考点分类练(十) 主旨大意题(1)
Passage 1 (2024福建泉州三模)
主题:改造旧飞机 词数:305 难度:★★★☆☆
Bruce Campbell,a retired electrical engineer,wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new- and practical- and livable ones.
For about $220,000,he purchased a Greek airliner—a Boeing 727-400—that logged about 40,000 flights in its peak.Before Campbell got his hands on his Boeing 727 and transformed it into the airplane home he lives in,this aircraft saw regular use as it transported all kinds of people to all sorts of destinations.
After the successful transform,he hosted a big DJ dance party with a couple of friends.The party,called Turbulence:A Dance Party at a 727 in the Woods,happened right on the wing!Guests who attended the party also got the opportunity to take a look at the airplane home.Overall,they got the attention of 14,000 Meta users who were interested in what sounded like an incredible party.
This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home during the beginning of 2018 on the Kyushu Island coast because he wanted it to serve as a safe place for the local community as well.Part of Bruce Campbell’s vision was to make an airliner that doubled as a lifeboat in case tsunami (海啸) threats were issued.He wanted the general public to find out that planes are capable of surviving hundreds of years and the cruelest weather conditions thanks to its sealed pressure technology.
Campbell adored the excitement that he received when he recycled airplanes and hoped that people would seriously consider it after they got the chance to see his home during tours and events.He has posted on his website that it is his goal to “inspire a renaissance (复兴) of thought about how to employ this remarkable resource”.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事。
1.What drew wide public attention to Campbell’s first transformed plane
A.Its high residential comfort level.
B.Its remarkable transporting capacity.
C.The incredibly high transformation cost.
D.The Meta post of a party held on it.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,Meta上举办派对的帖子吸引了公众对Campbell第一架改装飞机的广泛关注,故选D项。
2.What did Campbell think the second plane could serve as
A.A tsunami warning center.
B.A meeting place for local community.
C.A temporary shelter in disasters.
D.An engineering workshop.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This talented engineer got another airliner and started on his second airplane home...in case tsunami threats were issued.”可知,Campbell认为第二架飞机可以用作灾难中的临时避难所,故选C项。
3.Why did Campbell transform the planes
A.To direct attention to housing problems.
B.To satisfy his scientific curiosity.
C.To advocate a greener lifestyle.
D.To call for participation in recycling.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知,Campbell改造飞机是为了呼吁市民参与循环再造。
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A former engineer turning retired planes into home.
B.Recent trends of renaissance-themed decoration.
C.A talented home designer receiving online fame.
D.Diverse approaches for sustainable living.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合第一段“Bruce Campbell,a retired electrical engineer,wanted to change the behavior of mankind by showing how we can recycle old things into new- and practical- and livable ones.”可知,文章主要介绍了一位退休的电气工程师Bruce Campbell把旧飞机改造成家的故事,A项“一位前工程师把退役的飞机变成了家”能够总结文章大意。
Passage 2 (2024浙江绍兴二模)
主题:弃用草书 词数:336 难度:★★★☆☆
I have always been proud of my handwriting,a skill I was taught in grade school.The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method,drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework,as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive(草书).They type everything,mostly on their phones.Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past.This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive.To my complete disbelief,not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards.They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn’t read a thing I had written.One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially,I was angry.I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy.But then I showed an English friend a postcard I’d just written,and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U.S.A.” The rest of it,he politely suggested,looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately,I unwillingly admit that he has a point.All the m’s and n’s run together,and the l’s look like l’s.The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s.So,from now on,I’m taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact,I just now sent an old friend a postcard.But this time,I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草书书法感到自豪,到意识到现代趋势使它变得不那么实用和容易理解的过程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美丽,但看不懂他们手写的明信片,所以为了清晰起见,他决定改用印刷体。这一转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变,从手写交流向打字交流转变,显示了传统美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
5.What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A.It is characterized by big flowing lines.
B.It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C.It was not allowed in students’ homework.
D.It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method,drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.”可知,帕尔默书法的特点是线条大而流畅。故选A项。
6.What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A.The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B.The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C.His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D.His English friend’s suggestion on postcard design.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念。
7.Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A.To deliver his message clearly.
B.To improve his handwriting skills.
