名词用法辨析 专题练 2025年高考英语一轮复习备考

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名词用法辨析 专题练
2025年高考英语一轮复习备考
一、单项选择
1．We are going to lose anyway, but the ________ of playing is not to win but to participate.
A．honour B．point C．term D．favour
2．If you drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow the ______.
A．signs B．ways C．points D．designs
3．The article discusses the ____ of this theory to actual economic practice.
A．application B．attraction C．association D．assumption
4．Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the ________ of their goals and ambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes.
A．procedure B．pursuit C．preference D．progress
5．A much better way must be found to achieve an equal _____ of the resources.
A．distribution B．contribution C．catalogue D．separation
6．He gave him a new name to hide his _______ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A．emotion B．talent C．identity D．devotion
7．In children’s _________ the Spring Festival is associated with nice food and presents.
A．brain B．head C．heart D．mind
8．—Do you know where Li Lei is
—He has been in Shanghai as a _________ to help the medical workers.
A．hero B．pioneer C．volunteer D．actor
9．Beijing has abandoned setting a specific GDP target for this year and shifted its policy priority to ensuring employment, people’s livelihoods and the ________ of businesses.
A．survival B．proposal C．approval D．arrival
10．Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
A．supply B．assistance C．quantity D．release
11．— Excuse me. Could you tell me where I can find laptops
— Well, you can go to the electronic ________.
A．insurance B．sentence C．section D．terminal
12．The composition seems imperfect but you should make_________ for the fact that the author is only seven.
A．appointments. B．assumptions. C．allowances. D．arrangements
13．You are not to take photos in the museum without ______.
A．occasion B．contribution C．impression D．permission
14．The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A．reservation B．transformation C．distinction D．submission
15．During her eight weeks there, she lost__________ in things, in a worldly way of life, and she got__________ in helping people.
A．interested; interest B．interests; interests
C．interest; interested D．interested; interested
16．It’s about ______ from here to our English teacher’s home.
A．twenty-minutes walk B．twenty minute’s walk
C．twenty-minute’s walk D．twenty minutes’ walk
二、语法填空
17． (manufacture) are working on a new generation of cheaper digital radios. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．We overlook all sorts of warning (signal) about our own health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．To improve the quality of life through work, two complementary (strategy) are necessary. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．Suzhou is a beautiful city in east (China) Jiangsu Province. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．The doctor was very pleased that most of his (patient) health improved after the treatment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22．The public should be on the lookout for (symptom) of the disease. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．She had no (tolerant) for jokes of any kind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．Because there was no radio or television, people in those days had very few (amuse) to choose from. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25．She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming (instruct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
26．A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and (anxious) in patients. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27．He spent much time collecting facts and analyzing them before coming to a (conclude). (所给词的适当形式填空)
28．Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure (bore). (所给词的适当形式填空)
29．The (fascinate) of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30．Their opponents were in (possess) of the ball for most of the match. (所给词的适当形式填空)
参考答案：
1．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，我们最后都会输，但比赛的目的不是为了赢而是为了参与。A. honour荣誉；B. point目的、重点；C. term术语；D. favour赞同。由下文的“not to win but to participate”可知此处指的是“比赛的目的（point）”。故选B项。
