外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Using language 课件（共41张，内嵌音频）

(共41张PPT)
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
Using language
To learn the structure and understand the main usage of “It” as an empty subject.
To use the grammar and describe a city using “It” as an empty subject.To know a passage about “global village”.
To listen to a conversation for the main idea and detailed information.
To know some expressions of showing interest and describing a common phenonmenon.
To talk about another phenomenon of the global village.
Learning objectives
Words and expressions
realistic adj. （目标、希望）能够实现的 41
minority n. 少数派；少数 41
cast v. 选派（角色） 41
inclusive adj. 包容广阔的 42
culture shock 文化冲击 42
joint adj. 联合的，共同的 42
harmonious adj. 和睦的，融洽的 42
mutual adj. 共有的，共同的 42
rewarding adj. 值得做的，有意义的 42
It as an empty subject
It做形式主语
What have we learnt about it
1. I dropped my watch and it broke.
2. There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.
3. What’s this It’s a new machine.
4. It is Friday today.
5. It was very cold last Monday.
6. It lies in the south of Anhui.
7. It is about 8:30 now.
8. It is about 25km from my city to the capital.
9. It is 39 degree! You got a high fever!
something
somebody
pronoun
date
weather
place
time
distance
temperature
Lead-in
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
But it vital not to take any chances.
c. It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries.
1 What does “it” refer to in sentences (a) and (c)
“It” refers to “not to take any chances” in sentence (a) and “to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries” in sentences (c).
Activity 1
1
But it vital not to take any chances.
b. But not to take any chances is vital.
c. It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries.
d. To remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national boundaries is important.
2.What is the difference between the sentences in each group Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c) instead of (b) and (d)
The first sentences in each group use “it” as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences.
The reason why sentences (a) and (c) are chosen is that the sentences are kept balanced and the key information of the sentences is emphasized.
Activity 1
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
1
Now look for more sentences with this structure in the reading passage.
...it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.
It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfono, not mention all...
... it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community...
Activity 1
It 作形式主语
位置
含义
翻译
指代内容
作用
句首
避免句子头重脚轻
真正的主语替换it
无含义
to do sth
v-ing
that从句
（1）不定式。句子的谓语可以是：
① be+形容词；
e.g. It is important ________ (know) your limitations.
知道自己的局限性是很重要的。
② be+名词；
e.g. It is a good idea _____ _(have) a little notebook handy.
手边有个小笔记本是个好主意。
③ be+介词短语；
e.g. It is against the law to do that.
这样做是违法的。
④ 及物动词+宾语+不定式
e.g. It gives me great pleasure to see the movie.
观看电影让我很高兴。
一、It做形式主语的基本用法：
to know
to have
（2）动名词。
① 用no good, no use, great fun, a new experience等名词作表语；
e.g. It is fun working for him.
为他工作很有意思。
② 也可用某些形容词作表语；
e.g. Do you think it is worth quarreling with him？
你认为和他吵值得吗？
③ 一些其他的谓语形式。
e.g. Does it matter wasting a little money
稍微浪费一点钱行吗？
一、It做形式主语的基本用法：
（3）主语从句。
可以是that引导的；例：
一、It做形式主语的基本用法：
It is strange that it hasn‘t been noticed before.
真奇怪，它以前没有引起注意。
It is a wonder that he is still alive.
他居然还活着，真是个奇迹。
It happened that the harvest was bad that year.
碰巧，那年的收成不好。
It is said that there was an earthquake in Japan.
据说日本发生了地震。
二、It做形式主语时的常用句型：
（1）It is clear/ obvious/ true/ possible/ certain/... that ...
e.g. It is obvious that he's late.
很明显他迟到了。
（2）It is important/ necessary/ right/ strange/ natural/...
that ...(should) do...
e.g. It is necessary that you do enough exercises before
the race.
你在比赛前做足够的运动是有必要的。
（3）It is said/ reported/ learnt/... that...
e.g. It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game.