C.To win praise from his friends.
D.To show his passion for calligraphy.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,作者改用大写字母来交流是为了清楚地传达他的信息。故选A项。
8.What is the text mainly about
A.The wide use of cursive.
B.The sad decline of cursive.
C.The value of preserving cursive.
D.The technique of writing in cursive.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive.They type everything,mostly on their phones.Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past.This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”可知,文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落。故选B项。
Passage 3 (2024广东江门一模)
主题:环境DNA技术 词数:345 难度:★★★★☆
Figuring out biodiversity patterns and detecting rare or just-good-at-hiding species has long posed challenges for ecosystem monitoring and conservation efforts.Traditional survey methods are labor intensive and cover limited areas.Now,emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques open new possibilities.
Scientists collect water or soil samples from an environment and extract (提取) any DNA traces left behind by organisms.This is the environmental DNA (eDNA).They then use one of the two analysis methods—quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing (DNA 测序).Similar to virus tests,qPCR is used to detect if a specific species’ DNA is in the sample.For example,researchers tested river water eDNA to see if endangered fish X was present.When it was detected,they confirmed that the fish lived in that river without directly seeing it.DNA sequencing analyzes all DNA in the sample at once.Scientists can then match the DNA barcodes to databases to identify which species were in the sampled environment.
Although eDNA sampling cannot identify new species or those only known from photos and videos if they are not already listed in the reference databases,the real power of it lies in its ability to capture a wide range of organisms.With just one sample,scientists can detect all kinds of living things,from bacteria to whales,in almost any environment where life exists,including the deep sea and underground caves.One of the most significant advantages of eDNA sampling is that it allows scientists to detect species that are difficult to see or capture.This is particularly useful when studying rare or very small species,or when working in environments like dark water where visibility is limited.
This is just the start.Imagine a future where eDNA data could be collected from the most remote oceans by autonomous vehicles,analyzed by the drone or on board a research vessel(船舰),and integrated with other monitoring data so marine managers and the public can see near-real-time data about the condition of the ocean.Science fiction Not any more.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA (eDNA)技术即将问世,文章对其进行了介绍。
9.What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning the example in paragraph 2
A.To explain the process of qPCR analysis method.
B.To introduce the definition of environmental DNA.
C.To tell the difference between two analysis methods.
D.To show the similarity between qPCR and virus tests.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They then use one of the two analysis methods...lived in that river without directly seeing it.”可知,作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。
10.What’s the advantage of eDNA sampling
A.It can detect species from photos and videos.
B.It can help scientists capture endangered species.
C.It enables scientists to work in invisible environment.
D.It can identify any living creature with a sample of it.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Although eDNA sampling cannot identify...including the deep sea and underground caves.”可知,eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。
11.What could eDNA data be applied to in the future
A.Studying microbial communities.
B.Analyzing diversity changes over time.
C.Collecting species in new environments.
D.Offering statistics for ocean supervision.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Imagine a future where eDNA data...about the condition of the ocean.”可知,eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。
12.What’s the main idea of the text
A.Scientists have made a breakthrough in undersea research.
B.Rare species have been discovered with two analysis methods.
C.New biodiversity monitoring techniques are around the corner.
D.Traditional survey methods are abandoned for their shortcomings.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,文章主要讲的是新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。考点分类练(十一) 主旨大意题(2)
Passage 1 (2024江苏苏锡常镇二模)
主题:软贴片 词数:334 难度:★★★☆☆
The human voice is a delicate thing.Each person’s distinctive voice is produced when air from the lungs causes the vocal cords (声带) to vibrate (震颤).These vocal cords can easily get damaged.According to a 2005 study,30% of the population will experience a voice disorder at some point in their life.
In a study published in the journal Nature Communications this week,a group of bioengineering researchers from the University of California have put forward an attractive solution.They have designed and tested a soft patch (小片) that can be stuck onto a person’s neck,where it will pick up muscle movements and,with the help of machine-learning algorithms (算法) that process the signals,translate them into speech.
When a person loses their voice today,the easiest fix is to turn to typing,texting,or writing notes to communicate.Typing can be slow and convenient,says Jun Chen,the paper’s lead author,and writing notes is only possible in good lighting.The new solution would therefore be able to clear all these hurdles.
