满分练(一) 阅读理解+七选五阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024山东泰安二模)
Live and learn like a college student this summer at Carleton College’s Summer Liberal Arts Institute (SLAI).Beginning on March 15,SLAI is an immersive(沉浸式的) summer learning experience for current 10th and 11th graders to explore liberal arts through rigorous and experiential curriculum.If you are academically curious,excited about learning,and thrive in cooperative work environments,SLAI is the program for you!
At SLAI,you will connect with like-minded peers from all over the nation and world,all while earning college credit and learning from top-ranked Carleton faculty,who are experts in their field.Choose from 6 programs,with topics in:History & Literature,Storytelling,Sociology,STEM,Computer Science and Neuroscience.
Students who attend SLAI come away from the program on April 6 with improved college-level reading,writing,and research skills,an increased knowledge of topics and majors they may want to study in the future,and a general sense of preparedness for college.
During the program,students spend their mornings and afternoons in class,conducting research,and in hands-on labs.Specially,a variety of social activities are available after class every day,from frisbee to beading to makings’ mores.Weekend field trips to attractions in surrounding cities are also included in the program.Past destinations have included amusement parks,museums,or even a day at the lake!
Visit our website to apply today!We have two rounds of application review.The first deadline is on February 5,and the second and final deadline is on March 11.Need-based scholarships are available.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了Carleton College’s Summer Liberal Arts Institute(SLAI)的课程内容、活动安排以及申请方式等信息。
1.How long will SLAI last
A.About 1 week.
B.About 2 weeks.
C.About 3 weeks.
D.About 4 weeks.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Beginning on March 15...rigorous and experiential curriculum.”和文章第三段中“Students who attend SLAI come away from the program on April 6”可知,SLAI将持续大约三周。
2.What sets SLAI apart from other learning experiences
A.Participants can have access to hands-on labs.
B.Participants can apply for it online or in person.
C.It enables participants to engage in social activities.
D.It ensures participants to learn with college students.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Specially,a variety of social activities are available after class every day”可知,SLAI与其他学习经历的不同之处在于它使参与者能够参与社会活动。
3.How can SLAT benefit participants
A.It enhances awareness of preparedness for college.
B.It can improve their college-level listening.
C.It helps participants get college scholarships.
D.It offers the topic they are fond of freely.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知,SLAI提高了为大学做准备的意识。
B
(2024湖北武汉二模)
By the late 1960s,abstract painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge.“Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought.Cohen turned from the canvas(画布) to the screen,using computers to find new ways of creating art.In the late 1960s,he created a program that he named Aaron.It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art,and Cohen first presented Aaron in 1974 at the University of California,Berkeley.Aaron’s work has since graced museums from the Tate Gallery in London to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
With AI dominating the headlines,a new exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art,“Harold Cohen:Aaron”,running through June 2024,drew attention to Cohen’s pioneering work.The Whitney offered something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits:a real-time experience,in which visitors could watch the software produce art.
Cohen seeded Aaron with all sorts of knowledge:about basic objects,physics,and fundamental techniques of drawing.Aaron uses this knowledge to follow instructions,complete tasks,and make decisions like human beings—a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs,which don’t draw from scratch(从头开始) but rather rely on databases of images.Versions of Aaron still generate output,but anything done after Cohen’s death in 2016 is not considered genuine.
The Whitney is showcasing two versions of Cohen’s software,along with the art that each produced before Cohen died.The 2001 version,Aaron KCAT,generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high,while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes.The software will also create art physically,on paper,for the first time since the 1990s.“It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul,the museum’s director of digital art,“to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抽象画家哈罗德·科恩利用计算机程序Aaron创作艺术的先驱性工作,及其在纽约惠特尼美术馆的展览回顾。
4.What was Aaron born out of
A.Harold’s curiosity.
B.The museum’s donation.
C.Cohen’s imagination.
D.The university’s support.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘Maybe there are more interesting...that he named Aaron.”可知,Aaron的诞生源于哈罗德的好奇心。
5.What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs
A.Its ability to assign tasks.
B.Its use of modern techniques.
C.Its capability to make choices.
D.Its dependence on existing database.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aaron uses this knowledge...rely on databases of images.”可知,Aaron的不同之处在于它不依赖现有的数据库,而是能够自己做出决策和创作。
6.What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen:Aaron” exhibition
A.See the original 1960s version of Aaron.
B.Generate images with the help of Aaron.
C.Learn about the physical rules in art.
D.Observe Aaron creating art on the spot.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Whitney offered something...the software produce art.”可知,参观者在“Harold Cohen:Aaron”展览上能做的是观察Aaron现场创作艺术。
7.What is the text mainly about
A.The masterpieces of digital art.
B.A show of the art world’s first AI.
C.The latest technologies in the Whitney.
D.Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术家Harold Cohen创造的世界上第一个用于精细艺术领域的人工智能软件Aaron,以及纽约惠特尼美国艺术博物馆举办的展示Aaron及其作品的展览。因此,文章主要讲述的是艺术界首个人工智能的展览。
C
(2024湖北武汉二模)
Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating,including paying to have their names added to a paper.
The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices.It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor,job promotions,and salary bonuses.And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers that a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct,including 72 listed in the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru.
The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior.Dishonest publishing practices “transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth,says Edward Málaga Trillo,a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills,which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year.“These individuals are operating academic cheating.”
Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems.One cause,some researchers say,is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output.For example,under a scoring system used by universities,researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal,and two points when the journal is lower impact.The massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion.
Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious,notes Nahuel Monteblanco,president of Cientificos.pe,a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct.Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject.“If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries,that’s highly suspect,” Monteblanco says.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍秘鲁准备通过新的法律,以便更容易地调查和惩罚进行学术作弊的研究人员并解释作弊的原因和现象等。
8.What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating
A.Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty.
B.Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry.
C.Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct.
D.Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It recently removed two scientists...and salary bonuses.”可知,秘鲁最近从国家注册中心取消2名科学家的资格来解决学术作弊问题。
9.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “transcend” in paragraph 3
A.Change. B.Strengthen.
C.Go beyond. D.Approve of.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“because they enable researchers...individuals are operating academic cheating”可推断,上文意思是国会议员Edward Málaga Trillo说,不诚实的出版行为“超越了单纯的道德不端行为”,所以transcend意为“超越”,和“Go beyond”同义。
10.What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru
A.It advocated a fair scoring system.
B.It applied to high-impact journals.
C.It led to an increase in false authorship.
D.It aimed to punish dishonest publishing.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“One cause,some researchers say...payments and career promotion.”可知,研究人员会想办法提高论文的发表量,这样就会导致虚假作者的数量增加。
11.What might the most suspicion be given to a productive researcher with
A.Career promotion.
B.Consistent research focus.
C.Few citations by Punto Final.
D.Co-authors from various countries.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many of the papers...Monteblanco says.” 可知,最值得怀疑的可能是拥有来自不同国家的合著者。
D
(2024湖南岳阳二模)
Rich variety exists in primates(灵长目动物).Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains,gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra,lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar,and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide.Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity,thanks to a databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens(智人) to our closest evolutionary relatives,the primates.But researchers investigating diverse topics,from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins,have long faced a roadblock when pursuing this approach:While genomic data exists from millions of people,most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.So,in 2019,Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology,in Barcelona,Spain,and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at the company Illumina,determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible.
Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws,the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America,Africa,and Asia.Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies,the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons,gorillas,gibbons,and more,representing nearly half the known primate species.
The data revealed insights about human origins and health,as well as primate conservation,published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023.One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease,based on whether nonhuman primates can live with those variants.According to Marquès-Bonet,“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species” and a “good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate”—including humans.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们通过灵长类动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。
12.What can we learn from paragraph 1
A.Primates vary mainly in habitats.
B.Scientists focus on the diversity of primates.
C.There are 233 species of primates in the world.
D.Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity,thanks to a databank of genomes from 233 species.”可知,灵长类动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。
13.Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes
A.To cure human’s various genetic diseases.
B.To help human adapt to the environment.
C.To investigate the process of human evolution.
D.To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知,科学家们建立基因组数据库的目的是了解人类进化的优点与不足之处。
14.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The reasons for building the databank.
B.The process of building the databank.
C.The impacts of building the databank.
D.The difficulties in building the databank.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读第三段内容可知,这段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。
15.What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank
A.It still needs to be improved.
B.It is of great value to future research.
C.It is of little help to future research.
