考点分类练(一) 细节理解题(1)
(分值:27.5分 时间:25分钟)
Passage 1 (2024山东青岛三模)
主题:虚拟读书俱乐部 词数:263 难度:★★☆☆☆
Join the Virtual Book Club
Join our virtual community,which will introduce you to fellow alumni (校友) across industries,generations,and geographies all while gaining different perspectives by reading the book.
Why Join
Reading is good for you.It can reduce stress and increase your emotional intelligence and your creativity.The facilitated book club will also provide new insights to make you more effective in areas including leadership and communication skills,which will help you become a lifelong learner.
How It Works
Joining is completely free.You just have to get a copy of the book to enjoy.Then you can participate anywhere you have Internet access and on days and at times that are convenient for you.
The book club will connect through a private forum where all participants can discuss the current book and network with each other.It will have a leader from Professional Book Club (PBC) Guru who manages the forum,shares relevant articles and at facilitates conversations about topics in the book.Members will be encouraged to post and share as well.
The Books
The book club will read one book every two months so that you’ll have plenty of time for each book.We will vote among several options each period and decide on the book to read according to reader interests.Feel free to name specific titles and include things like “not too technical” or “easy but informative reads”.Our May to July Selection:Demon Copperhead by Barbara Kingsolver.If you have between 1 and 1.5 hours a week to read,you should be fine.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个虚拟读书俱乐部的相关信息。
1.What is probably the main reason for joining the club
A.To meet schoolmates.
B.To improve academic performance.
C.To raise health level.
D.To embrace continuous learning.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据Why Join部分的“The facilitated book club will also provide new insights to make you more effective in areas including leadership and communication skills,which will help you become a lifelong learner.”可知,加入俱乐部的主要原因可能是为了接受持续的学习。
2.What are you expected to do in the club
A.Download the book in advance.
B.Have online discussions.
C.Manage public forums.
D.Post personal experiences.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据How It Works部分的“The book club will connect through a private forum where all participants can discuss the current book and network with each other.”可知,你需要在俱乐部中进行在线讨论。
3.On what basis does the club select the book to read
A.Reader interests.
B.Sales volume.
C.Writer’s popularity.
D.Expert recommendations.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据The Books部分的“We will vote among several options each period and decide on the book to read according to reader interests.”可知,俱乐部选择阅读书籍的基础是读者的兴趣。
Passage 2 (2024贵州贵阳一模)
主题:闾山的转变 词数:375 难度:★★★☆☆
The Luling Mountains in Jinzhou,Liaoning Province,used to be a deserted area without even a single tree.Now,it is a leafy paradise for birds,and tourists are flooding in.The huge transformation has occurred thanks to the consistent efforts of Tian Wangui,67,and his wife Lu Min,63,over nearly half a century.
In 1982,the couple contracted the land-use rights of the two mountains near their home.They intended to plant fruit trees in the mountains to make a living.Back then,the mountains were deserted with no trees at all.To help the seedlings(树苗) they planted survive in the barren(贫瘠的) land,the couple had to carry water to the mountains on their backs.They also bought whatever seeds were available from a nearby forest farm and spread them every spring,hoping to afforest the mountains.With such an extensive planting method,however,they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.But the couple didn’t give up.
The couple’s perseverance finally paid off.They discovered that some tree species were tough enough to survive,including pine and mulberry.Now,more than 50,000 trees of over 20 species cover the land they contracted,following their consistent efforts to sow tree seeds year after year.
As the mountains became lush(郁郁葱葱),Tian and Lu were charged with a new task—patrolling(巡逻) their nearly 67 hectares of forest every day to prevent fires.The patrol even didn’t stop on the eve of last year’s Chinese Lunar New Year.Instead of watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala on Jan.21st like most Chinese,the couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son and daughter.“Many people set off fireworks to mark the arrival of the new year,so the holiday is a time when we have to stay cautious against fire threats,” Tian said.
The couple has no plans to quit their work,and they hope their children will follow in their footsteps.“We cherish the mountains and trees as we cherish our own children,” Lu said.“Even as we grow old,they will continue to patrol the woods and watch over the birds.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了辽宁省锦州市闾山由一片荒芜变成树木繁茂的鸟类天堂的转变过程。
4.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A.The mountains.
B.The forest farm.
C.The poor couple.
