考点分类练(七) 词句猜测题(1)
Passage 1 (2024广东韶关二模)
主题:在太行山路上投递邮件 词数:311
难度:★★★☆☆
For nearly two decades,a thin,sun-burnt postal worker could frequently be seen carrying packages along a dangerous mountain trail in the Taihang Mountains.
The 10-kilometer-long route,which is between 20 centimeters and 1 meter wide,is known as the “cat road” by locals,meaning that it is so dangerous that only cats could walk on it.Whereas,Zhao Yuefang,a postal worker in Ewu township in Huguan county,Shanxi Province,had to walk the route every day to deliver mail.
Every day at the crack of dawn,he would start his journey along the “cat road”.From picking up the day’s post to delivering it to villagers and returning along the same route,it took Zhao four days.During rainy and snowy seasons,the mountain road,part of which hugs the cliffs,would become slippery and dangerous.One day in the winter of 2003,the “cat road” was covered in thick snow and he slipped off the trail.Fortunately,he was able to stop his sharp descent by grabbing a tree branch and slowly managed to climb to safety.
By 2012,Zhao had walked more than 300,000 km and delivered over 800,000 pieces of mail.Born and raised in the deep mountains,Zhao truly understands the significance of mail deliveries to villagers.“They depend on the mail to keep in touch with the outside world,” he said.“Their sheer joy written on their face while receiving any post struck me,” he added.
In 2012,a 67-kilometer-long tourist highway was built and gone were those days when Zhao risked his life to walk on the “cat road”.But Zhao was even busier than before.“The number of packages I handle daily now exceeds the number I used to deal with in the past,” said Zhao,adding that villagers are turning to online shopping and ordering more and more goods by post.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。它讲述了一位名叫赵岳芳的邮政工作人员在太行山的危险山路上投递邮件的故事,通过描述他的工作经历和所面临的挑战,文章展现了其坚持不懈和奉献的精神。
1.Why is the mountain trail referred to as “cat road”
A.It’s shaped like a cat.
B.It’s intended for cats.
C.It is too narrow and risky.
D.It rains cats and dogs there.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The 10-kilometer-long route,which is between 20 centimeters and 1 meter wide,is known as the ‘cat road’ by locals,meaning that it is so dangerous that only cats could walk on it.”可知,因为这条路太窄,风险太大,只有猫才能在上面走,所以被称为“猫路”。
2.What does the word “descent” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Fall. B.Pain.
C.Turn. D.Landing.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“One day in the winter of 2003,the ‘cat road’ was covered in thick snow and he slipped off the trail.”并结合下文“grabbing a tree branch”可知,他滑下了小路,但是他抓住一根树枝,应是阻止了急剧的下降,推知descent意为“下降”,和A项意思相近。
3.According to the passage,which words can best describe Zhao
A.Persistent and dedicated.
B.Diligent and ambitious.
C.Considerate and confident.
D.Courageous and generous.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章前三段内容可知,赵岳芳20年来一直在太行山一条被称为“猫路”的危险山路上投递邮件,他坚持不懈、有奉献精神,即使路线危险也不放弃,因此最能描述他的词语是“Persistent and dedicated(坚持不懈和有奉献精神的)”。
4.What has always motivated Zhao’s enthusiasm for his job
A.The villagers’ respect for him.
B.His being born and raised there.
C.Today’s huge number of the packages.
D.The value of the deliveries to the locals.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,赵在深山出生、长大,他真切理解邮件投递对于村民的重要性,所以是邮件投递的价值一直激励着赵对工作的热情。
Passage 2 (2024山西临汾一模)
主题:古典音乐 词数:336 难度:★★★☆☆
Pullman is a superb writer and Seagull is a brilliant communicator.They had a debate after Seagull posted a question on his social media platform:“When you were trying to create an environment for learning,what were your best pieces of classical music to listen to ” He received hundreds of suggestions—and one negative reply,from Pullman:“That’s not what classical music is for.Treat it with respect.”
That did it!Everyone—professional musicians,students,teachers—weighed in on the argument,and the majority supported Seagull and were criticizing Pullman.
It’s easy to see why people are annoyed.We all want classical music to be as accessible as possible,especially to the young.If some of them are using Bach or Schubert as a tool to help them study,what’s the problem They may also develop an attachment to classical music.
So is Pullman ridiculous and supercilious by objecting to classical music being used as background music At first sight,his idea seems stuffy and extreme.By suggesting that classical music should be “treated with respect” and not used as background music,Pullman seems to be closing classical music to millions of people.