2．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你从机场出发，走高速公路，并跟随指示牌。A. signs指示牌；B. ways方法；C. points点；D. designs设计。由“drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow”可知，句子表示“如果你从机场出发，走高速公路，并跟随指示牌”，空格处意为“指示牌”，故选A。
3．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该书阐述了如何将这一理论应用于具体的经济活动中。A. application应用；B. attraction吸引；C. association协会；D. assumption假设。根据空后“this theory to actual economic practice”可知，此处指理论的应用。故选A。
4．B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功属于那些在追求目标和抱负的过程中愿意冒犯错误的风险，并且能够从这些错误中吸取教训的人。A. procedure程序；B. pursuit追求；C. preference偏爱；D. progress进步。根据后文“of their goals and ambitions”指追求目标和抱负。故选B。
5．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：必须找到一个更好的办法来平均分配资源。A. distribution分配；B. contribution贡献；C. catalogue目录（簿）；D. separation分离，分开。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词distribution，意为“分配，分发”。故选A。
6．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他去执行秘密任务时，他给了他一个新名字来隐藏他的身份。A. emotion情感；B. talent才能；C. identity身份；D. devotion奉献。结合上文He gave him a new name to hide his可知给新名字是为了隐藏身份的。故选C。
7．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在孩子们的心目中，春节与美味的食物和礼物联系在一起。A. brain大脑；B. head头；C. heart心脏；D. mind思想，心思。in one’s mind固定搭配，意为“在某人心里”，符合句意，故选D。
8．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：—你知道李磊在哪里吗？—他作为志愿者在上海帮助医疗工作者。A. hero 英雄；B. pioneer 先锋，先驱；C. volunteer 志愿者；D. actor 演员。根据后文“help the medical workers(帮助医疗工作者)”可知，李磊是在提供帮助，而不是作为英雄、先锋或演员的身份出现，故选C项。
9．A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京已放弃为今年设定具体的GDP目标，并将政策重点转向确保就业、民生和企业生存。A. survival生存；B. proposal建议；C. approval同意；D. arrival到达。根据“Beijing has abandoned setting a specific GDP target for this year and shifted its policy priority”可知，不设具体的GDP目标的目的是转换政策重点，确保就业、民生和企业生存。 10．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：海洋和世界其他地方一样，受到化石燃料燃烧和二氧化碳等温室气体释放的影响。A. supply供应；B. assistance帮助；C. quantity数量；D. release释放。根据后文“of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide”指温室气体释放，应用release。故选D。
11．C
考查名词词义辨行。句意：——请问一下，你能告诉我那里能找到笔记本电脑吗？——你可以去电子产品区。A. insurance保险；B. sentence句子；C. section区域，部门；D. terminal终点站，航站楼。此处意为“卖电子产品的地方去找笔记本电脑”，故为electronic section“电子产品区”，故选C。
12．C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这篇作文似乎有瑕疵但是你应该考虑到作者只有7岁的事实。A. appointments 约定； B. assumptions 假定，设想； C. allowances 允许，津贴； D. arrangements 安排，准备。make allowances for是固定搭配，表示考虑到，体谅，符合语境表达。故选C。
13．D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：未经允许，你不能在博物馆里拍照。A. occasion场合；B. contribution贡献：C. impression印象；D. permission同意，许可。根据句意，此处考查介词短语without permission，意为“未经许可”，作状语。故选D项。
14．B
A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
15．C
第一空填不可数名词interest“兴趣”，作lost的宾语。lose interest in“对……失去兴趣”。第二空填形容词interested“有趣的”，作表语，表示主语的感受。get interested in“对……感兴趣”。 16．D
这个表达用来描述从一个地点到另一个地点的距离，采用“时间单位（复数形式）+ 名词所有格（’s）+ 名词（walk）”的结构。“twenty minutes”表示二十分钟，由于“minutes”是复数形式，其所有格只需在末尾加一个（’），所以正确的表达方式为“twenty minutes’ walk”。故选D。
17．Manufacturers
根据句意可知是制造商，作主语，根据后文are可知应用名词复数，首字母大写。故填Manufacturers。
18．signals
考查名词复数。句意：我们忽视了各种关于自身健康的警告信号。空处需填名词作宾语，signal是可数名词，all sorts of后复数形式。故填signals。
19．strategies
考查名词复数。句意：为了通过工作提高生活质量，需要两个互补的策略。名词strategy作主语，前有two，名词strategy用复数形式strategies，故填strategies。
20．China’s
考查名词所有格。句意：苏州是中国东部江苏省的一个美丽城市。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，表示“中国的”，使用名词所有格，故填China’s。
21．patients’
考查名词所有格。句意：医生很高兴他的大多数病人在治疗后健康状况都有所改善。根据句意和前文most of可知，此处应用其名词复数的所有格形式patients’，修饰名词health，表示“大多数病人的健康状况”。故填patients’。
22．symptoms
空处需填名词作宾语，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填symptoms。
23．tolerance
空处需填名词tolerance，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填tolerance。
24．amusements
分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，amusement表“娱乐活动”，为可数名词，再由 few可知，这里应用复数形式。故填amusements。
25．instructor
空处作介词to的宾语，结合“different jobs”可知，instruct的名词形式instructor“教练”符合题意。故填instructor。
26．anxiety
此处使用名词anxiety“焦虑”，与pain并列，作can reduce的宾语。故填anxiety。
27．conclusion
此处用名词，作coming to的宾语，conclude的名词形式是conclusion“结论”，不定冠词a提示单数形式。故填conclusion。
28．boredom
空处作endure的宾语，bore的名词形式boredom符合题意，意为“无聊”，是不可数名词。故填boredom。
29．fascination
空处需填名词fascination，作主语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填fascination。
30．possession
作介词的宾语，应用名词possession，构成in possession of“拥有，占有”。故填possession。
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