D.It is unclear whether it’s of help to future research.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species”可推断出这项研究对今后的研究具有重要的价值。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024山东潍坊二模)
It was dinner time,yet I hadn’t finished my work for the day.Cheery people who were enjoying their holiday time buzzed around me.But with my head down and headphones in,I had interacted with very few of them.The day passed more like a fast-forwarded video than something that I actually fully experienced. 16
This was my first week living the digital nomad lifestyle.I had left my corporate role and found freelance(自由职业的) writing work online to afford me the freedom to travel. 17 With enthusiasm,I expected my attitude would also change.Instead,the first surprising realization of my travel journey had hit:despite changing my formal suits to casuals,I was the exact same person I had been at home.
I had prepared excitedly,surfing online about digital nomadism. 18 While you might expect finances to be the biggest killer of this lifestyle,unrealistic expectations are the death blow that I hear about most often.After six years abroad,realism is now the primary message I share.
19 Instead of an office room,you’ll work from a balcony overlooking the Mediterranean or a sunny rooftop in the heart of Marrakesh.Instead of waiting at the coffee machine next to complaining colleagues,your daily coffee run will lead you down dusty cobblestone streets into tiny cafes.These dreams exist and are waiting for you once you clear customs.
But that’s not all that’s waiting for new digital nomads. 20 At-home life and life on the road can at times feel shockingly similar,or,if bad work habits take over,even worse.It’s an important expectation to understand before you set out on your digital nomad lifestyle:your surroundings will change,but you take you everywhere that you go.No matter how ultra-light you pack.
A.And my surroundings looked different.
B.But this wasn’t at a tiring nine-to-five office job.
C.This was a typical day back in my office I managed to escape.
D.New surroundings may also make you fully engaged in your work.
E.Should you choose to become a digital nomad,your environment will change.
F.You’ll still wake up with emails in your inbox and to-dos begging to be handled.
G.Yet somehow I unknowingly over-consumed expectation and under-consumed realism.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者作为一名数字游民的生活经历。作者原本以为改变工作环境和生活方式会让自己焕然一新,但他很快意识到,尽管外在环境变了,自己还是那个自己,工作习惯和态度并没有因为环境的改变而改变。
16.B 根据空前内容以及第二段首句可知,此处描述的是作者过数字游民一周的生活情况。B项中的this指代的是作者经历的一周数字游民生活,与朝九晚五的生活是不同的,该选项符合语境。
17.A 根据上下文可知,自从作者离开了公司成为自由撰稿人之后,其周围的环境发生了变化,同时作者期待着自己的态度也发生变化,此处的also与设空处发生的变化形成并列。A项指出作者成为自由撰稿人之后,周围环境发生了变化,与下文形成呼应,符合语境。
18.G 根据上下文可知,作者已经兴奋地做好了过数字游民生活的准备,可是实际生活中不切实际的期望打败了作者,作者对现实生活没有充分的准备和认知。G项与上文构成转折关系,指出虽然作者做好了准备,可是作者却对现实中的消费准备不足,因此作者最终被不切实际的期望打败了。该选项符合语境,承接上下文。
19.E 根据下文可知,此处描述的是成为数字游民后的环境所发生的具体的改变。E项引起下文,指出如果选择成为数字游民环境将会发生改变。
20.F 根据上文“But that’s not all that’s waiting for new digital nomads.”可知,成为新数字游民除了工作环境和生活方式会发生变化之外,这并不是新数字游民所期待的全部,下文应该指出还有其他的内容。F项指成为新数字游民除了工作环境和生活方式会发生变化之外,收件箱里依旧还有邮件和待办事项等着你去处理,这些也是新数字游民生活所应期待的一部分,该选项符合语境。满分练(二) 阅读理解+七选五阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024江西新余二模)
Some buildings can leave you wondering how on earth they were built.Jaw-dropping architecture is not new.We’re still amazed that the Great Pyramid in Egypt was built 4,500 years ago!Read on for more recent examples of innovative 4 buildings constructed using technology developed in the last century.
Krzywy Domek (Crooked House) Sopot,Poland
COMPLETED:2004
SIZE:About three-fourths the size of a football field
With its warped 13 walls,curved stained glass,and roof that looks like green dragon scales,Crooked House is popular with photographers.Staring at it for too long might make you dizzy!Inside though is a typical mall and office building.People can shop in the stores,eat in the restaurants and get their haircut in a salon.A favorite feature is the Wall of Fame with signatures from Polish celebrities.It’s modeled after the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Cube Houses Rotterdam,Netherlands
COMPLETED:1984
SIZE:About one-fourth the size of a basketball court
The 38 Cube Houses are a popular attraction,but they are also real houses that people live in!The cubes have concrete foundations and floors with a wood-frame living space on top.Cement panels and zinc panels add visual appeal.The furniture is tailor-made to fit the odd angles where the walls meet.
Bubble Palace Cannes,France
COMPLETED:1989
SIZE:Almost three times the size of a basketball court
This house may look like a space colony but it’s really a 10-bedroom palace.Made of cave-like bubbles forming a labyrinth(迷宫),it also has ponds,waterfalls,swimming pools,an outdoor theater that seats 500 people,and views of the Mediterranean Sea.
Wonderworks Pigeon Forge,Tenessee
COMPLETED:2006 (Other locations followed)
SIZE:About nine-tenths the size of a football field
Looking at the cracks in this building,you might think,is it about to crumble And how do they get palm trees and grass to grow upside down But it’s all an illusion.This indoor amusement park is actually pretty normal.The upside-down features are just for show.Inside are more than 100 hands-on science exhibits and activities,including a laser-tag zone,a hurricane-force wind tunnel,a zero-gravity astronaut-training ride,and a three-story ropes course.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四座使用20世纪开发的技术建造的创新建筑,它们会令人瞠目结舌。
1.Which building has the smallest size
A.Wonderworks. B.Cube Houses.
C.Bubble Palace. D.Krzywy Domek.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据四座建筑分别对应的尺寸信息“About three-fourths the size of a football field” “About one-fourth the size of a basketball court” “Almost three times the size of a basketball court”和“About nine-tenths the size of a football field”可知,Cube Houses是其中最小的建筑,约为篮球场的四分之一大小。
2.What can visitors appreciate in Wonderworks
A.The Wall of Fame with signatures from Polish celebrities.
B.The tailor-made furniture to fit the strange angles.
C.An illusion of palm trees and grass growing upside down.
D.A labyrinth formed by cave-like bubbles.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Wonderworks中“Looking at the cracks...it’s all an illusion.”可知,在Wonderworks中游客有棕榈树和草倒着生长的错觉。
3.Where could the passage come from
A.A textbook. B.A tour brochure.
C.A magazine. D.A report.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。通读全文,文章为读者介绍了四座使用20世纪开发的技术建造的创新建筑,与建筑相关,结合选项可知,文章可能出自一本杂志。
B
(2024山东日照二模)
When Bella Lin was 12 years old,she noticed that her guinea pigs(豚鼠) seemed unhappy in their small cage with “prison-like bars”,Lin told the CNBC Make It website.Focusing on finding an alternative to traditional cages for her pets,the now 17-year-old from Mountain View,US,began her designs.
Lin experimented with multiple designs and used around $2,000 from her savings to start her side business,Guinea Loft,on Amazon in November 2022.It made a big difference and sold nearly 11,000 cages and brought in more than $410,000 in 2023,according to CNBC Make It.
Initially,Lin informed her father of her desire to develop an improved cage.Her father had relations with a family-owned factory in China through a previous client,and he reached out to them.
Traditional guinea pig cages typically consist of bars,roofs,and either tarp(防水布) or plastic bottoms,making them hard to clean and often smell bad.Lin’s initial glass,open-floor cages offered more visibility and mobility,with a two-layered bottom.This design allows for the easy removal of soiled bedding by pushing it into a removable plastic tray(托盘).However,due to high shipping costs,the glass material was impractical,and the open floor caused problems for her smaller guinea pigs,as their feet would get stuck.
Lin and her six-person team in China devoted late nights to researching and testing products.Her team handled the sourcing,manufacturing,packaging and photography of the products.In the end,they chose acrylic,instead of glass,and crafted replaceable bottoms,as Lin described it.The bottoms are easy to throw out,which is good for business:Once customers run out of the bottoms,they have to visit Lin’s Amazon store again to restock.
“Witnessing the practical effects of Guinea Loft cages through customer reviews and emails is empowering,” Lin said.“As someone who once placed great emphasis on academic recognition,the success of my side business has boosted my confidence in exploring life beyond high school.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Bella Lin在注意到她的豚鼠在小笼子里不开心后,开始设计替代传统笼子的新型笼子的故事。
4.What inspired Lin to design a new cage for guinea pigs
A.The huge profits in her business.
B.Their bad living conditions.
C.Her unpleasant experience at school.
D.Her desire to replace old cages.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,豚鼠恶劣的生活条件激发了她为它们设计一个新的笼子。
5.What is a major advantage of Lin’s new cage
A.It is waterproof. B.It lasts long.