It’s worth pointing out,however,that he isn’t the first to express concerns about classical music being devalued by becoming too commonplace in today’s technologically-shaped world.In Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech,the composer expressed exactly the same worries as Pullman.Britten suggested,“The true musical experience demands some preparation,some effort,a journey to a special place,saving up for a ticket,some homework perhaps.”In short,it demands as much effort from listeners as from composers and performers.
I don’t agree with such an extreme viewpoint,but I do think it touches on a reality.You will never fully grasp the beauty of classical music if you half-hear it only in the background.That doesn’t necessarily matter.Music can be enjoyed on many levels.What Pullman and Britten are really saying is that,in a drive for “accessibility”,we shouldn’t deny the emotional and intellectual complexity underpinning (构成) much classical music.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了古典音乐的应用场景和价值,以及对于将古典音乐用作背景音乐的不同观点。
5.What did Seagull’s posting result in
A.Great admiration for Seagull.
B.Public criticism of classical music.
C.A discussion about learning environments.
D.An argument over the role of classical music.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章前两段内容可知,Seagull发帖的结果是引起了关于古典音乐作用的争论。
6.What does the underlined word “supercilious” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Self-important. B.Open-minded.
C.Impatient. D.Considerate.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“ridiculous and”可知,supercilious和ridiculous并列,为贬义词,以及下文“At first sight,his idea seems stuffy and extreme.By suggesting that classical music should be ‘treated with respect’ and not used as background music,Pullman seems to be closing classical music to millions of people.”可知,Pullman认为需要尊重古典音乐,所以推知Pullman认为将古典音乐作为背景音乐是荒谬和傲慢的,supercilious为“傲慢”之意,和A项“妄自尊大的”意思相近。
7.Why is the Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech mentioned
A.To show his affection for classical music.
B.To introduce young people to classical music.
C.To demonstrate classical music is demanding.
D.To support Pullman’s idea over classical music.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,作者提到了本杰明·布里顿1964年的演讲,是为了支持Pullman对古典音乐的看法。
8.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Pullman’s idea
A.Favorable. B.Doubtful.
C.Objective. D.Uninterested.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者既不同意Pullman极端的观点,但是也不认为将古典音乐作为背景音乐是合适的,因为你将永远无法完全领略古典音乐的美,所以他的态度是客观的。
Passage 3 (2024安徽池州二模)
主题:生活故事 词数:353 难度:★★★★★
How do we come to make sense of our daily lives How can we gain a strong grasp of who we really are and how we fit in the world And how can we naturally connect to important ones in our lives “Life stories are one of the prime tools we have for understanding ourselves and the world around us,” says Robyn Fivush,a professor at Emory University.
Humans are natural storytellers.We use stories to understand our present,draw insights from our past,and anticipate the future.Thus,storytelling is basic to our lives.As a form of rich engagement between family members,family storytelling should be valued more.Sharing bedtime stories and talks after school,or walking through an event that left a young child crying—these are all opportunities for parents and children to become closer through warmth,understanding and support.Fivush and her colleagues have underscored the value of storytelling in parenting.The ways parents support children’s emotions and help them retell more vivid,richly detailed stories have lasting impacts on children’s cognitive(认知的) and emotional development.
Children and teenagers learn how to talk about their lives from family stories.An early example is learning how to present a detailed story with a beginning,a middle,and an end—to give it a clear structure.Further,they learn what is appropriate to talk about or avoid and what feelings are appropriate to share over dinner or out with others.
When growing up,we use our life stories to build complex and stable views of ourselves.Through stories about the traditions maintained over the years,we make connections between past successes and failures,our relationships,and the activities that hold meaning to us to develop our new identities.These identities reflect our roles as family members,community members,co-workers and so on,thus helping us have a more complete view of ourselves.
Having a lasting impact on ourselves and those around us,life stories are filled with meaning,insight,and value.By the way,what’s the story that stands out to you from a recent meal or chat
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了生活故事在个人身份认同和情感发展中的作用,以及家庭讲故事对亲子关系的重要性。
9.Why does the writer ask three questions in the beginning
A.To explain a general idea.
B.To give background information.
C.To introduce an argument.
D.To report the finding of a study.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Life stories are one of the prime tools we have for understanding ourselves and the world around us”可推理出第一段使用了三个问题是为了引出“生活故事是我们了解自己和周围世界的主要工具之一”这一论点。
10.What does the underlined word “underscored” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Cast doubt on.
B.Attached importance to.
C.Shown concern for.