Dr.Chen’s device works based on something called the magnetoelastic effect.Essentially,when tiny magnetic (磁性的) bits are placed into soft materials,their magnetic properties can change as the material is stretched.
When the throat muscles move under the soft patch,the resulting magnetoelastic effects can be changed into electrical signals.In a test with eight participants,the variations can be changed by electrical signals.
Researchers recorded the signals as the subjects spoke and mouthed five different sentences.They then trained a machine-learning model which was then able to predict which of the five sentences the participants spoke—whether aloud or in silence—with more than 90% accuracy.
There is a way to go yet,for now the device can only recognize the five phrases it was trained on.Plus,to make it practical at scale,the researchers will need to collect a lot more data.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科学研究成果,即一种可以贴在人脖子上的软贴片,能够通过捕捉肌肉运动并将其转化为语言。
1.What does the author mainly want to tell us in paragraph 1
A.Lungs are easily damaged.
B.The human voice is unique.
C.Vocal cords vibrate to produce sound.
D.Voice disorders are a problem worthy of attention.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段可知,本段主要想告诉我们声音障碍是一个值得关注的问题。
2.Why does the author mention the magnetoelastic effect
A.To explain the working principle.
B.To present a solution.
C.To introduce the challenge.
D.To make a comparison.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“They have designed and tested a soft patch...the signals,translate them into speech.”、第三段和第四段的“Dr.Chen’s device works based on something called the magnetoelastic effect.”可知,作者提到magnetoelastic effect是为了解释贴片的工作原理。
3.What is the function of the soft patch
A. Predicting five different sentences.
B.Destroying the background magnetic field.
C.Slowing the movements of throat muscles.
D.Helping turn muscle movements into electrical signals.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Essentially,when tiny magnetic (磁性的) bits are placed into soft materials,their magnetic properties can change as the material is stretched.”以及第五段的“When the throat muscles move under the soft patch,the resulting magnetoelastic effects can be changed into electrical signals.”可知,软贴片的功能是帮助将肌肉运动转化为电信号。
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Predicting the Importance of Voice Restoration
B.Using Algorithms in Bioengineering Research
C. Overcoming Voice Loss with an Innovative Patch
D.Finding the Principle of Communication Devices
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了一种可以贴在人脖子上的软贴片,能够通过捕捉肌肉运动并将其转化为语言,所以C项“Overcoming Voice Loss with an Innovative Patch(用创新的贴片克服失声)”是本文最好的标题。
Passage 2 (2024福建莆田二模)
主题:刻意学习 词数:306 难度:★★★☆☆
The year is 1763,and a 7-year-old Mozart is about to set off on a tour around Europe that will jump-start the Mozart legend.Mozart had a trick up his sleeve.When young Mozart heard a note played—any note—he could immediately identify exactly which note it was.It was an ability now we know as “perfect pitch”,and it seemed to be an example of the mysterious gifts that young geniuses had been born with.But is that really so
Over my years of studying experts in various fields,like Mozart,I have found that there’s no such thing as a predefined ability.Actually,those people all develop their abilities through “deliberate practice”,a purposeful and systematic type of practice that makes it possible for them to do things they otherwise could not.In them,potential is an expandable vessel,shaped by the various things they do throughout their lives.
One of my testimonies came from Ray Allen,a ten-time All-Star in the NBA.Allen’s jump shot was not noticeably better than his teammates’ back in high school;in fact,it was poor.But with hard work and dedication,he transformed his jump shot into one so graceful and natural that people assumed he was born with it.
But it doesn’t mean “Just keep working at it,and you’ll get there”.Heartfelt desire and hard work alone will not lead to improved performance.The right sort of practice carried out over a sufficient period of time will lead to improvement.Nothing else.And this is true whether our goal is to become a concert pianist or just play the piano well enough to amuse ourselves,to be the greatest three-point shooter or just build ourselves up.Deliberate practice is the gold standard for anyone in any field who wishes to build new skills and abilities.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准。
5.Why is Mozart’s perfect pitch mentioned in paragraph 1
A.To introduce an inborn talent.
B.To explain reasons for success.
C.To lead to reflection on gifts.
