名词用法辨析 提升练 2025年高考英语一轮复习备考

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名词用法辨析 提升练
2025年高考英语一轮复习备考
一、单项选择
1．Can you tell me the ________ to the bookstore
A．road B．street C．way D．bus
2．Having the courage to be disliked does not mean that you can use your weaknesses as an ________ for not improving yourself.
A．capacity B．excuse C．passion D．demand
3．Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees, a great many ______answered the call.
A．ancestors B．applicants C．operators D．boarders
4．Her enthusiasm and________to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.
A．judgement B．commitment C．competition D．evolution
5．The engineer is thought to be capable and modest, so his promotion to manager is a popular _____.
A．achievement B．appointment C．commitment D．employment
6．People believe writing poems provides a through which they can express their feelings.
A．shelter B．source
C．channel D．background
7．He gave him a new name to hide his _______ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A．emotion B．talent C．identity D．devotion
8．—Do you know where Li Lei is
—He has been in Shanghai as a _________ to help the medical workers.
A．hero B．pioneer C．volunteer D．actor
9．At the wedding, the invited guests bear ________ to the love between the couple.
A．comparison B．blame C．relation D．witness
10．Qianxuesen sought no fame and shunned the spotlight, returning to China with great ________.
A．integrity B．assumption C．innovation D．resolution
11．The ______ of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.
A．decoration B．construction C．competition D．combination
12．What was Jeff's ____ to the news that he was chosen to be chairman of the students' union
A．reaction B．impression C．permission D．conclusion
13．Through the old soldiers’ vivid________of the Long March, the students gained a more profound insight into the incomparable loyalty and firm belief of the Red Army.
A．issue B．account C．opinion D．practice
14．The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District,which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems.
A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol
15．Literally, overcapacity (产能过剩) pressured operating margins (利润), impacting players that lack scale or management ________to reduce costs.
A．stability B．fluency C．persistence D．expertise
二、语法填空
16．Almost one third say they now use a wider (vary)of ingredients(配料)than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．Most of the buildings in the town are modern, but the church is an (except). (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．There are obvious (distinction) between the two wine-making areas. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．Country (boundary) are shown on this map as dotted lines. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. （所给词的适当形式填空）
21．The project has now received (approve) from the government. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22．The government has declared a state of (emergent) following the earthquake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．The exchange of prisoners of war was one of the key (element) of the UN’s peace plan. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．Fruit is a convenient source of (vitamin) and energy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25． (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足). (所给词的适当形式填空)
26． who for the position are supposed to fill in the form.(apply) (所给词的适当形式填空)
In 2006, Nanjing yunjin weaving machines and skills were put on the list of the first state-level cultural heritage (遗产) with the 27 (approve) of the Chinese government. （所给词的适当形式填空）
28．The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the (rich) of gardening in England. (所给词的适当形式填空)
参考答案：
1．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你能告诉我去书店的路吗 A. road公路；B. street街道；C. way方法、路径；D. bus公共汽车。road是一个常用词，意为“公路”或“马路”，它表示可供任何车辆通行的路，也可以引申为抽象的、形象化的道路。street的意思是“街道”，它指城市或乡镇两旁有建筑物、商店等比较宽阔的道路，或指区内可供车马、行人走的平坦的路。way意为“道路”，常指“为到达目的地而必须经过的路线”，口语中问路时常用way，本句是问路的，所以用the way to表示“去……的路”。故选C项。