C.It is easy to clean. D.It smells nice.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This design allows for the easy removal of soiled bedding by pushing it into a removable plastic tray.”可知,她设计的新笼子的巨大优势是便于清理。
6.How does Lin sound in the last paragraph
A.Humorous. B.Concerned.
C.Encouraged. D.Curious.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,她意识到自己设计的豚鼠笼实际效果很好,探索高中以后生活的信心得以增强。由此可知,她听起来很受鼓舞。
7.What may be a suitable title for the text
A.Inventing for Our Pets
B.Running a Side Business
C.Bella Lin’s Academic Achievements
D.The Application of Guinea Pig Cages
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“Focusing on finding an alternative to traditional cages for her pets,the now 17-year-old from Mountain View,US,began her designs.”可知,文章为读者讲述了Bella Lin的故事,她在注意到她的豚鼠在小笼子里不开心后,开始设计替代传统笼子的新型笼子。因此,A项“为我们的宠物做发明”契合文章主旨,最适合作为文章标题。
C
(2024江西景德镇三模)
Have you ever had the feeling that you can’t think when there is too much noise around Did you ever think a fish could experience that feeling too A recent paper published in Science titled “Soundscape(声景) of the Anthropocene Oceans”,combined over 10,000 scientific papers,confirming that undersea life knows that exact same feeling,more often than not.Anthropogenic(人为的) ocean noise,also known as underwater noise pollution,has created a dramatic impact on marine life due to “human-caused” activity within and neighboring our oceans.
Disney Pixar’s animated film Finding Nemo educated us about the ocean,and specifically within the ordinary world of a clown fish.A fact many may not know is that clown fish spend the first part of their lives as larvae,drifting with the current of the ocean until they become strong enough to swim against it.Once they are powerful and strong,they head home in sheltered coral reefs.There is only one drawback—the fish can’t physically see the reef,but they can hear it.The only problem is,if they can’t hear it,will they ever make it home
Our anthropogenic ocean noise,such as cargo ships,ship and boat propellers,surfing,deep sea mining,etc.are causing destruction of marine life.According to Time,sound is the sensory signal that travels the farthest through the ocean.Anthropogenic noise drowns out the natural soundscapes,putting marine life under immense stress.Altogether,this stress then affects their general health,disrupts their behavior,physiology,reproduction and,in extreme cases,causes death.Marine life can adapt to noise pollution,however,only if they can escape it.This only renders further complications of straying(使偏离) species from their traditional breeding regions or separating them from their families.
Now,what if we told you there is already a solution Multiple remedies,ideas and designs are currently in the works or already exist to eliminate and reverse the damage of anthropogenic ocean noise.As Time explains,from wind-powered ships to noise-reducing propellers,floating wind turbines and “bubble curtains” that muffle construction noise,the solutions are already available and in some cases,cost-effective.The authors of the paper hope it will catch the attention of policymakers,who historically speaking,have ignored the matter still to this day.
Of all the challenges ocean creatures are battling,luckily sound pollution is the easiest compromise humans can make.Once the noise has decreased,marine life will be able to better manage everything else it is up against.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人为海洋噪声对海洋生物造成的影响,以及目前存在的解决方案和对未来政策制定者的呼吁。
8.How does anthropogenic ocean noise affect clown fish
A.It improves their reproduction rates.
B.It promotes their better development.
C.It hinders them from finding their home.
D.It causes them to give up their migration in the ocean.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“There is only one drawback...ever make it home ”可知,人为的海洋噪声会阻碍小丑鱼找到回家的路。
9.What does the underlined word “renders” probably mean in paragraph 3
A.Leads to. B.Decides on.
C.Holds back. D.Results from.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Marine life can adapt...from their families.”可知,海洋生物会因为噪声污染而偏离传统繁殖区域或与它们的同类分离,这是噪声污染带来的结果。由此可推知,画线单词“renders”的意思是“导致”,与选项A意思接近。
10.Which of the following solutions is already available according to paragraph 4
A.The application of relevant laws.
B.The use of noise control technology.
C.The restriction of human activities.
D.The attention of local policymakers.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“As Time explains...cost-effective.”可知,已经有一些噪声控制技术可以用来减少人为的海洋噪声。
11.What is the text mainly about
A.The beauty of marine ecosystems.
B.The urgent need for ocean conservation.
C.The impact of climate change on ocean noise.
D.The harmful effects of human-generated ocean noise.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出了人为的海洋噪声对海洋生物的影响。文章第二段至第四段通过讲述小丑鱼的例子和海洋生物对噪声的适应性,进一步说明了噪声污染对海洋生物的危害。文章最后一段提出了一些已经存在的解决方案。由此可知,文章主要讲述的是人为产生的海洋噪声的有害影响。
D
(2024河南开封三模)
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable,thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.Researchers at the University of Texas,Austin,created an AI model that,during a test run in China,correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent of earthquakes with a one-week warning and offered reliable assessments of their potential intensity.
The researchers attribute their technique’s effectiveness to its reliance on a straightforward machine learning framework.The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics,and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings.Once trained,the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’s low-frequency rumbles(隆隆声).
The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic(地震) events.According to Alexandros Savvaidis,a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network,“Seismic occurrences strike without warning,often in the blink of an eye.Your readiness is all you can influence.Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes,reducing both the financial burden and loss of life,and the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”
Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain,the researchers believe that their AI model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic monitoring facilities.Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas,where the University of Texas’s TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records,making it an ideal location for these purposes.
Ultimately,the authors aim to combine the system with physics-based models.This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data.“That may be a long way off,but many advances such as this one,taken together,are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker,the bureau’s director.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可以给出准确的地震预测,介绍了其工作原理以及意义。
12.How does the AI predict seismic events
A.It identifies data from the satellites.
B.It analyzes background sounds in the Earth.
C.It models data based on earthquake recordings.
D.It monitors changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once trained,the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’s low-frequency rumbles.”可知,人工智能分析地球上的背景声音预测地震事件。
13.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph 3
A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes.
B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes.
C.The significance of developing the AI prediction.
D.The restrictions of AI-based methods in earthquake prediction.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,亚历山德罗斯·萨瓦伊迪斯想说明发展人工智能预测的意义。
14.What does the subsequent research focus on
A.Conducting tests in different locations.
B.Applying the AI approach to other fields.
C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas.
D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Their next step is to test...ideal location for these purposes.”可知,接下来的研究重点是在不同地点进行测试。
15.Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology
A.Stable but outdated.
B.Effective but costly.
C.Potential and economical.
D.Pioneering and promising.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段首句以及最后一段末句可推知,地震预测技术具有开创性和前景。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024湖南永州三模)
As the seasons are starting to change around the world,the animal kingdom is on the move.Animal migration is one of nature’s great wonders,but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey,or where they need to go Once they’ve worked out their destination,how do they know how to get there 16 .
Migration is a behavioral pattern where animals travel from one habitat to another in search of something.It happens seasonally,and usually involves a return journey.These journeys can be by land,sea or air. 17 .Animals like gazelles,wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink.
Animals also migrate because of the weather.Around 50 bird species leave the UK each winter to avoid the cold. 18 .They’re either searching for a mate,looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young.For example,humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves.
19 ,but how do they know when it is time to head off For those who migrate to look for something to eat,scientists think shortages of food could be a sign that it’s time to begin their journey.Others might be able to recognize when winter is coming because they can see that the days are getting shorter.
So how do they know where to go Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are. 20 .Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain.
A.Below are some ways they get there
B.Animals have their reasons for migrating
C.Scientists have been puzzled by these questions for many years
D.It’s also possible for animals to sniff their way to their destination
E.Some birds travel to the UK to escape extreme cold further north
F.One of the main reasons behind animal migration is the search for food
G.For some animals,it’s the need to reproduce that sends them on their journey
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了动物迁移这一行为相关的问题。
16.C 空前提出了一些与动物迁徙相关的问题,故C项符合,C项中的“these questions”指代空前提出的这几个问题。
17.F 空后提到了瞪羚、角马和斑马等动物在旱季成群结队地迁徙,寻找新鲜的食物和水源,故它们迁徙的目的是寻找食物和水源,故F项符合。
18.G 空后提出它们迁徙是为了寻找配偶,或者寻找产卵的地方,或者寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点,故G项符合,繁殖的需求让一些动物踏上了旅程,它们要么是在寻找配偶,要么在寻找产卵的地方,要么寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点。
19.B 空后提出了另外一个问题,什么时候出发,且上文一直在解释动物迁徙的原因,故B项符合,承上启下,总结上文分析的原因,并引出下文迁徙的时间。
20.D 空前和空后都提出了一些动物如何知道自己该去哪里的方法,故D项符合,空前提出一些动物通过地标和星星、太阳来帮助自己导航,而空后则具体举例牛羚是靠闻雨水的味道,故D项可以引出下文。满分练(三) 阅读理解+七选五阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024湖南永州三模)
When creative architectural minds are given free reign over their creations,some truly unique buildings are born.