D.Thought poorly of.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词上文“Sharing bedtime stories and talks after school,or walking through an event that left a young child crying—these are all opportunities for parents and children to become closer through warmth,understanding and support.”以及下文“the value of storytelling in parenting”可推理出,画线词的含义为“重视”,故选B项。
11.How can life stories help form a complete view of ourselves according to the writer
A.By maintaining social ties.
B.By rebuilding our identities.
C.By connecting our past and future.
D.By learning from family members.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,通过讲述生活故事,我们可以建立起对自己的复杂而稳定的看法。通过讲述多年来保持的传统,我们可以将过去的成功和失败、我们的关系以及对我们有意义的活动联系起来,从而发展出我们的新身份。这些身份反映了我们作为家庭成员、社区成员、同事等的角色,从而帮助我们更全面地看待自己。
12.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A review on a storybook.
B.An advice letter for social life.
C.A guidebook to parenting.
D.An essay on the value of storytelling.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。文章开篇指出讲故事是理解日常生活和了解自我的重要工具,并通过 Fivush教授的观点以及家庭讲故事的例子说明了讲故事在生活中的重要性。然后文章介绍了家庭讲故事对孩子的影响,包括学习如何表达自己的生活、了解什么是适当的话题和情感表达等。接着文章提到了通过讲故事来建立自己的身份认同,并介绍了这种方式对个人认知和情感发展的影响。最后文章总结了讲故事对个人和周围人的重要性,并提出了一个问题,引导读者思考自己最近的经历中有什么突出的故事。可推理出,文章取自探讨讲故事的价值的文章,故选D项。考点分类练(八) 词句猜测题(2)
Passage 1 (2024江苏南京、盐城二模)
主题:个人故事 词数:316 难度:★★★☆☆
Emest Owusu was 13 in 1980 when he was given the opportunity to appear in the audience of a BBC show,and ask Thatcher how she felt about being called the Iron Lady.This encounter re-emerged in a BBC’s programme recently.
At the time of their meeting,Owusu was on free school meals,living on a public estate in Brixton,south London,where he and his sister were being raised by their mother Rose,a struggling hairdresser.
Now 57,Owusu looks remarkably similar even with a greying beard.But his life has been transformed.The father of three is a human resources director,and the first black captain of the Addington golf club in its 110-year history.As a black guy,it is about breaking the glass ceiling.Speaking in its clubhouse,Owusu describes his rise in social status (地位) as a “Thatcherite Journey”.And he says it began by asking the woman herself.“To this day it still has an impact.My confidence changed from that sliding-door moment.Something about her connected with me.”
Thatcher told Owusu she enjoyed being called the Iron Lady.“I think it’s rather a praise,don’t you ” she said,“because so often people have said to me,‘if you’re in your job you’ve got to be soft and warm and human,but you’ve got to have a touch of steel.’” Owusu recalls the moment,“I just remember her eye contact.She was answering me,not the camera.She welcomed the question saying ‘you’ve got to be firm in this world’.And that stuck with me.”
After the show was broadcast,Owusu said he became “a little hero in Brixton for a good three months”.Owusu added,“It all gave me extra confidence.Doors might not have opened so quickly.It was one of those key moments to make you do things maybe you wouldn’t otherwise have done.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是Emest Owusu受到Thatcher夫人的影响,从而改变了自己的人生。
1.What do we know about Owusu when he was 13
A.He met with Thatcher twice.
B.He joined a famous golf club.
C.He hosted a BBC’s programme.
D.He lived at the bottom of society.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Owusu 13岁时生活在社会的底层。
2.What do the underlined words “sliding-door moment” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Turning point.
B.Important decision.
C.Social status.
D.Remarkable achievement.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“To this day it still has an impact.My confidence changed”可知,从那一刻Owusu的信心改变了,说明那是一个转折点,sliding-door moment的意思是“转折点”,和turning point意思相近。
3.Based on the text,what made a big difference to Owusu
A.Others’ treating him equally at work.
B.Others’ voting him a hero in Brixton.
C.Thatcher’s efforts to preserve his dignity.
