外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Developing ideas 语言点 课件（共34张，内嵌音频）

(共34张PPT)
Unit 4 Developing ideas
The Words That Changed A Nation
改变了一个国家的演说
语言点课件
Words and expressions
mount v. 走上，登上 44
civil adj. 公民的，国民的 44
civil war 内战 44
slave n. 奴隶
confederate adj. （美国内战期间）南部联邦的 44
union n. 联邦 44
civilian adj. 平民的；百姓的 44
division n. 分歧，分裂 44
bring forth 使产生，使出现 45
conceive v. 构想，设想 45
liberty n. 自由 45
dedicate v. 致力于，献身于 45
endure v. 持续存在 45
battlefield n. 战场 45
portion n. 一部分 45
altogether adv. 完全 45
consecrate v. 宣布……为神圣之处 45
hallow v. 使成为神圣 45
detract v. 减低，破坏，损害 45
nobly adv. 高尚地，崇高地 45
in vain 白白地 45
perish v. 死亡 45
influential adj. 有影响力的 47
communist adj. 共产主义的 47
复习巩固
拓展词汇
1.______ adj.公民的，国民的→_______ adj.平民的，百姓的
2.______ n.奴隶 →_________ n.奴隶制
3.______ n.联邦→_____ v.联合；团结 →______ adj.联合的；统一的
4. 　　　　　n.分歧;分裂→ 　　　　　 v.分开
5._______ n.自由→________ v.解放 →_________ n.解放
6.______ adv.高尚地，崇高地→______ adj.崇高的，高尚的
7.　　　　　adj.有影响力的→　　　　　 v.&n.影响
8. 　　　　　 adj.共产主义的→ 　　　　　 n.共产主义
civil
civilian
slave
slavery
union
unite
united
division
divide　
liberty
liberate
liberation
nobly
noble
influential
influence　
communist
communism
1.in memory of　　　　　　　
2.change one’s mind 　　　　　　　
3.take place 　　　　　　　
4.set down 　　　　　　　
5.step by step 　　　　　　　
6.bring forth 　　　　　　　
为纪念　
改变某人的主意　
发生　
写下,记下　
一步步地　
提出　
重点短语
7.　　　　　　 正在做,从事
8.　　　　　　 在某种程度上
9.　　　　　　 继续
10.　　　　　　 徒劳地
11.　　　　　　 实施,实行
be engaged in　
in a sense　
carry on　
in vain　
carry out
课文要点解析
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak.The place was the site of a recent battle where thousands of soldiers had died. The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died. The speech he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes. But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.
登上，爬上
引导定语从句，修饰battle
同位语
为了纪念
定语从句，修饰soldiers
n. 演讲; 演说
Paragraph 1
Analyze the key points of the text
At that time, America was bitterly divided. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave-owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union. The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863. The Union side won, but at a great cost. Over 50, 000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose. What was all this suffering for
副词修饰谓语
and连接并列谓语
付出了巨大代价
……是为什么呢？
Paragraph 2
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people. His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future. He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for. Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
展望未来
介词后宾语从句
过去分词短语作方式状语
表语从句
不但……而且……
循序渐进地
Paragraph 3
过去分词作后置定语
it形式主语；be up to… 是……的责任
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
87年前
使产生，使出现
献身于，致力于
同位语从句
Paragraph 4
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
忙于，从事
现在分词作后置定语
宾语从句
形容词作后置定语
代词，代指those people
省略so，应为so that引导目的状语从句
Paragraph 5
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on.
从更广泛意义上
定语从句
否定意义
宾语从句
宾语从句
过去分词作前置定语
定语从句
Paragraph 6
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正主语
现在分词短语作后置定语
介词+which引导定语从句，修饰that cause
that引导的从句为task的同位语
that引导的从句为task的同位语
resolve后三个that引导的宾语从句
词组用法
1. in memory of
2. take place
3. at a great cost
4. suffer for
5. look to
6. set down
7. die for
8. bring forth
9. dedicate to
10. engage in
11. in a larger sense
12. struggle
13. it
14. in vain
15. as well as
词、短语及句型
1
in memory of 纪念; 为了纪念
◆ in memory of纪念;为了纪念
The town was named after Mr.Smith in memory of his great contributions to its development.这座城镇以史密斯先生的名字命名,以纪念他对这个城镇发展做出的巨大贡献。
He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.
