外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 A delicate world Understanding ideas语言点 课件（共37张，内嵌音频）

(共37张PPT)
Unit 5 Understanding ideas
MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
Word and expressions
halfway adj. 中间的，半途的 50
dramatically adv. 显著地 50
heritage n. 遗产；传统 50
inhabitant n. 栖居的动物 50
penguin n. 企鹅 50
habitat n. 栖息地 50
rat n. 大老鼠 50
subsequently adv. 后来，随后 50
appetite n. 胃口，食欲 50
multiply v. （使）大大增加，倍增 50
vegetation n. 植物，草木（总称） 50
erosion n. 侵蚀 50
parakeet n. 长尾（小）鹦鹉 51
chaos n. 大混乱；紊乱 51
conservation n. 保护 51
virus n. 病毒 51
decrease v. （使）变小，减少 51
trap n. 夹子，陷阱 51
departure n. 离开 51
immunity n. 免疫力 51
explode v. 突然增加 51
collapse v. 倒坍；塌下 51
substantial adj. 大量的，多的 51
incident n. 事件 51
intervention n. 干预，介入 51
owe v. 应该做；对...负有...的义务 51
postscript n. 附言 51
pest n. 有害小动物；害虫 51
ecology n. 生态 51
重点词汇
1.　　　　　 　　　n. 栖息地
2.　　 　　　 adv.后来,随后
3.　　　　　 n.胃口,食欲
4.　　　　　 v.(使)大大增加,(使)倍增
5.　　　 　　 n.保护
6.　　　　　 v.(使)变小 ;(使)减少
habitat　
subsequently　
appetite
multiply　
conservation　
decrease　
7.　　　　　 n.夹子;陷阱
8.　　　　　 v.突然增加
9.　　　　　 n.事件
10.　　　　　 v. 应该做;对……
负有……的义务
trap
explode　
incident　
owe
11.halfway adj.　　　　　　　
12.dramatically adv. 　　　　　　　
13.inhabitant n.　　　　　　　
14.erosion n. 　　　　　　　
15.chaos n. 　　　　　　　
16.virus n. 　　　　　　　
17.immunity n.　　　　　　　
18.collapse v. 　　　　　　　
19.substantial adj. 　　　　　　　
20.　　　　　n.生态;生态学→　　　　　adj.生态的,生态学的
中间的,半途的
显著地　
栖居的动物　
侵蚀　
大混乱;紊乱
病毒　
免疫力　
倒坍;塌下　
大量的,多的
ecology
ecological
重点短语
1.　　　　　　接管;接收
2.　　　　　 灭绝
3.　　　　　 结果是
4.　　 　　　 参加
5.　　　 　　 想出;提出
6.　　　　　 欠……;把……
归因于;把……归功于
7.be native to 　　　 　　
8.out of control　 　　　　　　
9.remove from... 　　　　　　
10.in consequence 　　　　
11.or so _____________
take over　
die out　
turn out
participate in　
come up with　
owe...to...
原产于;源于……　
失控　
从……移除　
因此;结果　
大约
课文架构解析
I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South-west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty. No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seal, existed
in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
副词修饰contrast
形式宾语
宾语从句
否定副词放在句首引起句子部分倒装
没能做成
how引导的宾语
和谐共存
Analyze the key points of the text
Paragraph 1
But the island’s more recent history tells a different story. It’s a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the
birds, too.
定语从句
定语从句
占领
现在分词短语作结果状语
副词修饰整个句子
对……产生兴趣
Paragraph 2
Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best— they multipled rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased. This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds. The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891.
副词，与此同时
作为
形容词短语作状语，逻辑主语为they
宾语从句
非限制性定语从句
分词短语作状语
宾语从句
结果
表语从句
“导致”， to为介词，后接名词或动词-ing形式
Paragraph 3
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbis remained out of control. Experts felt it nccessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 1 30,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats. The rats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds, killing up to 60,000 each year. In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
仍然不受控制
it作形式宾语
to do不定式为真正宾语
with复合宾语结构作状语
让步状语从句
从……下降到·……
结果
分词短语作结果状语
被用来做……
Paragraph 4
But as the saying goes, “While the cat’s away, the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase. And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. Then, in 2006, the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
正如谚语所说
山中无老虎，猴子称大王
with复合宾语结构作状语
结果，证明
主语从句
大量的
形式宾语
宾语从句
sth. need doing某事需要被做
Paragraph 5
So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. The first step involved poison
being dropped from helicopters. The next step is to remove the last remnaining invading species, and that’s where I come in—with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
参加，参与
目的状语
后置定语
现在分词作前置定语
表语从句
应该为……做……
相当于all
Paragraph 6
语言点解析
1. Nor would they fail...
2. fail to do
3. in harmony with
4. develop an appetite for
5. be introduced to
6. soil erosion
7. out of control
8. remove...from...