D.The tough condition.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Back then,the mountains were deserted with no trees at all.To help the seedlings they planted survive in the barren land,the couple had to carry water to the mountains on their backs.”以及“With such an extensive planting method,however,they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.”可知,第二段主要讲的是艰苦的环境,故选D项。
5.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A.More than 20 species were sowed every year.
B.Pine and mulberry cannot survive on the land.
C.Their continuous efforts eventually worked.
D.They bought 50,000 trees according to the contract.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,这对夫妇的持续努力有了回报,故选C项。
6.Which of the following can best describe the couple
A.Honest and hardworking.
B.Curious and brave.
C.Determined and persevering.
D.Friendly and intelligent.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“With such an extensive planting method,however,they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.But the couple didn’t give up.”以及倒数第二段中的“The patrol even didn’t stop on the eve of last year’s Chinese Lunar New Year.Instead of watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala on Jan.21st like most Chinese,the couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son and daughter.”可推理出,这对夫妇是坚定不移、持之以恒的,故选C项。
7.Why do the couple decide to continue their work
A.They regard the mountains as their children.
B.They want their children to succeed their career.
C.They can earn much money from the mountains.
D.They have a life-long contract with the government.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,这对夫妻决定继续他们的工作是因为他们把大山看成是他们的孩子,故选A项。
Passage 3 (2024河南新乡二模)
主题:沙漠变成种植园 词数:377 难度:★★★★☆
Climate change is causing more areas to turn into deserts.This issue is affecting the lives of 250 million people as land that used to be good for farming becomes dry and unproductive.Around one-third of the world’s land is impacted,including regions in Africa,southern Europe,Asia and America.
Sand to Green is a Moroccan company that can transform a patch of desert into a sustainable and profitable plantation in five years,according to Wissal Ben Moussa,its co-founder and chief agricultural officer.The solution is using agroforestry (农林业) to create a new kind of agriculture that is sustainable and that can be resilient (有适应力的) in front of climate change.
The system can be set up close to any source of salty water,which Sand to Green cleans using energy from the sun.It then grows different types of fruit trees and plants together in the same area—a method called mixed planting—and waters the plants’ roots directly with the cleaned water,to reduce water loss to the air.The soil is regenerated using what Sand to Green calls “green manure”,a mixture that includes compost,biochar(生物炭) and microorganisms that help the soil “wake up”.Biochar is a form of charcoal that can help dry soil hold on to water.
In a five-hectare trial in southern Morocco that’s been running since 2017,Sand to Green has tried out a variety of plants in search of the best performers.Among the intercropping herbs (草本植物) that have been successfully trialed are rosemary,geranium,vetiver and citronella,which Ben Moussa describes as “very low-maintenance and very high-profit”.
Sand to Green is now working to scale up to a 20-hectare commercial site,also in southern Morocco.It says a site of that size would cost around $475,000 to set up and would start bringing financial returns in about five years.
According to Ben Moussa,with this system they create biodiversity,which means better soil,healthier crops and a bigger yield.The plantation can generate 1.5 times more yield,thus making more money than a farm that grows only one type of crop in the same space.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致越来越多的地区变成沙漠。这一问题正在影响2.5亿人的生活,因为过去适合耕种的土地变得干旱和贫瘠。摩洛哥的一家公司可以在五年内将一片沙漠变成一个可持续的、有利可图的种植园。
8.What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1
A.Deforestation. B.Desertification.
C.Global warming. D.Urbanization.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者在第一段描述了沙漠化的现象。
9.Why did Sand to Green use agroforestry
A.To preserve the crop’s survival rate.
B.To protect water from pollution.
C.To make a new type of soil.
D.To help people adapt to climate change.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The solution is using agroforestry to create a new kind of agriculture that is sustainable and that can be resilient in front of climate change.”以及第三段中“The soil is regenerated using what Sand to Green calls ‘green manure’,a mixture that includes compost,biochar and microorganisms that help the soil ‘wake up’.”可知,“Sand to Green”采用农林业是因为可以保持作物的存活率。
10.What can we learn about Sand to Green
A.It aims to plant more trees.
B.It earns a good reputation.
C.It develops new plants.
D.It produces good results.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Among the intercropping herbs that have been successfully trialed are rosemary,geranium,vetiver and citronella,which Ben Moussa describes as ‘very low-maintenance and very high-profit’.”可推知,“从沙到绿”产生了良好的效果。
11.What does the underlined phrase “scale up” mean in paragraph 5
A.Expand. B.Object.
