外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas 课件（共55张，内嵌视频）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas 课件（共55张，内嵌视频） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-21 11:53:26 | ||
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(共55张PPT)
Unit 6 Developing ideas
Plan B: Life on Mars
B计划：在火星上生活？
阅读课件
To complete a quiz about Mars.
To figure out the structure of the passage.
To find out the detailed information in the passage.
To conduct an interview about living on Mars.
To deepen the understanding of the subject---survival, understand the importance of protecting the Earth and promote humans spirit of exploration and adaptability.
To write a survival story.
Learning objectives
Word and expressions
Mars n. 火星 68
advanced adj. 高级的；先进的 68
wipe v. 擦，拭，揩 68
wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭 68
nuclear adj. 核武器的 68
terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
68
hostile adj. （生长环境）恶劣的 68
unmanned adj. 无人驾驶（操纵）的 68
spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船 68
orbit v. 环绕...运行 68
stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 68
agency n. 机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处 69
consist v. 组成 69
consist of 由... 构成，由...组成 69
in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时 69
infer v. 推断，推定 70
expose v. 使暴露（于险境） 70
astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人 71
dust n. 沙土， 尘土 71
capsule n. （航天器的）密封舱，太空舱
71
exposure n. 暴露 71
trunk n. 树干 72
Watch a video about The Martian《火星救援》
Lead-in
1. Where is the person in the video
He was abandoned on Mars. Need help!
2. Can human beings stay alive on Mars What did he do in the video
It’s hard for humans beings to stay alive on Mars. However, he struggled to survive for a month before help arrives.
Now look at our text on page 68, and try to know more about Mars!
√
√
√
√
Work in plete the quiz and find out how much you know about Mars. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
1
Pre-reading
What do you know about Mars
About Mars
Located at an average distance from the Sun of 228 million kilometres, Mars is the fourth planet of the Solar System. It is also known as the Red Planet, because of its distinctive colour.
Mars is slightly more than half the size of Earth, with correspondingly lower gravity. It is a dry, rocky planet, with white polar “ice” caps that consist mostly of frozen carbon dioxide.
Since the 1960s, Mars has been the subject of several unmanned exploration missions. China’s Tianwen-1 Mars probe was launched successfully on 23 July 2020 and the Mars rover Zhurong successfully landed on the Red Planet on 15 May 2021 and then sent back its first images from the surface of Mars.
Read the passage to know more.
While-reading
Let’s enjoy the film mentioned in para 1.
What does the title mean
The title means moving to Mars one day will be human beings’ second choice for survival.
Choose the magazine in which you would most likely find this passage and give your reasons.
1. The Traveller
2. All About Space
3. Environmental Concerns
4. Biology for Fun
3
Read for structure
Plan B:
Life on Mars
Reasons
Exploration
Challenges
Future
Para 1~2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
While-reading
Para. 1
Considering great risks to life on Earth, human's Plan B for Earth is put forward.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life What is our Plan B for Earth
Why do we have Plan B for Earth
fear
solution
Plan B
Read for details
Para. 2
Humans choose to explore Mars to see if we coud live on it.
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity. More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
What’s Plan B
Why is Mars our Plan B
Read for details
Today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.
the Mars Desert Research Station
The Mars Village
Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity
More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet
Read for details
Para. 3
Humans have made efforts to land on Mars for researches.
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next twenty-five years.
How do human beings explore the Mars
1
2
3
Read for details
Para. 4
In order to make Mars a second home, humans have conducted experiments about the environments similar to that on Mars.
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth – ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world. Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward.
What are the challenges of moving to Mars
1
2
3
4
Read for details
What is the Biosphere 2 experiment
As early as 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. The “closed “ concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world.
Read for details
What did the Biosphere 2 experiment achieve
Although the two-year experiment was not a success. It did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward.
Read for details
Para. 5
Before human settlement of Mars, we should protect Earth better.
What should human beings do in the near future
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it’s the only one we have!
Read for details
Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.
1 Humans have yet not visited Mars.
2 People want to go to Mars on holiday.
3 There are plants growing on Mars.
4 The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.
5 One day，humans will have to go and live on another planet.
6 Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
7 The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
inferred from para. 3
inferred from para. 4
inferred from para. 1
inferred from para. 1
4
Post-reading
Sometimes, we need to form opinions and draw conclusions that are not directly stated within the given information. For example, from the sentence “While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation”, we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars. Headings and pictures can also help us make educated guesses about a text.