Habitat 67 (Montreal,Canada)
Habitat 67’s unique architecture was designed by a young Canadian-Israeli immigrant named Moshe Safdie for Montreal’s 1967 Universal Exposition(博览会).The building was designed to integrate the advantages of suburban living—namely privacy,gardens and multiple floors—in an urban environment.
Sagrada Familia (Barcelona,Spain)
When modernist architect Antoni Gaudi took up the reins in 1883,a year after the construction began,he turned just another church into his masterpiece.Its complex designs and themes make the Sagrada Familia among the most unique architecture in the world.When it’s finally finished in 2026,its iconic design will have long since been established as one of the great achievements of architecture.
Longaberger Basket Building (Newark,America)
There are plenty of buildings out there that reflect their purpose,like the Kansas City library that looks like a row of books.The Longaberger Basket Building is one of this kind.Head office of the Longaberger Company produces baskets which can be found around the world.The Longaberger founder’s son wanted all the other Longaberger buildings to look like its products too.
Atomium (Brussels,Belgium)
Another example of an offbeat construction for a World’s Fair,the Atomium was built for the 1958 edition of the Universal Exposition held in Brussels,Belgium by André Waterkeyn.Unlike Habitat 67,it wasn’t meant to be a residential building.Instead it contains exhibition rooms and public halls.The building itself is designed to be a copy of the structure of iron crystal.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上四种独特的建筑。
1.Which of the following buildings hasn’t been completed by now
A.Habitat 67.
B.Sagrada Familia.
C.Longaberger Basket Building.
D.Atomium.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文中Sagrada Familia (Barcelona,Spain)部分的“When it’s finally finished in 2026,its iconic design will have long since been established as one of the great achievements of architecture.”可知,Sagrada Familia目前还没完工。
2.What does Longaberger Basket Building look like
A.A basket. B.A garden.
C.A row of books. D.An iron crystal.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文中Longaberger Basket Building (Newark,America)部分的“Head office of the Longaberger Company produces...look like its products too.”可知,Longaberger的建筑看起来像它自己的产品,也就是篮子。
3.What do Habitat 67 and Atomium have in common
A.They are residential buildings.
B.They were built for World’s Fairs.
C.They were designed by Moshe Safdie.
D.They contain exhibition rooms and public halls.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文中Habitat 67 (Montreal,Canada)部分的“Habitat 67’s unique architecture was designed by a young Canadian-Israeli immigrant named Moshe Safdie for Montreal’s 1967 Universal Exposition(博览会).”和Atomium (Brussels,Belgium)部分的“Another example of an offbeat construction for a World’s Fair,the Atomium was built for the 1958 edition of the Universal Exposition held in Brussels,Belgium by André Waterkeyn.”可知,这两个建筑都是为了世界博览会而修建的。
B
(2024安徽合肥二模)
When I was a teenage boy,my parents signed me up in a local junior golf camp.From that moment,my life has been pretty much devoted to the game.
When I play golf,there’s always a chance of making something magical happen—whether it’s breaking a personal record or potentially making a hole-in-one.This is the aspect of golf that attracted me in growing up.However,I had to take a break because I couldn’t really afford to play while in college,suffering from burnout.I’d still go out once in a while to play with friends,but for the first time since my teens,I was away from my community.
Several years later,my enthusiasm for playing golf was inspired again.I became familiar with the game again after playing on and off at Langston Golf Course.From the moment I arrived,this place felt like one of the courses where I grew up:A modest spot where people of all working-class backgrounds came to experience the game,eat lunch or have a drink.
The sense of community I’ve regained with the game is more than I’ve ever imagined.I like hiking around,chasing a little white ball around a golf course.I also like connecting with old friends and meeting new ones.Some I’ve been playing with since high school,and our text threads are loaded with trash talk about who’s playing well and who isn’t.They’re usually the ones spurring me to practice and get better.We share experiences on the golf course that are memorable and have stories for days:My circle only seems to be expanding,and I’m excited to see what the future holds.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与高尔夫球的深厚情感,不仅仅将其视为一项运动,更是一种生活方式和社交方式。
4.Why was the author once away from his golf community
A.He couldn’t spare time to play golf.
B.He didn’t feel a sense of achievement.
C.He wanted to make more new friends.
D.He tried to get out of his parents’ control.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“However,I had to take a break because I couldn’t really afford to play while in college,suffering from burnout.”可推知,作者曾经离开他的高尔夫社团是因为他抽不出时间去打高尔夫。
5.What does the author say about Langston Golf Course
A.It carried his past memories.
B.It reminded him to keep modest.
C.It offered him a sense of belonging.
D.It witnessed his accomplishments.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“From the moment I arrived...eat lunch or have a drink.”可知,作者认为Langston Golf Course给了他一种归属感。
6.What does the underlined word “spurring” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Hating. B.Warning.
C.Forbidding D.Pushing.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知,他们通常是激励作者练习和变成更好的人。由此可知,spur意为“激励,促进”。
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Golf:My Journey to Greatness
B.Golf:More Than a Game to Me
C.Discovering Enthusiasm for Golf
D.Pursuing Perfection Through Golf
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了作者与高尔夫球的深厚情感,不仅仅将其视为一项运动,更是一种生活方式和社交方式。因此,最适合的标题是“Golf:More Than a Game to Me(高尔夫:对我来说不仅仅是游戏)”。
C
(2024河南濮阳二模)
How many species can be found in a glass of ocean water If you’ve ever been involved in a school experiment looking at ocean or river water under a microscope,you’ll know that even a single drop is filled with life,from small insects and fish you can see with your eyes down to bacteria,fish eggs and even tiny creatures that can only be revealed under microscope.
Scientists are now looking even more closely,using the relatively recent technique of environmental DNA (eDNA) sequencing(测序).This allows researchers to get some DNA from a sample of water,and then to match it against known reference sequences.
Not only can eDNA identify thousands of species in a single sample of water,but the technique can be used in the field to assess biodiversity in water and other environments faster,more comprehensively,yet also much less harmfully than traditional physical surveys.
The approach is growing so quickly that the first Australian and New Zealand Environmental DNA Conference was held in Hobart in February 2023,bringing together some of the world’s leading researchers and technology providers in the space.
There is still much to be learned.Because of the DNA copy technique,the slightest pollution can deliver false results.Scientists are also still learning about how eDNA is distributed in the environment,how far it travels from its “point of release”,and how different water qualities affect how well mixed it is in the water column.There are also many things that can affect results when sampling.eDNA degrades(分解) faster in warmer water because of increased microbial(微生物的) activity,a strong driver of eDNA degradation.Yet this effect can be reduced by an increased production of eDNA under these conditions.
So there is no specific answer to the question.But with the new techniques and others in development,the answer is far higher than you would have counted through your school microscope.California-based Illumina is a leader in eDNA sequencing and it was also a gold sponsor of the Hobart event.Its “next-generation sequencing” workflow involves a three-stage process after sample collection.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用环境DNA测序技术评估海水中生物多样性的研究。
8.Why is the school experiment mentioned in paragraph 1
A.To offer some evidence.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To raise awareness of biodiversity.
D.To stress the importance of experiments.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的“If you’ve ever been involved in...revealed under microscope.”可知,作者在第一段提到学校实验是为了引出文章的主题——用eDNA 测序技术来研究水中的生物多样性。
9.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about eDNA
A.Its advantages.
B.Its classifications.
C.Its popularity.
D.Its development.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,第三段主要介绍了 eDNA 测序技术的优点。
10.What is the main factor that affects the results of the study
A.The travel distance of eDNA.
B.The size of the water sample.
C.The instability of the water sample.
D.The degradation of eDNA in water.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“eDNA degrades(分解) faster in warmer water because of increased microbial(微生物的)activity,a strong driver of eDNA degradation.”可知,影响研究结果的主要因素是水样的不稳定性。
11.What may be talked about next
A.The process of new sequencing.
B.The introduction to Illumina.
C.The new way of collecting samples.
D.The cooperation of leading researchers.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Its ‘next-generation sequencing’ workflow involves a three-stage process after sample collection.”可知,接下来可能会讨论新测序的过程。
D
(2024山东聊城二模)
Four-legged robots like Boston Dynamics’ Spot and Cheetah owe almost all their quickness to fancy footwork.In biology,however,a four-legged animal’s movement,flexibility,and complex motor functions come almost entirely from its spine(脊柱).If artificial spines could be put into such designs,engineers could find entirely new approaches to accurate mobility.
Now,engineers are reportedly a few steps further towards spine-centric,four-legged bots thanks to a research team’s rat-inspired robot.NeRmo is a biomimetic and four-legged robot that depends on an innovative motor-tendon(运动肌腱的) structure to move around environments.