他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。《牛津词典》
A film will be made in momory of those brave firefighters.
为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部影片即将开拍。
The man was Abraham Lincoln,President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died. 这人就是亚伯拉罕·林肯,美利坚合众国总统,他在那里悼念死去的士兵。(P44)
1
in memory of 纪念; 为了纪念
We started off at once in search of the missing boy.
我们立刻出发寻找失踪的男孩。
The general opinion is in favour of us.
普遍的舆论对我们有利。
We must produce evidence in support of our theory.
我们必须提出证据以支持我们的理论。
【词汇拓展】
in terms of　　　　就……而言
in need/want of 需要
in favour of 赞同,支持
in praise of 赞扬
in support of 支持
in honour of 为了向……表示敬意
in view of 鉴于,考虑到,由于
in search of 寻找
2
◆ take place发生,举行
The 2022 Olympic Winter Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
2022年冬季奥运会将在北京和张家口举行。
The manager will be away on business and I’ll take his place/take the place of him during his absence.经理将要出差,他不在时我将代替他。
I felt completely out of place among all those smart rich people.
在那些精明的富人中间,我觉得自己完全格格不入。
注意：take place是不及物动词短语,其后不能接宾语,也不能用于被动语态。
take place发生,举行
The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863.最惨烈的战斗持续了三天,1863年发生于葛底斯堡。(P44)
【词汇拓展】
take the place of　代替,取代
take one’s place 就座;代替某人
out of place 不合适的,不恰当的,不相称的
in place of 代替
in the first place 首先,第一
3
at a great cost 付出巨大代价；代价惨重
Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, epecially at a great cost in momey and jobs, to save endangered species.
另一些人认为社会没必要不遗余力的挽救濒危物种，尤其是在要花费大量财力和人力的情况下。
He succeed in business and lost his whole family at a great cost.
他生意上取得了成功，却以沉重的代价失去了整个家庭。
I sold you this coat at cost.这件大衣我是按成本价卖给你的。
She desires to succeed in business, at any cost.
她渴望在商业上成功，不惜任何代价。
The Union side won， but at a great cost.北方联盟取得了胜利，但代价惨重。(P44)
【词汇拓展】
at cost 按成本价；照原价
at any cost 不惜任何代价
4
suffer for 因……而遭受；因……受罚/受苦
Don’t worry about her. Every dog has his day. She will eventually suffer for all the bad things she is doing.
不要管她。每个人的那一天总会来临的。最终她会为她现在所做的坏事付出代价（尝到苦头）的。
It is worthwhile to suffer for our dreams, even though we may meet with difficulties.
即使会遇到困难，为实现理想而吃苦也是值得的。
You will suffer for your foolishness some day.
总有一天，你会因你的愚蠢而受到惩罚。
It is not right to let others suffer for our mistakes.
让别人因为我们的错误而受苦，这是不对的。
What was all this suffering for 遭受这些苦难究竟是为了什么呢？(P44)
5
look to 指望；展望；注意；照看；照管；留心
He runs the team because he commands their respect. The kids really look to him.他管理这个团队，因为他博得了孩子们的尊敬。孩子们确实指望他。
Reaserch shows that young people still look to parents as their main source for health information.
研究表明年轻人仍然指望父母作为他们主要的健康信息来源。
We need t look to ways of improving our marketing.
我们得考虑改进营销的方法。《牛津词典》
For truly great men, look to this age alone.
数风流人物，还看今朝。《新英汉大辞典》
All I have to do is look to her. 我所做的只是指望她。
His speech gave them hope，belief and a reason to look to the future.
他的演说给了民众希望、信念以及展望未来的理由。(P44)
6
set down 记下; 放下; 登记
◆ set down记下;放下;登记
The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.
会议结束了,他记录了很多要点。
I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.