D.To define a brilliant trick.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。第一段中的“It was an ability now we know as ‘perfect pitch’,and it seemed to be an example of the mysterious gifts that young geniuses had been born with.But is that really so ”提到年轻的莫扎特具有似乎是天生的神秘天赋——“绝对音高”的能力,接着提出一个问题,事实真的是这样吗 接着第二段中的“Actually,those people all develop their abilities through ‘deliberate practice’”提到实际上这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,故作者提到莫扎特的“绝对音高”能力是为了导入对天赋的思考。
6.Which is the most important in making an expert according to the writer
A.Affection. B.Experience.
C.Training. D.Gifts.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The right sort of practice carried out...wishes to build new skills and abilities.”可知,在作者看来,成为专家最重要的是刻意练习。
7.What does the underlined word “testimonies” mean in paragraph 3
A.Challenges. B.Proofs.
C.Comments. D.Puzzles.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。第二段中的“Actually,those people all develop their abilities through ‘deliberate practice’,a purposeful and systematic type of practice that makes it possible for them to do things they otherwise could not.”提到,这些非凡的能力并非天生,而是通过“刻意练习”来发展的,结合画线词下文可知,本段是通过Ray Allen的例子佐证上文的说法,由此推知画线词所在句意为“我的一个佐证来自Ray Allen,一个十次入选NBA全明星的球员”,testimonies意为“证据”。
8.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Secret of Great Talents
B.Born to Stand Out
C.A Surprising Discovery
D.Start When Young
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。结合第一段中的“It was an ability now we know as ‘perfect pitch’,and it seemed to be an example of the mysterious gifts that young geniuses had been born with.But is that really so ”和最后一段中的“Deliberate practice is the gold standard for anyone in any field who wishes to build new skills and abilities.”可知,各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准,A项“伟大天赋的秘诀”为最佳标题。
Passage 3 (2024陕西渭南二模)
主题:研究新发现 词数:340 难度:★★★☆☆
Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected developmental milestones New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success.
For the study,the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five.They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.
The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees,parks and community gardens.“Most of the children were doing well in their development,in terms of language skills,cognitive (认知的) capacity,socialization and other outcomes,” says Ingrid Jarvis,a PhD candidate in the department of forest and conservation sciences at UBC.“But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.”
According to the researchers,the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise-environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely(不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress,sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage.“Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children,” adds Jarvis.
The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI),a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child.The tool measures a child’s ability to meet age-appropriate developmental expectations.
“More research is needed,but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial for early childhood development,with potential health benefits throughout life,” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch.“Time in nature can benefit everyone,but if we want our children to have a good head start,it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明,居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用,并且会影响他们的一生。
9.Which is a key factor in the researchers’ study
A.The kids’ scores from school exams.
B.The average IQ score of the subjects.
C.The green space where the kids lived.
D.The air pollution level of the whole city.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,研究人员分析的关键数据之一就是这些孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C项。
10.What’s the message implied in paragraph 4
A.Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures.
B.Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed.
C.Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise.
D.Greenspace is directly linked to kids’ mental development.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,居住地的噪声会加大孩子们的心理压力。故选B项。
11.What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph
A.The importance of nature in kids’ growth.
B.The role of research in scientific work.
C.The proper way of giving a good start to kids.
D.The urgency of expanding greenspace in cities.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Time in nature can benefit everyone,but if we want our children to have a good head start,it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”可知,Matilda Bosch强调了大自然在孩子们的健康成长中所起到的重要作用。
12.What could be a suitable title for the text
A.What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution
B.Green Spaces:A Guarantee for Kids’ Future Success
C.Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health
D.Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明,居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用,并且会影响他们的一生。D项“大自然中的时间有助于儿童早期发展”符合题意。考点分类练(十二) 主旨大意题(3)
Passage 1 (2024湖南衡阳二模)
主题:人工智能 词数:371 难度:★★★☆☆
With artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic technology improving at impressive rates,there are some who worry that there’s a risk of artistic and creative people being replaced.A new study by the Korean Institute of Industrial Technology,however,is showing exactly why that can’t and shouldn’t happen.It all started when the South Korean company posed this question:Can robots replace conductors
Over a year ago,work to develop automaton (自动化) began.At first,it was designed like a machine,and didn’t live up to expectations.Then the company sought ways to improve it.In the end,it was given two arms with joints to copy wrists and elbows,allowing it to move a stick similarly to how a human conductor would move it.It was named the EveR 6 robot,and stands at 1.8 meters.It was finally time to figure out how it could follow through on its musical role.