C.Refer. D.Prefer.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“In a five-hectare trial...since 2017”及第五段中“to a 20-hectare commercial site”可知,此处为“Sand to Green”目前正在努力将试验区由5公顷扩大到20公顷的商业用地。故可猜测画线短语scale up为“扩大”的意思,与A项Expand“扩大”意思一致。考点分类练(二) 细节理解题(2)
Passage 1 (2024福建厦门三模)
主题:洛杉矶的自行车商店 词数:313
难度:★★★☆☆
Los Angeles is home to a popular cycling culture.The following bike shops will help you see the city in a whole new light.
Los Angeles Bike Academy
Los Angeles Bike Academy is a bike shop with a critical mission:Provide resources and community for local underserved youth.Its initiative is its Earn-a-Bike program,where students spend time in the shop learning the basics of bike maintenance and running a store,and they graduate with their own bike.LABA also forms competitive cycling teams that race all around the country.
The Cub House
It’s a bike shop,a plant store and a nice place to wander through.It has something for everyone.Here you can play a game of ping-pong on the outdoor table,head into the mini greenhouse for a delicate plant,or just admire the vintage(老式的) cycling clothes hung on the walls.Finally,make sure to swing by the Cub House for the L.A.Invitational,a weekend party featuring multiple bike rides and a vintage car and bike show outside the store.
Frank’s
Some of the wildest bikes in L.A.are rolling out of Frank’s.The house specialty here is BMX,specifically luxury models with large 29-inch wheels.These bikes are as much fun to look at as they are to ride.Since 1992,Frank’s has found a business opportunity for itself as a destination for BMX builds and hard-to-find parts.The display counter has enough attractions to match a jewelry store.
The Bicycle Stand
This spacious store features classic vintage bikes.It’s worth making a trip to this store just to see their amazing collection.The store also specializes in vintage bike repainting and restorations.Besides,the Bicycle Stand team works on all kinds of rides,and the shop has a variety of refurbished (翻新的),ready-to-ride bikes for sale.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶的几家自行车商店。
1.What is special about Los Angeles Bike Academy
A.It aims at repairing local bikes.
B.It holds national cycling competitions.
C.It serves as a community for disabled youth.
D.It offers a program for students to earn a bike.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Los Angeles Bike Academy部分的“Its initiative is its Earn-a-Bike program,where students spend time in the shop learning the basics of bike maintenance and running a store,and they graduate with their own bike.”可知,Los Angeles Bike Academy为学生提供了一个赚自行车的项目。
2.Which bike shop favors ping-pong lovers
A.Los Angeles Bike Academy.
B.The Cub House.
C.Frank’s.
D.The Bicycle Stand.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据The Cub House部分的“Here you can play a game of ping-pong on the outdoor table,head into the mini greenhouse for a delicate plant,or just admire the vintage cycling clothes hung on the walls.”可知,可以在The Cub House自行车店打乒乓球。
3.What is the purpose of the text
A.To discuss benefits of riding.
B.To explain how bike shops work.
C.To promote bike shops in L.A.
D.To introduce a riding organization.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶的几家自行车商店,由此可推知,文章的写作目的是推广洛杉矶的自行车商店。
Passage 2 (2024吉林长春三模)
主题:给陌生人写信 词数:324 难度:★★★☆☆
I was the only kid in college with a reason to go to the mailbox,because my mother never believed in e-mail,or cellphones in general.I was literally waiting to get a letter to see how the weekend had gone,which was usually the warmest comfort for me.
So when I moved to New York and got sucker-punched in the face by depression,I did the only thing I could think of—writing letters like my mother to strangers.I blogged about those letters and crazily promised I would write a handwritten letter to whoever asked me to.
Overnight,my inbox became this harbor of heartbreak—a single mother in Sacramento,a girl being bullied (恐吓) in rural Kansas...all asking me to write them a letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.And this is how the act The World Needs More Love Letters was born,fueled by those trips to the mailbox.But the thing about these letters is that most of them have been written by people,who have grown up into a paperless world where some best conversations happen swiftly on a screen.
I’ve been carrying this mail crate(大木箱) with me these days,which is a magical icebreaker.So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized(受精神创伤) from war in Afghanistan,and how she left love letters throughout the house as a way to say,“Come back to me.” And the man,who had decided to take his life,tonight slept safely with letters just beneath his pillow,handwritten by strangers who were there for him.