我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间来参加这次艺术盛宴。
Our English club was set up two months ago.我们的英语俱乐部成立于两个月前。
Armed with the information you have gathered,you can set about preparing your business plan.有了这些你所收集的信息,你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。
【词汇拓展】
set aside　留出;拨出(时间、金钱等);暂时不考虑
set off 出发;动身;引起;使爆炸
set out to do sth./set about doing sth.着手做某事
set up 开办;建立;设立
He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be,based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.他根据87年前美国开国元勋们确立的理想,给了他们一个美利坚合众国应该是什么样的新愿景。(P44)
7
die for(to give up one’s life in the name of something one strongly believes in) 渴望，切望，迫切想要；为了……而死
They werre ready to die for their beliefs.
他们愿意为信仰而献身。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
It is a glorious thing to die for the people.
为人民而死，虽死犹荣！《新英汉大辞典》
When we die for the people; it is a worthy death.
我们为人民而死，就是死得其所。《新英汉大辞典》
She was wearing a dress to die for.
她穿了一条漂亮的要命的连衣裙。《牛津词典》
What are they willing to live and die for
他们愿意为什么而生，为什么而死？
It was what the soldiers had died for. 那也是已故的将士为之献出生命的原因。(P44)
8
bring forth（to produce something or make it appear）产生；发表；生孩子；创造潜能
Her letter to the paper brought forth a flood of supportive comments.
他给报社的信产生了潮水般的点赞（好评）。
These efforts will surely bring forth good fruit.
这些努力必将产生良好的结果。
March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers.
三月的微风，四月的细雨带来了五月的花朵。
Can you bring forth convincing evidence to clear yourself
你能提出令人信服的证据证明你的清白吗？
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth，upon this continent，a new nation，conceived in Liberty，and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。(P45)
9
dedicate to(to spend your time and effort doing something)献身；把（时间、精力等）用于；致力于；奉献 这里to是介词。
There is no doubt that the best prize in life is the opportunity to dedicate to a cause worthy of dedication.
毫无疑问，生命最好的奖品就是有机会从事值得奉献的事业。
Dedicate to those who are loving and have loved.
谨以此文献给那些正在爱着和曾经爱过的朋友！
Decide in advance how much time you want to dedicate to doing something.
事先就想清楚你将会花多长时间去完成某事。
How much time are you willing to dedicate to brain exercise 你愿意花多长时间进行脑力锻炼呢？
【词汇拓展】
dedicate / ded ke t/ v. 致力于，献身于；把...献给；奉献
dedicate oneself to sth.把自己奉献给某事
She dedicated herself to teaching for thirty-five years, and all her students respected her a lot. 她投身教育事业35年，她的学生都很尊敬她。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth，upon this continent，a new nation，conceived in Liberty，and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。(P45)
10
engage in 从事于（参加）；参加；忙于
Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation,or any nation,so conceived,and so dedicated,can long endure.
现在,我们正在进行一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家,是否能够长久存在下去。(P45)
Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of sport, such as walking. 在你晚餐后，参加某些运动，比如散步。
◆ engage vi.参加,参与
Even in prison,he continued to engage in criminal activities.
他甚至在监狱里还继续从事犯罪活动。
He was engaged in studying rather than playing.他忙于学习,而不是玩。
In the past,they would engage with parents,teachers and other adults in their community.
在过去,他们会与家长、教师和社区中的其他成年人建立密切关系。
【词汇拓展】
get engaged　 订婚
be engaged in 忙于
engage with 与……建立密切关系
engagement n. 约会
11
in a larger sense在更大的意义上；从更大的角度
In a larger sense, he probably did not.
在更广泛的意义上，他可能没有。
In a largert sense, all subjects are vital to human progress.
从更高的意义上来说，对于人类进步来说，所有的学科都是重要的。
But in a larger sense，we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground. 但是，从更广泛意义上来说，我们不能献出——不能圣化——不能神化这块土地。(P45)
【拓展短语】
in a narrow sense 在狭义上
In a narrow sense, Protecting environment is to clean up every piece of
garbage around your classroom.
狭义的理解就是打扫干净你教室周围的每一片垃圾。
12
struggle vi.& n.斗争;拼搏;努力;挣扎
◆ struggle vi.& n.斗争;拼搏;努力;挣扎
They struggled just to pay their bills. 他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
She is struggling to seize the only chance to survive.
她正拼命挣扎着抓住这唯一的救命稻草。
You have to let us struggle for ourselves.你得让我们为自己拼搏。
They had to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties.