As far as looks go,NeRmo mirrors a mouse’s bone system.The robot’s solid front half houses its electronics systems,while its latter half functions much as an actual flexible spine would.Artificial tendons passing through the spine as well as the robot’s arm and knee joints allow NeRmo even more mouselike movements alongside quicker turning times.NeRmo’s tendon system prevented the need for any muscle while still allowing for smooth bending capabilities,i.e.side-to-side,and up-and-down.
To test their new design,the team ran NeRmo through a series of four experiments to demonstrate balancing,straight-line walking,quick turning,and maze navigation.Each trial included two rounds—one with the spinal system engaged,and the other with it disabled.Across the board,NeRmo performed the tasks better,faster,and more accurately when it combined the spine with its movements.Maze navigation,however,was NeRmo’s true shining moment.With its spine engaged,the mouse-bot completed its maze runs much faster than simply wandering through without spinal support.
Although still in its early stages,researchers believe further design involving the spinal systems in future four-legged robots could vastly improve their functionality.If NeRmo wasn’t proof enough,think of it this way—MIT’s Cheetah can run 13 feet per second with just one joint copying the bending of the spine forward and backward.NeRmo,meanwhile,has eight joints.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受老鼠启发的机器人NeRmo,它的运动肌腱结构使它能够像老鼠一样快速、灵活地运动。研究人员通过一系列实验证明,NeRmo的脊柱系统能够提高它的运动性能,这为未来四足机器人的设计提供了新的思路。
12.What is the limitation of Boston Dynamics’ Spot and Cheetah
A.Having an unattractive appearance.
B.Referring to few biological bases.
C.Having a strict range of applications.
D.Lacking spine-based moving accuracy.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知,Boston Dynamics的Spot和Cheetah几乎完全依赖于复杂的步法来实现快速运动,而在生物学中,四足动物的运动、灵活性和复杂的运动功能几乎完全来自其脊柱。由此可知,Boston Dynamics的Spot和Cheetah的局限性在于缺乏基于脊柱的运动精度。故选D项。
13.Which of the following makes NeRmo move more like mice
A.The tendon system.
B.The bone system.
C.The muscle system.
D.The knee joint.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Artificial tendons passing through the spine...alongside quicker turning times.”可知,NeRmo机器人的运动肌腱结构使其能够像老鼠一样快速、灵活地运动。故选A项。
14.What did the four testing experiments find
A.NeRmo had a great sense of direction.
B.The spinal system bettered NeRmo’s movement.
C.NeRmo without an artificial spine lost control easily.
D.Artificial spines gave hope to disabled animals.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Across the board,NeRmo performed the tasks better...with its movements.”可知,上文的四个测试实验发现脊柱系统改善了NeRmo的运动。
15.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Putting NeRmo into use has difficulties in practice.
B.Reducing the number of joints in robots is necessary.
C.Applying spinal systems to robots has a promising outlook.
D.Creating more four-legged robots is a matter of time.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Although still in its early stages...vastly improve their functionality.”可知,在机器人中应用脊柱系统具有广阔的前景。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024山东日照二模)
Everyone reacts to the pressures of an upcoming test differently. 16 When you know you have a test ahead,prepare yourself mentally and physically well in advance to minimize test anxiety.Here are some tips to help get you through the days leading up to your test.
17 It helps you engage with your material,and it gives you something else for reference when you study later.If your notes are detailed enough,you can read over them to study.You can also use them to make flashcards and other study aids.
Where you study can be just as important as how you study.Choose a place that’s comfortable,whether that’s your bedroom,a quiet table at the library,or a bench at the local park.Make sure the area has good lighting so you aren’t straining your eyes,and ensure it’s quiet and free from distractions. 18
Don’t try to cram(填塞) all of your material into your brain the night before the big test.Cramming can cause stress and anxiety. 19 For example,if you know the test is in two weeks,divide the material into 10 to 14 parts and spend a set amount of time each day to review one part.
If you work well with groups,consider forming or joining a study group with others who are serious about passing the test.Try to keep the group small so that everyone has a chance to engage. 20 And consider making someone the leader of the group to help keep everyone on track.
A.Instead,it’s best to study a little bit each day.
B.But it’s normal to feel a bit nervous or anxious.
C.Agree on a schedule and location to meet each week.
D.There’s no need to stay up cramming the night before the big test.
E.Consider turning off your phone and any other electronic devices.
F.Preparing for a test can begin days,weeks,and even months in advance.
G.Note taking helps focus your attention on what you’re reading or hearing.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提前做好心理和身体上的准备,把考试焦虑降到最低的一些方法。
16.B 上文“Everyone reacts to the pressures of an upcoming test differently.”引出对考试压力的反应这一话题,下文“When you know you have a test ahead,prepare yourself mentally and physically well in advance to minimize test anxiety.”建议通过提前做好准备来降低考试焦虑,因此空处应该与对考试感到焦虑相关,B项符合语境,承上启下,其中的anxious和下文的anxiety呼应。故选B项。
17.G 下文内容主要介绍笔记的作用,空处位于段首,是段落主旨句,应该是总的点明做笔记的好处,G项符合语境,契合段落内容,其中的Note taking是下文It指代的对象。
18.E 空处上句给出学习环境的要求,需确保照明良好,以及安静不受打扰,空处应该与怎样确保安静不受打扰相关,E项符合语境,承接上文,其中的phone and any other electronic devices和上文的distractions呼应。
19.A 上文“Cramming can cause stress and anxiety.”指出填鸭式学习的坏处,下文“For example,if you know the test is in two weeks...to review one part.”给出考前每天学一点的具体例子,因此空处应该是建议每天学一点,A项符合语境,承上启下。故选A项。
20.C 上文“Try to keep the group small so that everyone has a chance to engage.”给出小组学习的第一点建议,保持小规模,下文“And consider making someone the leader of the group to help keep everyone on track.”给出小组学习的另一点建议,确保有人担任领导,因此空处应该是小组学习的第二点建议,C项符合语境,和前后两句是平行关系。满分练(四) 阅读理解+七选五阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024江西鹰潭二模)
This chart shows how much money Americans have in savings at every age.
The typical American household has an average of $8,863 in an account at a bank or credit union,according to a recent report from Bankrate that analyzed inflation-adjusted data from the Federal Reserve.That’s purely in liquid savings,so it doesn’t include retirement funds or other investments.
However,that amount varies greatly by age and household type.
Savings vary widely by household type and age
For many families,this amount of savings falls short,some experts warn.“The ultimate destination should be enough to cover six months’ expenses,perhaps 9 to 12 months for sole breadwinners or self-employed individuals,” Greg McBride,CFA and chief financial analyst for ,says in the report.
“Here’s the thing with emergency money:More is always better,” best-selling author and co-founder of AE Wealth Management David Bach tells CNBC Make It.“You hear all the time experts say,you should have three months of expenses set aside.Well,it depends.In the recession,when people lost their jobs,three months of expenses set aside wasn’t enough.”
Meanwhile,other research has found that 60 percent of millennials don’t have enough money to cover a $1,000 emergency.
In addition to building your emergency fund,you should aim to put around 15 percent of your income towards retirement savings,according to the financial services company Fidelity.
If you want to put more away each month,start by cutting back on Americans,three biggest expenses:housing,transportation and food.You can also research ways to trim(削减) your budget and look into strategies for boosting your income.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过图表介绍了美国人在各个年龄段的储蓄金额。
1.According to the chart,for those between 35 and 44,who have the most in savings
A.Singles with children.
B.Singles without children.
C.Couples with children.
D.Couples without children.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据柱状图可知,35~44岁的人群中,有孩子的夫妇存款最多。故选C项。
2.According to Greg McBride,at least how much money should be set aside for a family with only one person who earns money
A.3 months’ expenses.
B.6 months’ expenses.
C.9 months’ expenses.
D.12 months’ expenses.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中Greg McBride所说的话可知,对于只有一人养家糊口的家庭,要预留9~12个月的花费,所以至少要有9个月。
3.Which column of a newspaper is this article probably from
A.Business and trade.
B.Saving and investing.
C.Health and wellness.
D.Employment and retirement.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据全文大意,文章通过图表介绍了美国人在各个年龄段的储蓄金额,可以推断这篇文章应该来自报纸中的“Saving and investing(储蓄和投资)”专栏。
B
(2024广东惠州一模)
As a child,John always wondered how the human body worked and how he could keep it healthy.His interest in medicine grew stronger when he volunteered at a children’s hospital during high school.The never-give-up spirit of young patients battling against various illnesses massively affected him.Initially,he chose nursing in college,believing it would lead him to work closely with children.But after his first half year,he recognized nursing wasn’t fit for him.