“We got involved in this project to see how far robots can go in more creative fields like the arts,and what the challenges are,” Dong-wook Lee,a senior researcher at the Korean Institute of Industrial Technology said.
In order to pull this off,Dong-wook Lee cooperated with the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra.The 12-minute piece they planned to perform,“Feel” by Il-hoon Son,was created specifically for this event.It was created with the strengths of both EveR 6 and the human conductor,Soo-yeol Choi,in mind.
To pull off this impressive performance,the robot was preprogrammed to conduct through 30 cycles of beat patterns.Meanwhile,it was up to the human conductor to lead the orchestra in creating an improvisational (即兴的) score,adding depth to the otherwise planned piece.
Together,they pulled off a masterful performance that the audience seemed more than happy to have had the opportunity to witness it first-hand!
With the concert having gone so well,this is only the start of EveR 6.Still,no matter the improvements they’re able to make to this Android robot,the human conductor isn’t concerned about being replaced.
“Let’s leave the accuracy to the robots,” Soo-yeol Choi said,“but the musical and artistic aspects to a human conductor.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着人工智能(AI)和机器人技术以惊人的速度发展,一些人担心艺术和创意人才有被取代的风险。然而,韩国工业技术研究所(Korean Institute of Industrial Technology)的一项新研究恰恰说明了为什么这不能也不应该发生。
1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The function of the EveR 6 robot.
B.The development of the EveR 6 robot.
C.The EveR 6 robot’s role as a conductor.
D.The difficulty in designing the EveR 6 robot.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的“Over a year ago,work to develop automaton...and stands at 1.8 meters.”可知,第二段主要讲述了EveR 6机器人的研发过程。
2.What can be learned about “Feel”
A.It is a piece familiar to the audience.
B.It is a piece showing the human-robot cooperation.
C.It is the only piece that EveR 6 will perform.
D.It is a piece requiring great ability to conduct.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“The 12-minute piece they planned to perform,‘Feel’ by Il-hoon Son,was created specifically for this event.It was created with the strengths of both EveR 6 and the human conductor,Soo-yeol Choi,in mind”可推知,“Feel”是一个展示人机合作的作品。
3.What role did Soo-yeol Choi play in the performance
A.He corrected the robot’s mistakes.
B.He programmed the EveR 6 robot.
C.He led the improvisational section of the performance.
D.He was the main conductor of the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,it was up to the human conductor to lead the orchestra in creating an improvisational score,adding depth to the otherwise planned piece.”可知,他在表演中指挥演出的即兴部分。
4.What is Soo-yeol Choi’s attitude towards EveR 6
A.Unclear. B.Uncaring.
C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Let’s leave the accuracy to the robots,’Soo-yeol Choi said,‘but the musical and artistic aspects to a human conductor.’可推知,Soo-yeol Choi对这个机器人持支持的态度。
Passage 2 (2024山东枣庄二模)
主题:聊天机器人 词数:312 难度:★★★☆☆
Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa,you’ve likely encountered a chatbot online.They often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly greeting:Thank you for visiting our site.How can I help you today Depending on the site,the chatbot is programmed to respond accordingly and even ask follow-up questions.
Chatbots are a form of conversational AI designed to simplify human interaction with computers.They are programmed to simulate human conversation and exhibit intelligent behavior that is equivalent to that of a human.
Chatbots communicate through speech or text.Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP),which is a branch of artificial intelligence that teaches machines to read,analyze and interpret human language.This technology gives chatbots a baseline for understanding language structure and meaning.NLP,in essence,allows the computer to understand what you are asking and how to appropriately respond.
With developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning,chatbots can interpret more complexities in language and improve the dynamic nature of conversation between humans and machine.Essentially,a chatbot tries to match what you’ve asked to an intent that it understands.The more a chatbot communicates with you,the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions.Your positive responses reinforce its answers,and then it uses those answers again.