2．B
考查名词。句意：有不被人喜欢的勇气，并不意味着你可以把自己的弱点作为不提高自己的借口。A. capacity能力；B. excuse借口；C. passion热情；D. demand命令。结合句意可知，能接受自己不被人喜欢并不能作为借口。故选B项。
3．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：读了招聘合格员工的广告后，很多求职者都应征了。A. ancestors祖先；B. applicants申请人，求职者；C. operators操作员；D. boarders寄宿者。根据上文“Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees”可知此处指求职者应征，应用applicants。故选B。
4．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的七年中，她对学生的热情和承诺使学校在许多领域处于领先地位。A. judgement判断；B. commitment献身，承诺；C. competition比赛；D. evolution进化。根据下文“to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.”可知，此处表示对学生的承诺，固定搭配：commitment to“恪守承诺”。故选B。
5．B
考查名词辨析。句意：这个工程师被认为是既谦逊又有能力的，因此他升职成为经理这件事是一个广泛认可的委任。A. achievement成就；B. appointment任命；C. commitment承诺；D. employment就业。故B选项正确。
6．C
考查名词辨析。句意：人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；D. background背景。故C选项正确。
7．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他去执行秘密任务时，他给了他一个新名字来隐藏他的身份。A. emotion情感；B. talent才能；C. identity身份；D. devotion奉献。结合上文He gave him a new name to hide his可知给新名字是为了隐藏身份的。故选C。
8．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：—你知道李磊在哪里吗？—他作为志愿者在上海帮助医疗工作者。A. hero 英雄；B. pioneer 先锋，先驱；C. volunteer 志愿者；D. actor 演员。根据后文“help the medical workers(帮助医疗工作者)”可知，李磊是在提供帮助，而不是作为英雄、先锋或演员的身份出现，故选C项。
9．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在婚礼上，受邀的宾客们见证了这对夫妇之间的爱情。A. comparison比较；B. blame责备；C. relation关系；D. witness见证。参加婚礼的客人通常是作为新人爱情的见证者，因此，正确答案应当与“见证”相关，witness符合这一语境，表示客人们见证了这对夫妇的爱。bear witness“见证”为固定短语。故选D。
10．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：钱学森不追求名声，避开聚光灯，带着坚定的决心回到中国。A. integrity正直；B. assumption假设；C. innovation革新；D. resolution决心。结合句意，钱学森下定决心回国。故选D。
11．D
考查名词。句意：辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。A.decoration装饰；B.construction建造；C.competition竞争；D.combination结合。设空处在句中作主语，结合句意和空后的“of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours”可知，此处是指几种口味的结合。故选D。
12．A
考查名词辨析。句意：杰夫得到被选为学生会主席的消息时是什么反应 A. reaction反应；B. impression印象；C. permission许可；D. conclusion结论。固定短语：react to“作出反应”，此处Jeff's 是名词所有格，修饰名词。故选A。
13．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过老战士们对长征的生动讲述，学生们更加深刻地体会到红军无与伦比的忠诚和坚定的信念。A. issue问题；B. account讲述，描述；C. opinion观点；D. practice实践。根据后文“of the Long March”指对长征的生动讲述。故选B。
14．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在湖区长大，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。A. discovery发现；B. form形式；C. source来源，源泉；D. symbol象征。由下文“of inspiration for his poems.”可知，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。故选C。
15．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：实际上，产能过剩给运营利润率带来了压力，影响了那些缺乏规模或管理技能的企业降低成本。A. stability稳定性；B. fluency流畅性；C. persistence坚持，持久性；D. expertise专长，专门知识。management expertise为固定短语，意为“管理技能”，符合句意。故选D。
16．variety
考查名词。句意：近三分之一的人表示，他们现在使用的配料比以前更加多样化，而将近四分之一的人表示，他们现在购买的配料比以前质量更好。根据空前的冠词+形容词可知，后面用单数名词。a variety of表示“各种各样”，故填variety。
17．exception
考查名词。句意：这个镇上的大多数建筑都是现代的，但教堂是个例外。不定冠词an后面需要跟单数名词，而except是一个动词或介词，需要用其名词形式exception“例外”，为可数名词，在句中作表语。故填 exception。
18．distinctions
考查名词的复数。句意：这两个葡萄酒产区之间有明显的区别。由are可知，空格处用名复数，作主语，故填distinctions。
19．boundaries
考查名词的复数。句意：国家边界在这张地图上以虚线表示。由are可知，空格处用复数，故填boundaries。
20．visibility
句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
21．approval
句意：这个项目现已得到政府的批准。空处需填名词approval，作宾语，不可数名词。故填approval。
22．emergency
of后接名词emergency作宾语。故填emergency。
23．elements
空处需填名词作表语，one of后面接可数名词复数形式。故填elements。
24．vitamins
空处和energy并列，作of的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词vitamin“维生素”应用复数形式，表泛指。故填vitamins。
25．Activities
根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Activities。
26． Applicants apply application
根据who可知，第一处应用名词applicant表示“申请人”作主语，applicant为可数名词，根据系动词are可知，应用复数形式。句首首字母应大写。apply for意为“申请”，第二处应用动词apply表示“申请”，根据“are supposed to fill in”可知，此处应用一般现在时。application form意为“申请表”，第三处应用名词application作定语。故填①Applicants②apply③application。
approval
由句意及空前的with the可知应填名词形式approval，作宾语，with the approval of “经……同意”。故填approval。
28．richness
此处作宾语，应用名词形式richness，不可数。故填richness。
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