Switching to biology helped him discover his passion for learning about the complexities of human body and using that knowledge to help children.Although the thought of the lengthy education and residency required for pediatrics(儿科学) made him hesitant,a heart-to-heart conversation with his brother changed his mind.His brother convinced John that his passion should motivate him rather than scare him.It was then that John decided to become a pediatrician because of the simple fact that he would work with children every day,and would make a positive impact on their lives and their families.
Pediatrics is not just about regular check-ups,it also includes making sick kids feel better and helping them heal.This brings so much joy to John’s heart.To him,he is not only a doctor but also a teacher,offering a safe space for the little ones to open up and share their fears or concerns.Plus,he really enjoys being a friendly and easy-to-talk-to person in their lives.
Being a pediatrician gives John the rewarding experience of helping and interacting with children daily and making those little ones’ tough times easier.Also,the changing world of healthcare means he’ll always be learning new things and facing exciting challenges.With his future plans,he wants to get into the field of being a physician assistant—a stepping stone that keeps him involved in pediatric care while still engaged in direct interaction with young patients.It allows him to do lots of the same things as a pediatrician,as well as helps him improve skills that are vital for making kids healthier.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John从小对人体的运作和健康感兴趣,高中时在儿童医院志愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最初选择护理,但转学生物后,他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。
4.What can we learn about John from the first paragraph
A.He began to have an interest in medicine during high school.
B.He decided to work on nursing after graduation from college.
C.He got inspired by young patients when volunteering at a hospital.
D.He was curious about how the doctors work to keep people healthy.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The never-give-up spirit of young patients battling against various illnesses massively affected him.”可知,从第一段中可了解到John在医院做义工时受到年轻病人的启发。
5.Why did John choose the career as a pediatrician
A.To learn about the complexities of human body.
B.To bring about improvements in children’s lives.
C.To get rewarding experience of helping children.
D.To face the challenges making him hesitant and scared.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It was then that John decided to become a pediatrician...on their lives and their families.”可知,John选择了儿科医生的职业是因为他想改善儿童的生活。
6.Which of the following best describes John’s feeling towards being a pediatrician
A.Excited but tired.
B.Worthy but stressful.
C.Proud and delighted.
D.Concerned and moved.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“This brings so much joy to John’s heart.”以及第四段中“Being a pediatrician gives John...making those little ones’ tough times easier.”可知,John对成为一名儿科医生的感受是自豪和喜悦的。
7.What’s the text mainly about
A.John’s journey of pursuing a career in pediatrics.
B.John’s challenges and rewards as a pediatrician.
C.A comparison between pediatricians and nurses.
D.The importance of improving the health of children.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“It was then that John decided to become a pediatrician...on their lives and their families.”并结合全文可知,文章主要讲述了John从小对人体的运作和健康感兴趣,高中时在儿童医院志愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最初选择护理,但转学生物后,他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。A项具有高度概括性,符合全文语境。故选A项。
C
(2024安徽合肥二模)
Some languages are rapid-fire and others more unhurried but there is no difference in the speed at which information is shared,according to the new research.
The world’s 7000 or so languages differ greatly not only in their range of available phonemes—the units of sound that make up speech,but also in the pace at which these building blocks are thrown together in speech.But the new research into the information content in speech shows that languages allow their speakers to communicate about the same amount of information per second despite wide variations in the speed of speech.
To understand this better,researchers led by Christophe Coupé from the University of Lyon and Yoon Oh from the University of Canterbury studied recordings of 170 native adult speakers of 17 European and Asian languages.Each speaker read a set of standardized texts containing about 240,000 syllables(音节).The researchers found that the fastest language hit 9.1 syllables per second,and the slowest a mere 4.3.But this was cancelled out by the amount of information,measured in bits,that each syllable contained.This varied significantly from 4.8 bits per syllable for Basque to 8.0 bits per syllable for Vietnamese.
The study found languages that pack a lot of information into sounds and syllables tend to be spoken more slowly,while those with a low information density(密度) are delivered more rapidly.While speech rate and information density fluctuate(波动) widely,the information rate—the speed at which information is delivered—stays consistently around 39.15 bits per second.
The researchers say this appears to represent a optimal(最佳的) rate for giving and receiving information.Languages seem to stably inhabit an optimal range of information rates,away from the extremes that can still be available to individual speakers.Of course,not everybody speaks at the optimal information rate.We all know people who talk too quickly or slowly,and the new research may cast light on why we find listening to them hard work.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言学领域的最新研究成果,尽管各语言语速各异,但信息传递效率却基本一致。
8.What has the new research found out
A.Languages tend to convey information with similar efficiency.
B.Languages have nearly the same range of available phonemes.
C.The number of languages has gradually decreased to about 7000.
D.The speed of speech is determined by the information content.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the new research into the information content in speech shows...the speed of speech.”可知,新研究发现语言倾向于以相似的效率传递信息。故选A项。
9.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.A further explanation of the research methods.
B.A brief introduction of the research process.
C.Potential application of the research findings.
D.Supporting evidence for the research results.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据文章第三段“To understand this better...for Basque to 8.0 bits per syllable for Vietnamese.”可知,第三段主要讲述了研究团队如何进行实验,包括他们选择的参与者、实验材料以及实验发现的一些具体数据,因此,这一段是对研究过程的简要介绍。
10.What can we learn from the finding of Christophe’s study
A.More words in speech convey more information.
B.The information rate remains at a reasonable level.
C.The speech rate can affect the information density.
D.Languages with more syllables are delivered faster.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段尾句可知,从Christophe的研究中我们能得知语言的信息率保持在合理水平。故选B项。
11.What can be inferred about the optimal information rate
A.It can lead to smooth communication.
B.It may result in the difficulty of listening.
C.It stays the same for individual speakers.
D.It prevents speakers from going to extremes.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Languages seem to...be available to individual speakers.”可推知,最优信息速率可以避开个体说话者的极端速率,能够使沟通顺畅。
D
A brown and dry lawn is not something many gardeners would boast about.But that is exactly the kind of yard competition organizers in Sweden were looking for when they launched the prize for the “World’s Ugliest Lawn”.People from around the world were invited to post pictures of their dehydrated(脱水的) grass to social media in a bid to win the uncertain honor.
The intention,according to those behind the project,was to raise awareness of “saving water on a global scale by changing the norm for green lawns”.Lawns,which can require large amounts of water to maintain,are coming under increasing examination as climate change makes periods of drought more frequent and intense.
The global initiative was launched on the official website for Gotland in Sweden.“Huge amounts of water are used to water lawns for aesthetics(美学).As the world gets warmer,lack of water in urban areas is projected to affect up to 2.4 billion people by 2050.By not watering lawns for aesthetic reasons,we can protect the availability of groundwater,” the competition organizers said.
The unlikely title has been awarded to Kathleen Murray who lives in Sandford in Tasmania,Australia.According to the organizers,Murray’s lawn “boasts deep and dry divots created by three wild bandicoots(袋狸) and not one dust-covered decimeter is wasted on watering”.Murray said in the press release about her triumph,“I am terribly proud!I knew I would have my 5 minutes of fame,even if it was for having the ugliest lawn on the planet!I am now free of ever taking care of my lawn again.”
A press release by the Gotland,office added,“For the planet and its declining stockpiles of life-giving liquid,thank you,Kathleen,as well as those naughty bandicoots damaging your lawn for the greater good.” Organizers added,“Gotland aims to show to Sweden and the world that sustainable behavior doesn’t have to be dull.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻稿。文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。
12.What can we say about the yard competition organized in Sweden
A.People had even doubted its authenticity.
B.People worldwide were unwilling to join.
C.Its participants must be professional gardeners.
D.Its entries must agree with the existing aesthetics.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一段内容可推测,该奖项不是常规奖项,所以人们甚至怀疑它的真实性。
13.What is the purpose of this yard competition
A.To call on people to protect lawns.
B.To encourage people to be creative.
C.To challenge the norm of aesthetics.
D.To remind people of water shortage.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由文章第二段内容可知,这场庭院比赛的目的是提醒人们注意缺水问题。
14.What does the underlined word “triumph” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Ambition. B.Success.
C.Sorrow. D.Barrier.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。由文章第四段中的“The unlikely title has been awarded to Kathleen Murray who lives in Sandford in Tasmania,Australia.”可知,Kathleen Murray获得“世界上最丑草坪”奖,所以画线单词的句子应表示Murray在新闻稿中谈到了她的获奖的成功,所以猜测triumph表“成功”。
15.What can be the best title for the text
A.People’s Whelming Reaction To A Yard Contest In Sweden
B.Lawns And Rare Bandicoots Calling For Urgent Protection
C.A Lawn Named The Ugliest Globally All For A Good Cause
D.The World’s Ugliest Lawn Unaccepted By The Whole World
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。由文章第一段内容以及下文可知,文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者为了提醒人们注意缺水问题,推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。所以C项“A Lawn Named The Ugliest Globally All For A Good Cause(一块草坪被评为全球最丑陋草坪,只为做一件好事)”符合语境。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024江西新余二模)
How long does it take to become an elite(精英) in your field 16 That’s what John Hayes,a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University,wanted to know.