9. decrease from... to...
10. in consequence
11. killing up to 60,000 each year
12. trap
13. turn out
14. explode
15. a substantial number of
16. once and for all
17. every last
18. owe it to ... to do
词、短语及句型
1
Nor would they fail... nor 位于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。
【句型分析】nor 位于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。
(1)部分倒装是把be/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面,即助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词。
(2)否定词位于句首时要部分倒装,高考常考的词汇有: never, not, nor, neither, seldom, hardly, nowhere, little, not until, by no means, in no sense, at no time等。
Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也能想到岛上的原居动物,包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅、象海豹, 几千年来一直与它们的自然栖息地和谐共处。(P50)
1
Nor would they fail... nor 位于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。
“助动词 /情态动词 /系动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词”举例：
Tina wouldn’t agree with me. Nor would she discuss with me.
蒂娜不会同意我的观点,她也不会和我讨论。
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher
satisfied with my progress.
我已经非常努力地提高我的英语水平,但老师对我的进步一点也不满意。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
直到孩子睡着了,妈妈才离开房间。
2
fail to do 未能做成某事，表示否定概念，和否定词连用时表示肯定概念。
The great bridge canot fail to stop you in your tracks.
这座宏伟的大桥一定会让你止步观赏。
I needn’t add that if you fail to do as I ask, you will suffer the consequences.
我不必再说了，如果你不能按我说的做，你要承担一切后果。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
I don’t lose heart when I fail to do something.
当我没能做好某件事情的时候，我并不灰心。
They also fail to realize how much they eat.他们也没意识到自己吃了多少。
Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants,including royal penguins,king penguins and elephant seals,existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.他们也能想到岛上的原居动物,包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅、象海豹,几千年来一直与它们的自然栖息地和谐共处。(P50)
3
in harmony with(to agree with another idea or feeling, and look good with other things)与...协调；与...一致；和谐
We must ensure that tourism development is in harmony with the environment.
我们必须确保旅游发展与环境保持和谐一致。
The only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。
The conversation should be in harmony with the surroundings.
谈话应该与环境协调一致。
His tastes were in harmony with hers, which brought them into harmony.
他的爱好同她的爱好协调，这使得他们很融洽。
Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也能想到岛上的原居动物,包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅、象海豹, 几千年来一直与它们的自然栖息地和谐共处。(P50)
4
develop an appetite for产生对...的欲望；对...有了胃口
The sight of the steaming mutton developed his appetite for the meal.
看到这些热气腾腾的羊肉他对这顿大餐来了胃口。
He doesn’t develop an appetite for eating fish.他对吃鱼没有胃口。
Suzy developed an interset in viloin when she was just a child.
苏子还是孩子的时候就对小提琴产生了兴趣。
He has developed the habit of reading before going to bed.
他已经养成了睡前阅读的习惯。
They have developed an immunity to the virus.他们已经对这种病毒产生了免疫力。
Unfortunately，the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds，too.但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。(P50)
【词汇拓展】
develop a taste for 对...产生了兴趣
develop an interest in 对...产生了兴趣
develop a close friendship with 与……产生了亲密的友谊
develop the habit of 养成了……的习惯
develop (an) immunity to 对……产生免疫力
5
be introduced to被介绍给，被引见给；向……做介绍
You’ll also be introduced to many new people.
你也会被引见给很多陌生人。
I’d like to be introduced to your friends.
我想要你将我介绍给你的朋友。
If you want to be introduced to the author, I think I can arrange it.
如果您想要被介绍给那个作者，我想我可以安排。
The Chinese silk was introduced to numerous other countries, including India. 中国的丝绸被引入其他许多国家，其中包括印度。
Meanwhile，rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。(P50)
6
soil erosion 水土流失；土壤侵蚀；泥土流失
Soil erosion decreased their crop yields.
土壤侵蚀降低了他们的作物产量。
Serious soil erosion, acid rain and polluted waterways also affect the lives of millions.
严重的土壤侵蚀、酸雨和河道污染也在影响着千百万人的生活。
Trees can reduce water and soil loss and soil erosion.
树木可以减少水土流失和土壤侵蚀。
Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，which caused soil erosion. 由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事……飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。（P50）
7
out of control 失去控制；失控
The fire is burning out of control.
火势失控。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
A truck ran out of control on the hill.