D.Thatcher’s faith in the necessity of toughness.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because so often people have said to me ‘if you’re in your job you’ve got to be soft and warm and human,but you’ve got to have a touch of steel.’”和“She welcomed the question saying ‘you’ve got to be firm in this world’.And that stuck with me.”可知,Thatcher夫人坚信强硬的必要性使Owusu发生了巨大的变化。
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.The Art of Dialogue
B.The Power of Confidence
C.A Life-Changing Meeting
D.A Status-Improving Tale
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第三段中的“Speaking in its clubhouse,Owusu describes his rise in social status as a ‘Thatcherite Journey’.And he says it began by asking the woman herself.‘To this day it still has an impact.My confidence changed from that sliding-door moment.Something about her connected with me.’”可知,本文主要讲的是Emest Owusu受到Thatcher夫人的影响,从而改变了自己的人生,因此最恰当的标题是C选项“A Life-changing Meeting”。
Passage 2 (2024广东广州一模)
主题:研究发现 词数:307 难度:★★★☆☆
When adult humans meet a baby,many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched (更高音的),sing-songy voice.This shift,known as parentese,is not unique to humans—it has also been observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas.Now,scientists are adding one more species to that list:bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a unique way:every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card,usually by its first birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle For babies,it might have something to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery,researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make.
Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young,they continued to make their signature sound,but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their babies were not nearby.
This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves.Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers before living on their own,it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to communicate.At the very least,the higher-pitched whistle likely gets the babies’ attention.“It’s important for a baby to know,‘Oh,Mum’s talking to me now,’” says marine biologist June Mann.
This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans.“It is absolutely essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate,” says Mann.“I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others,which is what happens in humans.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。
5.What do the underlined words “this mystery” refer to in paragraph 2
A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.
C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.
D.Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle For babies,it might have something to do with listening to Mum.”以及下文“researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make”可知,海豚发出独特的声音与听到海豚妈妈的声音有关,所以为了解开“海豚如何发出独特的声音”这个谜团,研究人员检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。故画线词指的是“海豚如何发出独特的声音”。
6.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins
A.By analyzing mother dolphins’ sound features.
B.By recording parent-child interaction frequency.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.”可知,研究人员通过分析雌性海豚的声音特征对海豚进行研究。
7.What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young
A.To help them learn to talk.
B.To teach them hunting skills.
C.To express worry and care.
D.To distract their attention.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves.”可知,海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的原因是帮助它们学会说话。
8.What is the purpose of the text
A.To compare the parentese of humans and dolphins.
B.To illustrate the development of dolphin intelligence.
C.To share new findings about dolphin communication.
D.To highlight the value of studying dolphins’ language.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话并解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义,由此可知,文章的目的是分享有关海豚交流的新发现。
Passage 3 (2024江西鹰潭一模)
主题:黄河数字孪生体 词数:386 难度:★★★☆☆
The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization.And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now,scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.
The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies,including big data,artificial intelligence,and the internet of things.Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center.Based on the information,a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen.It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions.
One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”.According to Wang Qin,a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau,a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips,a battery,and a signal transmitter.They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.“Upon feeling movement of the dike stones,the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response,” Wang said.“In the past,researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves,putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau.“Now the smart stones can do this for us,more safely,quickly,and accurately.”
And in the sky,drones (无人机) are flying.On the routes designed by engineers,the drones become expert patrollers of the river,looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects.According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission,thanks to the drones,researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.“Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches,” said Shen.
Under the water and up in the sky,intelligent systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts.According to the Ministry of Water Resources,in the future,we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。
9.What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River
A.To conduct historical research.
B.To raise public awareness of river protection.
C.To improve flood control and prevention efforts.
D.To create a virtual tourist attraction.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now,scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.”可知,创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。
10.How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance
A.They record water quality.
B.They serve as markers for important locations.
C.They enhance the river’s beauty.
D.They monitor and report dike movements.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They are buried in important dike locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.”可知,智能石头通过监测和报告堤坝的运动来为河流的数字化治理做出贡献。
11.What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River
A.Entertaining tourists.
B.Collecting information on dike conditions.
C.Patrolling and taking wildlife photos.
D.Giving warning of coming floods.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the routes designed by engineers,the drones become expert patrollers of the river,looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects.”可知,无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。
12.What does the underlined phrase “batten down the hatches” in the fourth paragraph mean
A.Prepare for difficult times.
B.Foresee the future.
C.Work hard to achieve one’s goals.
D.Overcome challenges.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission,thanks to the drones,researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.‘Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches,’ said Shen.”可知,使用无人机可以获得黄河水利情况的第一手资料,研究人员可以根据无人机发回的资料实时更新3D模型,这样做可以提早预防洪涝等紧急情况,以便做出快速回应。故推知batten down the hatches应表示“做好准备,未雨绸缪”之意,与A项“Prepare for difficult times.”同义。考点分类练(九) 词句猜测题(3)
Passage 1 (2024山东德州一模)
主题:英文句子 词数:372 难度:★★☆☆☆
Think you have a good grasp of English Good.Read the six sentences below,then.