For decades,Hayes has been investigating the role of effort,practice and knowledge in top performers. 17 The research focused on people like Mozart and Picasso—to determine how long it took them to become world-class at their craft.
Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world-class performers.And more importantly,let’s discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become your best.
18 He analyzed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900.The central question that drove his work was,“How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world-class ” Eventually,Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of “masterworks” in the field,which were created by a total of 76 composers.
Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career. 19 What he discovered was that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after the tenth year of the composer’s career.Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular. 20
In follow-up studies,Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular poets.These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K.Anders Ericsson,who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10,000 hours” to become an elite or expert in your field.
A.It takes time to achieve your goals.
B.And what do people like doing in their spare time
C.He has studied the most talented creators in history.
D.Hayes started his research by examining successful composers.
E.Professor Hayes began to refer to this period as the “ten years of silence”.
F.And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us
G.And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular works.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了John Hayes教授对于成为顶级精英所需时间的研究。通过分析莫扎特、毕加索等大师的作品,Hayes发现几乎所有杰作都是在创作者生涯的第十年后诞生的,强调了“十年沉默期”的重要性。
16.F 上文“How long does it take to become an elite(精英) in your field ”以及下文“That’s what John Hayes,a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University,wanted to know.”说明John Hayes想要知道需要多久能成为所在领域的精英。空处和上文并列提出关于精英的问题,并引出下文。F项“成功人士与我们其他人有什么不同之处 ”符合语境。
17.C 上文“For decades,Hayes has been investigating the role of effort,practice and knowledge in top performers.”说明Hayes教授多年研究顶尖表演者所付出的努力、练习和知识的作用。空处顺接上文,继续说明他的研究特点或范围,并引出下文。C项中的He指代上文中的Hayes,“the most talented creators”和下文中的“people like Mozart and Picasso”相呼应,所以C项“他研究了历史上最有才华的创作者。”符合语境。
18.D 设空处下文说明本段主要介绍了John Hayes研究了世界级表演者,以及如何利用这些见解实现目标。所以D项“Hayes的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合语境,适合引出本段,该项中的“by examining successful composers”和下文中的“He analyzed thousands of musical pieces”相呼应。
19.G 上文“Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer’s career.”说明Hayes绘制了每位作曲家的职业生涯时间线。空处顺承上文,进一步描述他之后的分析步骤。G项中的they 指代上文中的“composers”,说明John Hayes计算了作曲家们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。所以G项“然后他计算了他们创作流行作品之前下了多长时间功夫。”符合语境。
20.E 上文“Not a single person produced incredible work...something that became popular.”说明几乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家职业生涯的第十年后产生的。空处对前面的现象进行总结性命名。E项中的“this period”指代上文中的“work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular”,所以E项“Hayes教授开始将这段时期称为‘十年沉默期’。”符合语境。故选E项。满分练(五) 阅读理解+七选五阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024湖南岳阳二模)
Rewards at West Exe School
West Exe School is a fully inclusive comprehensive secondary school.Listed below are the ways the school celebrate success with students,parents and staff during the academic year.
Merit Badges
Merit Badges are awarded in line with the student qualities.E.g.,when a student reaches 200 merits in a semester for being kind,they receive their kind merit badge.The West Exe shield is awarded to students who have achieved all six merit badges.
The Golden Ticket
Every two weeks,all members of staff have a “Golden Ticket” which they can award to any student who has displayed what the student qualities stand for.There will be a bi-weekly focus on one of the student qualities as positive reinforcement.The golden tickets awarded are then placed in a prize draw,for prizes suggested by the student body.
Punctuality Award
Students who are on time for every lesson across the week will be entered into a prize draw.This is to promote the importance of punctuality in school and in life.
Headteacher Reward
Headteacher Reward is given to students who have been nominated(提名) by staff members every month for demonstrating the qualities,behaviors and values of what it means to be an exceptional West Exe Student.They are also awarded to students who have shown exceptional achievement,either in school or as part of an extracurricular activity.This includes a certificate and pen,with a letter going home to parents to share news of the young person’s achievement.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了West Exe School的几个奖项。
1.Which of the following rewards is given most frequently
A.Merit Badges.
B.The Golden Ticket.
C.Punctuality Award.
D.Headteacher Reward.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。题目询问最频繁的奖励是什么。Merit Badges是“in a semester”;The Golden Ticket是“Every two weeks”;Punctuality Award是“across the week”;Headteacher Reward是“every month”,故选C项。
2.What do we know about Headteacher Reward
A.All staff members can be nominated for the award.
B.Students rewarded will receive a certificate and a letter.
C.Parents of the students awarded will be honored with a letter.
D.Only students making outstanding achievements in school can be awarded.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Headteacher Reward部分的最后一句“This includes a certificate and pen,with a letter going home to parents to share news of the young person’s achievement.”可知,学生的父母会收到学校的一封表扬孩子的信。故选C项。
3.Where is the text probably taken from
A.A school website.
B.A news report.
C.A travel leaflet.
D.A book review.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Listed below are the ways the school celebrate success with students,parents and staff during the academic year.”可知,文章介绍的是West Exe School的几个奖项,所以文章应该来自学校网站。
B
(2024山东泰安二模)
It’s been nearly seven years since a group of volunteers broke ground at What Cheer Flower Farm in Providence,Rhode Island,with a simple goal:get flowers into the hands of anyone in need of a pick-me-up.Best of all,each one of the tens of thousands of bouquets that What Cheer grows and delivers are completely free of charge.
“We want to blanket the state with flowers and create happiness and joy,” says Erin Achenbach,What Cheer’s farmer and head florist.
What Cheer regularly delivers joy to people at local hospitals,food banks,senior centers,recovery centers and more—including AIDS Care Ocean State,which provides support to those affected by HIV.
“Seeing the smiles on people’s faces who weren’t expecting it—who just came in to have a meeting with their case manager or take advantage of one of our programs—to just see this glow come off their faces is great,” says Stephen Hogan Jr.from AIDS Care Ocean State.
Located in Providence’s industrial Olneyville neighborhood,What Cheer’s flower beds lie on 2.7 acres that once housed a knife factory.And it’s safe to say that the What Cheer crew is deserving of some flowers of their own:In May,the nonprofit was awarded a record-high $500,000 grant from the Environmental Protection Agency for its continued revival of a land once abandoned because of industrial pollution.
“Not only do we give this space back to the neighborhood by bringing life to space that’s quite literally dead,” says Achenbach,“but we’re an eco-landing spot with the ability to help local insect and bird populations,and that’ll only make people’s lives better.” What cheer,indeed!
“What’s good about a flower is that it doesn’t need anything else,” she adds.“Your only job when someone gives you flowers is to enjoy them.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一群志愿者在罗德岛的What Cheer Flower Farm开始了土地开垦,他们的目标是把花送到任何需要好心情的人手中。
4.What was the original purpose of What Cheer
A.To donate money to those in need.
B.To present people with flowers for free.
C.To protect the surrounding environment.
D.To develop new flowers and distribute them.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由文章第一段内容可知,What Cheer最初的目的是向需要的人免费赠送鲜花。
5.Why could What Cheer obtain a high grant
A.It ranked as the local largest flower bed.
B.It helped patients recover from illnesses.
C.It delivered remarkable joy to local people.
D.It was transformed into an eco-friendly area.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由文章第五段中的“And it’s safe to say...because of industrial pollution.”可知,What Cheer能获得高额资助是因为它将一片因工业污染而被废弃的土地转变成了环保区域。
6.What can be inferred from Achenbach
A.The success of What Cheer can’t be copied.
B.What Cheer improves the well-being of locals.
C.What Cheer attempts to return the land to locals.
D.Enjoying flowers should be advocated every day.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段内容可知,What Cheer不仅给社区带来了生机,还成了对当地昆虫和鸟类种群有帮助的生态栖息地,这将使人们的生活变得更好,可以推断出,What Cheer提高了当地居民的福祉。
7.Which of the following does the experience of What Cheer convey
A.Still water runs deep.
B.Think twice before acting.
C.God help those who help themselves.
D.The roses in her hand;the flavor in mine.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是由文章前两段可知,What Cheer的经历传达了一个信息:通过将废弃的工业用地转变为对环境有益的花田,并为人们带去快乐,它体现了“予人玫瑰,手留余香”的精神。因此,选项D最能体现这种给予奉献的美好寓意。故选D项。
C
(2024广东广州二模)
My father started learning French at 57,drawn by the potential benefits of bilingualism(双语能力) in delaying dementia(失智症).Now,20 years later,he’s on his third teacher.Many people like my father have attempted to pick up a new language.But can this really boost brain health
According to experts,regularly using a new language brings cognitive(认知) benefits.If you’re trying to recall the right words in another language,your brain is forced to inhibit your mother tongue.This process,called cognitive inhibition,helps improve your brain function.Repeating this process makes your brain more resistant to diseases like dementia.The more you challenge your brain,the better it functions,even if your brain health starts to decline.