一辆卡车在山上失去了控制。《牛津词典》
The boy is wild and completely out of control.
这男孩缺乏管教，简直是无法无天。《牛津词典》
The gossip then grew and became out of control.
流言不断传播，后来变得越来越失控。
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s，the rabbits remained out of control. 即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护后，兔子仍然不受控制。(P51)
8
remove...from... 从……清除……; 除掉；移走；从……中移开/拿走
As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven.
蛋糕一烤好，就把它从烤箱里移出来。
He removed a blood from his clothes.
他从衣服上清除血渍。
She had to remove money from her account.
她不得不从她的账户里取款。
Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to
remove all the rabbits from the island. 专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。(P51)
9
decrease from... to... 从……减少到……
But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000,it also meant less food for the cats.但是虽然病毒导致兔子的数量从十三万减少到了一万,但是这也意味着猫的食物变得更少了。(P51 )
Both unemployed,the couple had to decrease their household expenses
from $1,000 to $500 per month.
夫妇俩都失业了,每月的家庭开支不得不从1 000美元减少到500美元。
The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210减少到160.《牛津词典》
The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96.
独立公司的数量从198家减到了96家。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
9
decrease v.减少　n.减少,缩减
◆ decrease v.减少　n.减少,缩减
These measures will help decrease the cost of production.
这些措施有助于降低生产成本。
There is a sudden decrease in the species. 物种急剧减少。
【词汇拓展】
decrease by... 减少了… (指减少的差值)
decrease to... 减少到… (指减少后的最终结果)
on the decrease 在减少
The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
该城市去年交通事故减少了30%。
The population decreased to 1 million last year. 人口去年减少到100万。
Is your production on the decrease 你们的产量在减少吗
10
in consequence(uesd for saying that one thing is the result of another)因此；结果；因而
He worked hard, and in consequence he passed the examniation.
他学习刻苦，结果通过了考试。
He suffered much in consequence.
他结果受了很大损失。
I forget to bring my umbrella with me, and have to walk home in rain in consequence.
我忘记带雨伞，只好冒雨步行回家。
The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds，killing up to 60，000 each year. 因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60,000只。(P51)
11
killing up to 60,000 each year 动词-ing短语作结果状语,表示预料/情理之中的结果。
【句型分析】该句子中killing up to 60,000 each year为动词-ing短语作结果状语,表示预料/情理之中的结果。
Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.
不幸的是,他的父亲去世了,使得家境更加贫困。
The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊,引起了人们高度关注在校学生的安全。
His wife died last year, leaving him two children.
他妻子去年去世了，撇下两个孩子。
比较：不定式做结果状语，表示难以预料的或意料之外的结果，如：
I rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked.
我冲到门旁，结果发现门被锁上了。
The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds, killing up to 60,000 each year.结果猫把猎食目标转回到当地的鸟类身上,每年杀死多达六万只。(P51)
12
trap n.陷阱;圈套;计谋;夹子　v.诱捕;设陷阱;困住
【词汇拓展】
set a trap　　　　　　设陷阱
be caught in a trap 落入圈套;落入陷阱
be trapped in... 困在……里;陷入……
◆ trap n.陷阱;圈套;计谋;夹子　v.诱捕;设陷阱;困住
The fox could not be easily trapped by the farmer.
那只狐狸不会轻易落入农夫的陷阱。
Some women see marriages as traps.有些女性把婚姻看作是陷阱。
Set a trap over that mouse hole.在那个鼠洞上面设个陷阱。
He was trapped in a no-win situation.他陷入必败的处境。
In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. 在20世纪80年代, 陷阱和狗被用来抓猫。(P51)
13
turn out (以某种方式)发生；最后是，结果是；产生
It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again.它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。(P51)
I feel certain that it will all turn out well.
我觉得最后肯定一切都会很好。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
You never know how your children will turn out.
很难说子女将来的发展怎样。《牛津词典》
It didn’t turn out like I intended.
这结果与我的本意相悖。《牛津词典》
14
explode v.爆发;激增;(使)爆炸;突然(发出巨响,活跃起来,迸发感情)
◆ explode v.爆发;激增;(使)爆炸;突然(发出巨响,活跃起来,迸发感情)
Bombs were exploding all around the city.城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。
These fields are about to explode with innovation.
这些领域将会创新大爆发。
One hundred people were injured in the explosion.有100人在爆炸中受伤。
Every time they met,Mr.Black exploded with anger.