From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes,chatbots have started to enter our lives.In almost every industry,companies are using chatbots to help customers easily navigate their websites,answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact.Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios and queries,from current weather and news updates to personal calendars,music selections and random questions.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。
5.Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa in paragraph 1
A.To explain how a chatbot works.
B.To show where to find a chatbot.
C.To give examples of chatbots.
D.To compare different chatbots.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Even if you haven’t held a conversation...Thank you for visiting our site.”可知,作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是给出聊天机器人的例子。
6.What is the basis of chatbots
A.Language study.
B.Data transmission.
C.Social interaction.
D.Natural language processing.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP)”可知,聊天机器人的基础是自然语言处理。
7.What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Inspire. B.Strengthen.
C.Organize. D.Match.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“The more a chatbot communicates with you,the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions.”以及下文“then it uses those answers again.”可知,“Your positive responses reinforce its answers”表达的意思是“你的积极回应强化了它的答案”,画线词reinforce与strengthen“巩固,强化”意思一致。
8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The future trend of chatbots.
B.The author’s predictions.
C.The effects of chatbots.
D.The applications of chatbots.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知,最后一段主要讲关于聊天机器人的应用。
Passage 3 (2024湖南娄底一模)
主题:快时尚企业衣服生产过剩 词数:369
难度:★★★★★
The impact of fast fashion on the environment is significant.Recently Zara,one of the largest fast-fashion retailers (零售商) in the world,put forth a concept that only sustainable fabrics are used in clothing production.But how can Zara ever be sustainable They produce around 450 million garments (衣服) a year and release 500 new designs a week,about 20,000 a year.Zara’s fast-fashion model has been so successful that it has inspired an entire industry to follow them.
Clothing production doubled from 2012 to 2022.The average consumer bought 60 percent more clothing in 2022 than in 2012,but kept each garment half as long.And less than one percent of all clothing produced globally is recycled.
I spend a lot of time reading the corporate social responsibility reports of large brands and interviewing micro-to-small sized enterprises to see how they approach sustainability.The largest significant difference between them is culture.
Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order,so they are not making more than what is sold.Most small brands are opting to work under an “anti-fashion calendar”.They choose not to follow the intense seasonal calendar that fashion functions under.They do this because waste is one of their biggest concerns.They also design clothing to be of the highest quality,ensuring durability and longevity,so you may keep it longer.
Fast fashion is a “grow or die” business,and the fast-fashion growth model used by all large companies is predicated on limitless growth.Large global corporate retailers are not seeking to change their fundamental business model or create cultures of sustainability.That would require re-working their entire business structure and ultimately hurt their bottom line.
I would start to believe Zara and other large fashion brands had good intentions to fight climate change if they started to look at how to move away from their continuous offerings of weekly new products.They need to introduce alternative sustainable business model practices.One small step could be to offer repair or tailoring services.Tailoring creates clothes that fit perfectly,subsequently increasing their emotional value,so that we love them and keep them longer.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍快时尚企业生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发展,希望他们能引入可持续发展的商业模式。
9.What does the author intend to show with the numbers about Zara in paragraph 1
A.Zara is not eco-friendly.
B.Zara is popular with consumers.
C.Zara is a large fast-fashion retailer.
D.Zara is a success in fashion industry.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But how can Zara ever be sustainable...an entire industry to follow them.”可知,Zara每年生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发展,也就是说Zara不环保。
10.Which of the following shows a cultural feature of small brands
A.Designing clothing as needed.
B.Designing clothing seasonably.
C.Producing clothing as needed.
D.Producing clothing seasonably.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order,so they are not making more than what is sold.”可知,小品牌不会超量生产,也就是按需求生产衣服。
11.What does the underlined part “bottom line” in paragraph 5 relate to
A.The fast-fashion retailers.
B.The profits from fast fashion.
C.The culture of sustainability.
D.The relationship with consumers.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据“Fast fashion is a ‘grow or die’ business...ultimately hurt their bottom line.”可知,快时尚增长模式如果调整业务结构,会损害它们本身的利益。
12.What does the last paragraph focus on
A.How to make consumers love their clothes.
B.How to make consumers buy less clothing.
C.How large fashion brands offer weekly new products.
D.How large fashion brands improve their services.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,作者建议快时尚品牌引入可替代的可持续商业模式,提供修理或剪裁服务,也就是让消费者少买衣服。