据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
二、It做形式主语时的常用句型：
（4）It is suggested/ ordered/ required/... that ...(should) do...
e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
人们建议推迟会议。
（5）It is a pity/ shame/ ... that...
e.g. It is a pity that you didn't see such a good film.
真可惜你没看到这么好的电影。
（6）It happens /seems/ looks/ appears/... that...
e.g. It happens that I know him. 碰巧我认识他。
（7）It looks/ seems as if...
e.g. It looks as if he is wrong. 看起来像是他错了。
二、It做形式主语时的常用句型：
（8）It doesn't matter whether/ if...
e.g. It doesn't matter if you miss the bus, because there's
another one 15 minutes later.
你错过了这一趟公交车也没关系，15分钟后还有一趟。
（9）It takes... (some time) to do...
e.g. It took us three hours to get there.
去那里要花费我们三个小时。
（10）It is + 形容词+ (of sb)+ to do...
e.g. It is kind of you to think so much of us.
你为我们考虑那么多，你真是太好了。
Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
It is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get roles in American film and television.
It is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a leading actor in Hollywood.
It is more common than before for women to write and direct Hollywood films.
It is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as Asian characters.
Activity 2
2
2. Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.
According to the “2017 Hollywood Diversity Report”, to get roles in American film and television is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities. This is another small but important advance against gender and racial discrimination.
The report analysed 200 films released in 2015 and 1,206 TV shows from 2014 to 2015, and discovered that to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors. In more good news, to write and direct Hollywood films is more common than before for women.
The bad news is that there is still a long way to go. Leading roles are more likely to be given to white actors. Asian American actors, in particular, still face problems. Even now, to cast white actors as Asian characters is seen as acceptable by film studios. But at least the report shows that things are ④moving slowly in the right direction.
Activity 2
根据《2017好莱坞多元化报告》，女性和少数族裔在美国电影和电视中获得角色不再那么困难。这是反对性别和种族歧视的又一个微小但重要的进展。
该报告分析了2015年上映的200部电影和24年至2015年播出的1206部电视剧，发现成为好莱坞的主角如今是少数族裔演员们更能实现的愿望。更多的消息是，对于女性来说，编写和导演好莱坞电影比以前更普遍了。
坏消息是还有很长的路要走。主角更有可能是白人演员。特别是亚裔美国演员，仍然面临问题。即使是现在，由白人演员扮演亚洲角色也被电影制片厂所接受。但至少报告显示，事情正在朝着正确的方向缓慢发展。
Activity 2
racial discrimination 种族歧视；种族鄙视
If you look closely at many of the peoblems in society, you’ll see evidence of racial discrimination.
如果你仔细思考社会中的很多问题，你就会发现种族歧视的证据。
a long way to go很长一段路要走；路漫漫
School lunches are getting healthier, but they still have a long way to go.
学校午餐越来越健康了，但还有许多待改进之处。
in particular(= particularly)尤其，特别
He loves science fiction in particular.他特别喜欢科幻小说。
Why should he notice her car in particular
他为什么要特别注意她的轿车呢？
④ move in the right direction朝正确的方向前进/发展
We will move our country in the right direction.
我们将推动国家沿着正确的方向前进。
Language Points
Activity 2
Describe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject.
Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colours in the same class. It is possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects. It is easy for people to find products from all over the world. It is not difficult for foreigners to settle down and find a job. It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company.
3
Activity 3
Describe one of the cities using it as an empty subject where appropriate. Do online research if necessary.
Toronto
Shanghai
London
Sydney
Activity 4
4
Activity 4
The global village
Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming
more and more connected, as if the world were
getting smaller-- as if we were living in a “global
village”.
Technology is largely responsible for bringing people together. Channels of communication, such as the mobile phone and the Internet, have made it possible to speak instantly with someone on the other side of the planet, enabling us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures. The television,
Activity 5
Read the passage and anser the questions. Pay attention to the expressions in bold.
5
meanwhile, is a window on the world, giving us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles.
Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome culture shock. But inclusiveness doesn’t mean that our cultures
will merge into one another. Rather, it’s about countries and people
making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits.
