They know her very well. They had ________ ________ ________ ________ (看着她长大) since childhood.
8) Though he often ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (把他的小妹妹弄哭), today he ________ ________ ________ ________ (被弄哭) by her.
not to make
such loud noise
to arrive/get
there before lunch time
seen her
grow up
makes his little sister
cry was
made to cry
It is never too late to learn.
活到老，学到老。