每次他们见面,布莱克先生都会非常生气。
【词汇拓展】
explosion n.　　　　　 爆炸;爆发;激增
explode with anger 勃然大怒
It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and
their numbers exploded once again.结果是它们形成了对病毒的免疫
力,它们的数量再次激增了。(P51)
15
a substantial number of 大量的；很多；多种
I encourage everyone in class to look at a substantial number of sources.
我鼓励班上的每个人都看大量的资料。
Many companies have a substantial number of computers.
许多公司有大量的电脑。
【词汇拓展】
substantial adj. 实质的，大量的，坚固的
The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.研究表明男女之间的观点有实质性的区别。
He made substantial donations to charity.他做了大量的慈善捐赠。
He ate a substantial breakfast.他吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
Then，in 2006，the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse，and killed a substantial number of penguins. 随后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。（P51）
16
once and for all(completely and finally)一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次
I need to have it out with her once and for all.
我有必要跟她公开彻底地把话说清楚。《牛津词典》
You are the key to your own happiness, so go ahead,unlock it once and for all. 你是自己快乐的钥匙，因此，往前走，一劳永逸地打开它。
We need to settle this once and for all.
我们需要把这事一次解决。《牛津词典》
These lessons can help rid the world of this virus, once and for all.
这些经验教训有助于我们将这一病毒从世界上永远除掉。
And so she’d decided it was time to end the problem once and for all.
于是她决定现在是一劳永逸地解决这个问题时候了。
This incident made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem
needed solving once and for all.这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子
泛滥的问题需要一次彻底的解决。(P51)
17
every last(=every single=all)，比every语气强烈，全部，每一个
My sister ate every last biscuit. 我妹妹吃掉了所有的饼干。
He captured every last detail. 他抓住了每一个细节。
We spent every last penny we had on the house.
我们把所有的钱都花在房子上了。《牛津词典》
When you eat, appreciate every last bite.
吃东西时，感激吃下的每一口。
Every last student put up his hand when asked who had read the novel.当问及有谁读过这部小说时，所有的学生都会举手。
They have been trained to find every last one，without harming the native animals. 这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。(P51)
18
owe it to ... to do应该为某人做某事；认为自己有必要为某人做某事
We owe it to the heroes to build a memorial.
我们应该给这些英雄建一座纪念碑。
We owe it to our children to clean up the environment.我们应该为孩子们治理环境。
Do you real think the Chinese owe it to anyone to express some level of gratitude for some thing that you had provided in this disaster
你真的认为，你在这场灾难中为中国人提供了某些物资，他们就欠你一个感激吗？
This intervention is a long,much-delayed ending to a sad story,but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 这种干涉是一个悲伤故事的拖延已久的结局, 但是我们人类欠这座岛一个幸福结局。(P51)
18
owe it to ... to do应该为某人做某事；认为自己有必要为某人做某事
You must pay me what you owe.你必须把你欠我的还给我。
He owes his success to hard work.他把他的成功归功于勤奋工作。
She still owes ￡3,000 to her father.她还欠她父亲3 000英镑。
I think maybe we owe you an apology.我认为我们应向你道歉。
Mary will take care of the baby—she owes me a favour.
玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。
Owing to the rain,the match was cancelled. 由于大雨,比赛被取消了。
【词汇拓展】
owe v.欠(钱、账、人情等);归功于;应感谢
owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.　欠某人某物
owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉
owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe...to... 把……归功于……;应感激……
owing adj. 欠着的;未付的
owing to=because of=on account of=due to 因为;由于
1. Nor would they fail...
2. fail to do
3. in harmony with
4. develop an appetite for
5. be introduced to
6. soil erosion
7. out of control
8. remove...from...
9. decrease from... to...
10. in consequence
11. killing up to 60,000 each year
12. trap
13. turn out
14. explode
15. a substantial number of
16. once and for all
17. every last
18. owe it to ... to do
nor 位于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。
未能做成某事，表否定概念；和否定词连用表肯定概念。
与……协调；与……一致；和谐
产生对……的欲望；对……有了胃口
被介绍给，被引见给；向……做介绍
水土流失；土壤侵蚀；泥土流失
失去控制；失控
从……清除……; 除掉；移走；从……中移开/拿走
从……减少到……
复习回顾
动词-ing短语作结果状语,表示预料/情理之中的结果。
n.陷阱;圈套;计谋;夹子　v.诱捕;设陷阱;困住
(以某种方式)发生；最后是，结果是；产生
v.爆发;激增;(使)爆炸;突然(发出巨响,活跃起来,迸发感情)
因此；结果；因而
大量的；很多；多种
一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次
比every语气强烈，全部，每一个
应该为某人做某事；认为自己有必要为某人做某事