他们必须和各种各样的困难做斗争。
【词汇拓展】
struggle to do sth.　　　 努力做某事
struggle for 为了……而斗争
struggle against/with 与……做斗争
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
with a struggle 费劲地
The brave men,living and dead,who struggled here,have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.在这里奋斗的勇士们,无论是活着的还是死去的,都把它神圣化了,这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。(P45)
13
it 用作形式宾语，to do sth做真正宾语
【句型分析】在该句子中it为形式宾语,to add or detract为真正的宾语;living and dead,who struggled here,均修饰前面的主语The brave men。
当某些动词后的宾语之后有宾语补足语(通常是形容词或名词)时,通常以it代替that宾语从句作形式宾语,这时that不可省略。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, take, feel等。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。
We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.
我们发现我们按时完成工作有困难。
We feel it our duty to help others. 我认为帮助别人是我们的责任。
We found it hard to picture him as the father of three kids.
我们很难想象他居然是三个孩子的父亲了。《牛津词典》
The brave men,living and dead,who struggled here,have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.在这里奋斗的勇士们,无论是活着的还是死去的,都把它神圣化了,这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。(P45)
14
in vain徒劳，无效，徒然；白费力气地；白白地
◆ in vain徒劳,无效，徒然；白费力气地;白白地
All the police’s efforts to find him were in vain.
警察想尽各种各样的办法找他,但是所有的努力都是徒劳的。
All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力都付诸东流了。《牛津词典》
They tried in vain to persuade her to go.
我们极力劝说她去，但枉费了一番口舌。《牛津词典》
They made a vain effort to persuade him to give up smoking.
他们极力劝说他放弃吸烟,但枉费了一番口舌。
After his success,he became vain. 成功后,他变得自负起来。
【词汇拓展】
a vain attempt/effort　　徒劳的尝试/努力
become vain 变得自负/虚荣
...we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain...
……我们在这里下定了很大的决心,不让这些死去的人白白死去……(P45)
15
as well as 又；和；也
◆ as well as 又;和;也
Electric energy can be changed into light energy as well as into sound energy.
电能既可以变为声能,又可以变为光能。
As well as printing the books,he publishes them.
除了印刷这些书之外,他还把它们出版发行了。
【词汇拓展】
as well as　　　　 和……一样好
as well 也(相当于too,一般放在句末)
might/may as well 不妨……;还是……的好
He listened to their stories and observed their day-to-day lives,as well as conducting interviews with Mao Zedong and other leaders.他倾听他们的故事,观察他们的日常生活,并对毛泽东和其他领导人进行采访。(P47)
1. in memory of
2. take place
3. at a great cost
4. suffer for
5. look to
6. set down
7. die for
8. bring forth
9. dedicate to
10. engage in
11. in a larger sense
12. struggle
13. it
14. in vain
15. as well as
纪念; 为了纪念
发生,举行
付出巨大代价；代价惨重
因……而遭受；因……受罚/受苦
指望；展望；注意；照看；照管；留心
记下;放下;登记
渴望，切望，迫切想要；为了……而死
产生；发表；生孩子；创造潜能
献身；把……用于；致力于；奉献 to是介词。
复习回顾
从事于（参加）；参加；忙于
在更大的意义上；从更大的角度
vi.& n.斗争;拼搏;努力;挣扎
用作形式宾语，to do sth做真正宾语
徒劳，无效，徒然；白费力气地；白白地
又；和；也
Abraham Lincoln，President of the United States of America，made a speech on 19 November,1863 in Gettysburg，Pennsylvania in memory of the soldiers who 1.________(die)．At that time，America was 2.________(bitter) divided.For two years，its people had been deep in a civil war between South and North.The Union side won but 3.__ a great cost.People lost hope and purpose.Lincoln understood the feelings of the 4.________(civil) people.His speech gave them hope,5.______(believe) and a reason to look to the future.He gave them a new vision of 6.____ the United States of America should be,7._____(base) on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.8.__ was what the soldiers had died for.Now it was up to the living 9._________(remove) not only the divisions between North and South,10.___ the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
had died
bitterly
at
civilian
belief
what
based
It
to remove
but
Summary
What do you think of Lincoln Write down your ideas and give information to support your ideas.
Homework