Sentence 1:The old man the boat.
Sentence 2:The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.
Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.
Sentence 4:Fat people eat collects.
Sentence 5:The man who hunts ducks out on weekends.
Sentence 6:The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.
Linguists (语言学家) call these “garden path sentences”,which take you by the hand and lead you down a winding path to a dead end.Despite this,they’re all grammatically correct.Let’s see why.
Sentence 1:The old man the boat.
Besides sounding like a rejected Hemingway title,this sentence is indeed grammatically correct thanks to some well-placed homonyms—words that share the same spellings but have different meanings.Homonym 1 here is “old”,used as a noun,meaning “old people”;homonym 2 is “man”,used as a verb,meaning “to serve in/on”.With that in mind,the sentence means “The old people serve on the boat.”
Sentence 2:The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.
At first read,you’d think “is made of” is the main verb of this sentence.But it’s not.The simplest form of this sentence is “The cotton grows in Mississippi”;confusingly,“clothing is made of” is used to tell us what cotton we’re talking about.This sentence would make way more sense if written “The cotton that clothing is made of grows in Mississippi”,but English allows us to remove certain conjunctions like “that”,with its meaning maintained.
Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.
The first half of this sentence is easy to catch.So when dealing with the other half,people usually follow the structure of the first half,and it’d be understood as “fruits fly like bananas”.This is obviously unreasonable.Only when people rethink can they recognize the true meaning of the sentence.Therefore,such sentences manage to make people ignore the structure of the sentence itself,thus departing from its original meaning.
Come on!Take a walk down the garden path with the rest of the sentences.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对特殊的英文句子的理解。
1.What’s the characteristic of “garden path sentences” according to linguists
A.Misleading but error-free.
B.Accurate and plain.
C.Improperly-worded and meaningless.
D.Ungrammatical but comprehensible.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章第八段“Linguists call these ‘garden path sentences’,which take you by the hand and lead you down a winding path to a dead end.Despite this,they’re all grammatically correct.Let’s see why.”可知,这些句子的特点是误导但没有错误。
2.Which word is an example similar to the homonym of “man” in sentence 1
A.“grows” in sentence 2.
B.“eat” in sentence 4.
C.“hunts” in sentence 5.
D.“houses” in sentence 6.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一个标题“Sentence 1:The old man the boat.”下的“Homonym 1 here is ‘old’,used as a noun,meaning ‘old people’;homonym 2 is ‘man’,used as a verb,meaning ‘to serve in/on’.”和第七段“Sentence 6:The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.”可知,第6句中的“houses”可以是名词“房子”,本句中用作动词“给(某人)提供住处”与第1句中“man”都是具有名词词性,在句子中用作动词。
3.Which of the following correctly interprets “fruit flies like a banana” in sentence 3
A.“fruit flies” refers to a sort of insect.
B.“flies” serves as the verb of the sentence.
C.“flies like” explains what fruit is talked about.
D.“like” has the same meaning as the “like” before it.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。由文章第三个标题“Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.”下的内容可知,句子应该理解为“fruit flies”为句子主语,意为“果蝇”,指的是一种昆虫;谓语是“like”意为“喜欢”;宾语是“a banana”,意为“香蕉”。
4.What can be the troublemaker in sentence 4
A.The ill-placed verbs.
B.The removal of “that”.
C.The grammar mistakes.
D.The lack of noun behind “collects”.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Sentence 4:Fat people eat collects.”可知,people前省略了that,that people eat为定语从句,修饰先行词Fat,“Fat”此处作名词,意为“脂肪;肥肉”,所以“that”的省略导致句子不好理解。
Passage 2 (2024贵州贵阳一模)
主题:蜜蜂 词数:303 难度:★★★☆☆
Bees are more than just honey-makers.They are essential pollinators (传粉者) that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops.Bees are among the most diverse and plentiful insects on Earth,with over 20,000 species worldwide.They belong to the order Hymenoptera (膜翅目昆虫),which also includes wasps,ants,and sawflies.
Bees have evolved to feed on nectar (花蜜) and pollen from flowers,and in doing so,they transfer pollen from one flower to another,enabling fertilization (受精) and reproduction.This process,called pollination,is essential for the survival of many plants,especially those that produce fruits,nuts,seeds,and vegetables that we eat.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),bees and other pollinators affect 35% of global agricultural land,supporting the production of 87% of the leading food crops worldwide.