Activity 5
Read the passage above and answer the questions. Pay
attention to the expressions in bold.
1 What phenomenon does the passage describe
It describes the phenomenon of the “global village” as related to
the promotion of technological and cultural exchange.
2 What effect does technology have on cultural exchange
Technology enables us to form close connections with people of
completely different cultures and gives us quick and easy access
to other cultures and lifestyles.
Activity 5
5
5. Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the expressions in bold.
Nowadays, people all over the world are becoming more and more connected, as if the world were getting smaller --- as if we were living in a “global village”.
Technology ⑤is largely responsible for bringing people together. Channels of communication, such as the mobile phone and the Internet, have made it possible to speak instantly with someone on the other side of the planet, ⑥enabling us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures. The television, meanwhile, is a window on the world, ⑦giving us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles.
Cultural exchange helps us to be more inclusive and to overcome ⑧culture shock. But inclusiveness doesn’t mean that our cultures will ⑨merge into one another. Rather, it’s about countries and people ⑩making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits.
The global village 地球村
Activity 5
译文：
如今，世界各地的人们越来越紧密地联系在一起，仿佛世界变得越来越小---仿佛我们生活在一个“地球村”里。
技术主要是负责把人们聚集在一起。移动电话和互联网等通信渠道使我们能够与地球另一端的人即时交谈，使我们能够与文化完全不同的人建立密切联系。与此同时，电视是一扇通向世界的窗户，让我们快速、便捷地接触到其他文化和生活方式。
文化交流有助于我们更加包容，和克服文化冲突。但包容并不意味着我们的文化会融合在一起。相反，它意味着国家和人民共同努力一同创造一个更加和谐包容的世界，这样我们才能互惠互利。
1.What phenomenon does the passage describe
2.What effect does technology have on cultural exchange
The global village 地球村
It describes the phenomenon of the “global village” as related to the promotion of
technological and cultural exchange.
Technology enables us to form close connections with people of completely different
cultures and gives us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestycles.
Activity 5
⑤ be responsible for对...负责；是...的原因
You have the right to maske a choice, but you shouild be responsible for it.
你有选择的权利，但你应该为自己的选择负责。
⑥ enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事
The skills that you have enable you to do the job.
你所拥有的技能，让你可以做好你的工作。
⑦ givie access to使接触；准许出入；接见
The Changjiang River would give access to much of China’s interior.
长江使得人们能够到达中国内陆许多地方。
⑧ culture shock文化冲击；文化冲突；文化休克
So it’s a bit of a culture sock for you
所以这对你来说算是文化冲击？
America was a big culture shock for me at first.
刚开始，美国对我来说是一个巨大的文化冲击。
Language Points
Activity 5
⑨ merge into融合，融入，并入；结合
Eventually, all things merge into one and a river runs through it.
直到最后，万物都融为一体，有一条河流在其间流过。
⑩ make a joint effort to do sth. 共同努力做某事
We are willing to make a joint effort with Japan to come to the end.
中方愿与日方共同为此作出努力。
Language Points
Activity 5
Complete the letter with the correct form of the expressions in Activity 5.
Dear Editor,
Your article about living in a global village really struck a chord with me because I’ve just returned from a teaching project in Cambodia and Thailand. I had been worried about the 1___________, but fortunately the other volunteers and local teachers were really
welcoming. We were able to 2 _________________________ each other as well as our students. Throughout, we made 3___________ to make our classes a success, so that we could all enjoy the 4______________ of working well together. It was rewarding to see how our work helped 5____________________ from different cultures. Before I went, TV and the Internet were my 6_____________________, but being there in person was even better. I think the experience has taught me to 7________________ and I can’t wait to do it all over again.