These are the kinds of stories that convince me that letter-writing will always be needed,even in these days,because it is an art now,all of it:the signing,the scripting,and the mailing.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者通过亲手写信的方式与陌生人交谈,给他们带去了安慰。
4.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.The author didn’t believe in e-mail.
B.Mom had been cheated by letters from strangers.
C.Communicating by writing letters was Mom’s favorite.
D.The author was attached to receiving letters from Mom.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者很喜欢收到妈妈的来信。
5.What inspired the author to launch the act
A.The letters’ comforting effect on people.
B.Her intention of providing professional aid.
C.The positive influence of modern technology.
D.Her mother’s fear of modern communication.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Overnight,my inbox became this harbor of heartbreak—a single mother in Sacramento,a girl being bullied in rural Kansas...all asking me to write them a letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.”可知,信件对人们的安慰作用激发了作者发起这项活动。
6.Why does the author call the mail crate “a magical icebreaker”
A.It melts ice easily on a cold day.
B.It serves as a tool for magic tricks.
C.It encourages people to recover from traumas.
D.It helps to start a conversation with passers-by.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized from war in Afghanistan,and how she left love letters throughout the house as a way to say,‘Come back to me.’And the man,who had decided to take his life,tonight slept safely with letters just beneath his pillow,handwritten by strangers who were there for him.”可知,作者称邮件箱为“神奇的破冰器”是因为它开启了和陌生人的交谈。
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Passion for Writing
B.Priceless Family Letters
C.Love Letters to Strangers
D.The Art of Writing Letters
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。短文叙述了作者通过亲手写信的方式与陌生人交谈,给他们带去了安慰。故短文的最佳标题为“写给陌生人的信”。
Passage 3 (2024江苏南京、盐城二模)
主题:接受焦虑 词数:341 难度:★★★★★
“Anxiety.” The very word invites discomfort.Its effects—shortness of breath,pounding heart,muscle tension—are outright upsetting.But,as a clinician,I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion.In and of itself,anxiety is not deadly,nor is it a disease.Quite the contrary:it is an indicator of brain and sensory health.Once we accept that it is a normal,though uncomfortable,part of life,we can use it to help us.
We all know working out at the gym is hard.By nature,a “good workout” is uncomfortable,since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience.Similarly,if you want to be emotionally stronger,you need to face some tension.For example,one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy(疗法),which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious,reducing fear over time.
Humans are social creatures.When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties,they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness.Also,as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches,when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g.,“I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”),it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.
From time to time,we find ourselves at the end of our rope.Our responsibilities pile up,our resources break down,and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress.Simply put,the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources,just like a set of scales(天平) going out of balance.Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results.Medical treatment for stress may function for a while,but it tends to make things worse in the long run.The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了焦虑虽然令人不舒服,但接受它对我们有帮助。
8.What does the author say about anxiety
A.It is an invitation to diseases.
B.It indicates stable mental health.
C.It costs us many valuable chances.
D.It is a natural emotional expression.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Quite the contrary:it is an indicator of brain and sensory health.Once we accept that it is a normal,though uncomfortable,part of life,we can use it to help us.”可知,焦虑是一种正常的情感表露。
9.Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2
A.To prove how exercise influences emotions.
B.To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.
C.To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.
D.To show a positive connection between mind and body.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By nature,a ‘good workout’ is uncomfortable,since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.”和“Similarly,if you want to be emotionally stronger,you need to face some tension.”可知,好的锻炼需要挑战身体的舒适区,同样,要想在情感上更坚强,有必要面对一些紧张,由此可推测出,提到“好的锻炼”是为了说明焦虑是如何帮助增强情感力量的。
10.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The key to closeness is partners’ support.
B.Sharing anxieties improves relationships.
C.Humans are defined by their social nature.
D.Expressing feelings keeps us off anxieties.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可推出,本段主要讲述了分享焦虑有助于改善人际关系。
11.According to the last paragraph,how can we deal with stress
A.Devote more energy to our work.
B.Increase resources available to us.
C.Seek professional medical treatment.
D.Master advanced mathematical skills.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Simply put,the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources,just like a set of scales going out of balance.”和“The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.”可知,对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源,所以天平失去了平衡,而唯一的方法是通过数学来平衡天平,由此可推测出,要增加可用的资源,以便达到平衡。