Pollination also enhances the quality and quantity of the crops,as well as their resistance to pests and diseases.Without bees and other pollinators,our food supply and our biodiversity would be at risk.
Unfortunately,bees are facing many threats,such as habitat loss,pesticide use,climate change,diseases,and invasive species.The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate (脊椎动物) pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators,such as bees,are facing extinction.This could have serious consequences for our food security,our livelihoods,and our environment.
Therefore,it is important to protect the bees and their habitats,and to raise awareness about their role and value.
One way to appreciate and support the bees is to learn how to identify them and observe their behavior.You might be surprised by the diversity and beauty of the bees that visit your backyard,garden,or balcony.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂不仅是蜂蜜制造者,更是至关重要的传粉者,对于维护生态系统平衡、丰富农作物多样性起着不可或缺的作用,同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及保护蜜蜂的紧迫性。
5.Why are pollinators important
A.They help the bees fertilize.
B.They keep the crops diverse.
C.They support the bees to make honey.
D.They protect insects such as wasps.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Bees are more than just honey-makers.They are essential pollinators that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops.”可知,传粉昆虫很重要是因为它们在维持生态系统平衡和农作物多样性方面至关重要。
6.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.How pollination works.
B.How the flowers attract bees.
C.How the bees reproduce.
D.How the plants produce fruits.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要介绍了蜜蜂通过取食花蜜和花粉进行传粉,从而帮助植物受精和繁殖的过程,即“传粉是如何运作的”。
7.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 5 probably refer to
A.Climate change.
B.Pesticide use.
C.Pollinators’ survival crisis.
D.Bees’ habitat loss.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据第五段的“The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators,such as bees,are facing extinction.”可知,蜜蜂和其他传粉者面临灭绝的危机,“这种危机”可能导致严重的后果,因此,“This”指代的是“传粉者生存危机”。
8.Which would be the best title for the text
A.A duty:Protect Bees’ Habitat
B.A Means:Observe Bees’ Behaviour
C.Bees:Maintainers of the Ecosystem
D.Bees:Consumers at the Top of the Food Chain
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段以及倒数第二段内容可知,文章主要围绕蜜蜂作为生态系统维护者的核心角色展开,论述了其传粉功能对农业生产、生物多样性和环境稳定性的重大意义,同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及其保护的紧迫性。所以“蜜蜂:生态系统维护者”适合作本文的标题。
Passage 3 (2024四川成都二模)
主题:保护个人隐私 词数:303 难度:★★★☆☆
There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors,health apps,search engines and other online tools.If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office,your privacy would be safeguarded.But that’s not how the digitized health world works.
Instead,we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel,hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.
That means technology companies can—and do—dig your digital data for clues about your health status,accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought,and potentially link this information to your name,address,email address and other personally identifying information.The data can then be used by platforms including Meta and Google to help advertisers target promotions or other communications to you.
It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law,which protects interactions between patients,medical professionals and insurers but does not,in most cases,protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.
Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should-be a priority for lawmakers.The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention.These worries are reasonable.But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed.
Therefore,lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal,professional and other reasons.Until then,a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题展开论述,分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现象,并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。
9.What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world
A.Personal health data is used for other purposes.
B.Personal health information is difficult to identify.
C.Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health.
D.Medical personnel protect the personal health information well.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段内容可知,现在我们的个人健康信息没有得到应有的保护,这些数据反而被包括Meta和谷歌在内的平台使用,以帮助广告商向你定向促销或其他通信。
10.What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law
A.Approving. B.Critical.
C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,作者认为现行的隐私法存在巨大漏洞。由此推知,他对现行隐私法是持批评态度的。
11.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refer to
A.The spread of health service.
B.People’s privacy.
C.A narrowly targeted approach.
D.The explosion of digital technology.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线单词上一句“Until then,a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.”以及画线单词所在句“The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.”可推测,画线词it指的是上文提到的“targeted approach”。
12.What is the purpose of the text
A.To advocate improvement in the privacy law.
B.To report cases of illegal information exposure.
C.To explain how the digitized health world works.
D.To introduce a debate on the effect of technology.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段以及全文内容可知,文章主要讨论了数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问题,特别指出了当前隐私法存在的漏洞以及健康技术公司如何滥用个人健康信息。作者强调了这一问题的严重性,并呼吁立法者采取行动来弥补这一漏洞,保护个人隐私。由此推知,文章的目的是倡导改进隐私法,以确保个人健康信息得到妥善保护。