Paul
culture shock
form close connections with
a joint effort
mutual benefits
Activity 6
bring people together
window on the world
be more inclusive
6
亲爱的编辑，
你那篇关于住在地球村的文章真的引起了我的共鸣，因为我刚从柬埔寨和泰国的一个教学项目回来。我一直担心文化冲击，但幸运的是，其他志愿者和当地教师都非常热情。我们彼此之间以及与学生之间能够形成密切的联系。自始至终，我们共同努力，使我们的课堂都很成功，使我们都能享受到共同协作带来的共同的好处。看到我们的工作如何帮助来自不同文化的人聚集在一起是很有意义的。在我去之前，电视和互联网是我了解世界的窗口，但亲临现场更好。我认为这次经历教会了我更加包容，我迫不及待地想再做一次。
保罗
Activity 6
strike a chord with sb.引起某人的共鸣；感同身受
I am deep in love because you are in my heart, if something strike a chord with me, only you.
这是我最稀饭的一句英文了，因为正如这句话所说，只有你能拨动我的心弦。
in person亲自；本人
He comes in person.他是亲自来的。
It was the first time she had seen him in person.
这是她第一次见到他本人。
Language Points
Activity 6
Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea.
1 More and more foreign words and expressions are entering
the English language, especially those about food.
2 Chinese food is popular in the UK, and many Chinese words
and expressions are entering English dictionaries as a result.
3 Intercultural communication is increasing, and people all over
the world have a better understanding of each other.
4 World sports are bringing people together in the same way
that food is.
Activity 7
7
Listen again and complete the table.
regional words are making it
wonton
the food we buy and eat
all kinds of food
a lot of choices
Italian, French and Japanese restaurants
use chopsticks
connecting people
people in Britain eating Chinese food
pizza while watching the same game
Now talk about more examples of each phenomenon.
Activity 8
8
Listening text
Katie: Hey Robbie, I constantly come across new words in online newspapers. Do you know what this word means “Grockle”.
Robbie: [looking and laughing] Oh, it's a word used in Devon（德文，英国的一个郡名）. It refers to a tourist.
Katie: Really No wonder I haven't heard it before. We in Liverpool（利物浦） never use it. I wonder if it's in the dictionary. Let me look up the dictionary on my mobile phone.[sound of pressing buttons on mobile phone] Yes, here it is! I guess more and more regional words are making it into dictionaries these days.
Robbie: That's interesting. And I suppose you have the variations of English from around the world to think about, too.
Activity 8
Katie: Yes. Did you know that “wok(炒锅)” is a Cantonese word, for example It's a particular type of pan.
Robbie: Is it really I only knew that words like chow mein(炒面), wonton（馄饨） and chop suey（炒杂碎） are all from Chinese.
Katie: In fact, there are more and more Chinese words and expressions making their way into English.
Robbie: Right. Especially with more and more people learning Chinese. It is really amazing how much English has changed over the last few decades.
Activity 8
Katie: I agree. And actually, the changes don't just happen to the words we use, but also the food we now find in shops and restaurants. For example, I often go shopping in a large Asian supermarket not far from where I live. There are all kinds of foods from Asia, like bamboo shoots（竹笋） and durian fruit（榴莲）.
Robbie: Really When I eat out with my friends, we often go to a Chinese restaurant, although there are lots of other restaurants to choose from, such as Italian, French and Japanese. I also find it interesting to see just how many Europeans know how to use chopsticks.
Activity 8
Katie: Indeed. Nowadays, you don't need to go abroad to enjoy food from other parts of the world. No wonder it isn't a surprise to see people in Britain eating Chinese food while watching the UEFA Champions League live.
Robbie: And it is not unusual to find, on the other side of the world, people enjoying pizza while watching the same game.
Katie: Exactly. And besides food, sports also play an important role in connecting people.
Robbie: The world is getting smaller and smaller. As is often said, we're living in a global village.
Activity 8
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Really
That’s interesting.
Is it really
It is really amazing…
I also find it interesting to see …
No wonder it isn’t a surprise to see…
It is not unusual to find…
Showing
interest
Describing a common phenomenon.
Activity 9
9
Work in pairs.
Talk about another phenomenon of the global village
using the expressions in this section.
Now think about any difficulties you encountered during
your discussion and what you did to overcome them.
Activity 10
10
1. Remember all the new words and expressions in this section.
2. Try to recite all the grammar points we have learned.
Homework