However,evidence for the benefits of learning a second language in your 60s is weaker.Research by Dr.Leo Antoniou found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any difference in their cognition scores,but people who didn’t saw their scores decline.Prof.Diana Smith’s 2023 studies found similar results.
Researchers offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results.One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers,probably of high cognitive level for their age,making it hard to see any improvements.“When choosing participants,we have to be careful,are they really representative of the population ” said Dr.Judith Ware.Another is that the language interventions were perhaps too short.These studies have used language lessons that “were very different in their length and frequency,” said Prof.Laura Grossman.
To Dr.Antoniou,the limited findings are not entirely surprising.No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life.But he does think that language lessons can provide cognitive benefits by being cognitively stimulating.
Perhaps more important,Prof.Grossman said,learning another language offers other potential advantages,like traveling or connecting with new communities.My father,for example,has remained pen friends with his first teacher and traveled to France numerous times.
And at 76,he’s as sharp as ever.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了学习新语言是否能提高大脑健康,尤其是对于年纪较大的人来说,是否能延缓失智症的发生。
8.What happens in the process of “cognitive inhibition”
A.Memory improves.
B.Brain health worsens.
C.Dementia is cured.
D.Native language is held back.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“If you’re trying to...called cognitive inhibition,helps improve your brain function.”可知,认知抑制的过程中,母语被抑制。
9.Which is a possible explanation for the disappointing research results
A.The poor choice of research participants.
B.The great length of the language course.
C.The intervention of the first language.
D.The age difference of the research subjects.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“One is that...making it hard to see any improvements.”可知,研究结果不尽人意的一个可能的解释是研究参与者的选择不佳。
10.Whose opinion does the author support by mentioning his father’s experience
A.Leo Antoniou’s.
B.Diana Smith’s.
C.Laura Grossman’s.
D.Judith Ware’s.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第六段尾句和第七段内容可知,作者通过提到他父亲的经历来支持Laura Grossman的观点,即学习另一种语言提供了其他潜在的优势,如旅行或与新的社区建立联系。
11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Is it never too late to learn a new language
B.Can learning a new language delay dementia
C.Why does my father start learning a new language
D.How does learning a new language benefit aging brain
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的“My father started learning French at 57,drawn by the potential benefits of bilingualism(双语能力) in delaying dementia(失智症).”以及“But can this really boost brain health ”可知,短文的最佳标题为“学习一门新语言能延缓失智症吗 ”。
D
(2024山东潍坊二模)
I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation.It is going to sell well,because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children’s development many parents are led to believe.However,the book’s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children’s brains and causing the epidemic(流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.Worse,the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract(分心) us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental-health crisis in young people.
Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt.Our efforts have produced a mix of no,small and mixed associations.Most data are correlative.When associations over time are found,they suggest not that social-media use predicts or causes depression,but that young people who already have mental-health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers.
We are not alone here.Several analyses and systematic reviews centralize on the same message.An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well-being and social media globally.Moreover,studies from some authorities finds no evidence of intense changes associated with digital-technology use.
As a psychologist studying children’s and adolescents’ mental health,I appreciate parents’ frustration(沮丧) and desire for simple answers.As a parent of adolescents,I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting.There are,however,no simple answers.The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors.
More young people are talking openly about their mental-health struggles than ever before.But insufficient services are available to address their needs.In the United States,there is,on average,one school psychologist for every 1,119 students.We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence-based solutions can offer.Unfortunately,our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need,and deserve,more.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为《焦虑的一代》一书提出的数字技术导致儿童大脑重构和精神健康危机的观点缺乏科学依据。作者强调,精神障碍的成因复杂,需要基于科学和证据的解决方案,而不是简单归咎于社交媒体。
12.What is presented in The Anxious Generation
A.Scary stories affect children’s brains.
B.Parents are responsible for children’s health.
C.Teen’s mental illness results from screen time.
D.The epidemic of mental illness is unavoidable.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,the book’s repeated suggestion...mental illness is unsupported by science.”可知,该书重复暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑,并导致精神健康问题的流行。C项与该描述相一致。故选C项。
13.What does “the same message” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Many countries do research in mental health.
B.Well-being and social media are closely related.
C.The young are trapped in the mental-health crisis.
D.Social media don’t necessarily cause mental illness.
答案 D
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词前面一段中的内容“When associations over time are found...or in different ways from their healthy peers.”以及画线词后面的内容“An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well-being and social media globally.”可知,“同样的信息”指的是社交媒体并不一定导致心理健康问题。通过在72个国家进行的一项分析显示,在全球范围内,幸福感和社交媒体之间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。故画线词指代的是社交媒体的使用与心理健康之间无必然联系。
14.What is implied in the last paragraph
A.Effective actions need to be taken.
B.Positive stories should be shared.
C.Financial support needs to be provided.
D.Broader research should be done.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We have a generation in crisis...support young people who need,and deserve,more.”可知,对于年轻人的心理健康问题,我们正在浪费时间讲述没有研究支持的故事,而这些故事对需要帮助的年轻人并没有帮助,这暗示我们需要采取有效的行动来解决这个问题。
15.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To suggest ways to help those in need.
B.To encourage parents to brave the crisis.
C.To recommend a newly-published book.
D.To give a voice to children’s mental issues.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I had to say something...causing the epidemic(流行病) of mental illness is unsupported by science.”和最后一段中“Unfortunately,our time is being...who need,and deserve,more.”以及通读全文可知,整篇文章都在批评一本书的观点,并强调需要科学和证据支持的解决方案,而不应该把时间浪费在没有科学研究支持的结论中,由此表明作者的目的是引导人们对儿童心理健康问题以及真正引发该问题的原因进行关注和理解。D项“To give a voice to children’s mental issues.”符合作者的目的。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024江西景德镇三模)
A few years ago,the scientists Claudia Townsend at the University of Miami and Suzanne Shu at UCLA Anderson School of Management conducted a simple investigation into how aesthetics(美学) influences our investment decisions.
They randomly assigned 255 students to receive an annual corporate report.One of these reports was aesthetically pleasing— 16 The other report was far less attractive.After leafing through these two reports—both of which contained the exact same factual information—the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable selling price for shares of the company. 17
If investors were rational agents,then the look of the report shouldn’t have mattered—they should be responding only to its content. 18 Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document insisted on an average selling price of $327.01 per share.Those shown less pretty document,meanwhile,concluded that the company’s shares were worth only $162.41.This research suggests that the design of the annual report can significantly influence our sense of value.
19 In recent years,scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our perceptions of trust.Do we find prettier websites more trustworthy There’s no logical reason why that would be the case,of course,but the human mind is full of illogical peculiarity.So far,the evidence suggests that the look of a site is highly correlated with our ratings of trust, 20 In a paper,researchers showed that our first impressions of a website—they showed subjects screen shots for fifty milliseconds,which is too fast for conscious awareness—shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness.
A.But it is not true.
B.it had high-quality images and a clear layout.
C.And this pattern doesn’t apply to other aspects.
D.a phenomenon often referred to as “the halo effect”(光环效应).
E.When it comes to user assessments of design,function follows form.
F.While Townsend and Shu looked at paper reports,the same logic applies to websites.
G.Actually,they are required to value the company based on the information in the annual report.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究者发现美学影响我们的投资决策,公司年度报告的外观会影响应试者对公司股价的估计,相同的逻辑也适用于网页。
16.B 根据上文“They randomly assigned 255 students to receive an annual corporate report.One of these reports was aesthetically pleasing”和下文“The other report was far less attractive.”可知,这份报告很美观,有吸引力,因此推断B项符合语境,解释了有吸引力的原因。
17.G 根据上文“the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable selling price for shares of the company”可知,此处是指对公司股票的估价,所以G项承接上文,符合语境。
18.A 根据上文“If investors were rational agents,then the look of the report shouldn’t have mattered—they should be responding only to its content.”和下文“Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document... influence our sense of value.”可知,此处是指事实并不像上文中提到的那样,所以A项切合文意。
19.F 根据下文“In recent years,scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our perceptions of trust.Do we find prettier websites more trustworthy ”可知,此处是指相同的逻辑也适用于网页,所以F项切合文意。
20.D 根据上文“So far,the evidence suggests that the look of a site is highly correlated with our ratings of trust”和下文“In a paper...shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness.”可知,到目前为止,有证据表明,网站的外观与我们的信任度高度相关,我们对网站的第一印象塑造了我们随后的对其的信任度。D项符合语境。