Learning to learn
有时，我们需要形成观点并得出结论，而这些观点和结论并不是在给定的信息中直接陈述的。例如，从句子“虽然月球可以在几天内到达，但到达火星需要几个月的时间，穿越危险的太阳辐射”，我们可以推断月球比火星暴露在危险的辐射下要少。标题和图片也可以帮助我们对文章做出有根据的猜测。
Now work in pairs. Find evidence to support your choices.
1. Humans have yet not visited Mars.
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.
4. The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles.
6. Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
7. The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
The two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better
understanding of how humans be able to live on another planet.
Think & share
1. Would you like to be one of the first people to live on Mars
Why or why not
2. Which is better, to live on Mars or to solve Earth's problems Why
No. It is hard to say if the conditions on Mars are safe and proper for human beings to live on it.
I think that it is better to try to solve Earth's prblems. On the one hand, Earth is the place where life began, where life has lived for billions of years. On the other hand, it is easier and safer for us to protect and save our planet than to move to another distant planet.
3. Can you think of a “Plan C” to save people from the problems on Earth
All countries get together to create the Community of Shared Future for Mankind. In pursuing its own development, any country promotes the common development of all countries. All should be aware that there is only one earth for mankind and all countries live in one world.
Countries should respect each other and treat each other as equals, pursue win-win cooperation for common development, ensure the security of common comprehensive cooperation and sustainable development, and promote inclusive exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations.
Think & share
4. What theme do the two reading passages in this unit have in common On what aspects does each pasage focus
The two passages share the theme of protecting our living environments. The first passage focuses on balancing nature and urban development, and the need for harmony between humans and animals. The second passage focuses on our need to protect Earth even if we intend to settle on other places such as Mars in future.
Think & share
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
1. Decide your roles.
2. Look at the sample questions about living on Mars and add
any more you can think of. Then write down some answers.
◎ What can you see from the window of the spacecraft
◎ Can you go outside
◎ How do you get food on Mars
◎ What do you miss about Earth
5
Questions Answers
1. What can you see from the window of the spacecraft
2. Can you go outside
3. How to get food on Mars
4. What do you miss about Earth
Sand dunes and stones are widespread, but dust storms stops me from seeing nothing.
It is extrememly hard to go out of the craft. Many unknown risks outside may occur.
We depend upon instant food for a living. The ready-to-use food were carried with us by craft.
Compared to Mars, Earth is really a paradise -- a perfect place to live for all the livings.
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
5
3. Act out the interview with your partner.
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
5
Now think about how well you performed in the interview. Vote in class for the best interview.
Even if there is Planet B, we have to take care of the one we have.
Writing
Writing a survival story
1. Where is the person in the story
2. What difficulties is he facing
3. What has he already done to stay alive
4. What will he do next
Read the story and answer the questions.
6
It's been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back
to Earth,...
He is on Mars.
◎ I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them.
◎ The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant. It might have just enough electricity for 8 months, if nothing goes wrong...
◎ Now I am worried about food. There is only enough for one person for 4 months...
2. What difficulties is he facing
He was left alone on Mars; losing contact with others; electricity for 8 months; food for one person for
4 months.
1. Where is the person in the story
Read the story and answer the questions.
6
◎ After resuming communication with the base five days later, I was informed that it will be 8 months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth.
◎ Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I’ve discover an underground ice deposit nearby.
3. What has he already done to stay alive
He has resumed communication with the base. What's more, he's discovered an underground ice deposit nearby.
4. What will he do next
He must work out how to farm on Mars and grow plants
with seeds.
Read the story and answer the questions.
6
How to survive in a dangerous place
◎ Where is the dangerous place eg. Antarctic, space, the jungle
◎ What are the dangers eg. animals, the cold, no air
◎ How do you manage to survive eg. catch fish, melt snow, make a fire
◎ How do you feel fident, anxious, optimistic
Imagine you have to survive in a dangerous place. Plan your story by answering the questions.
7
Now write your story.
如何写历险类记叙文
记叙文通常包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、事件的经过和事件的结果六大要素。历险类记叙文要求学生能够根据命题的要求，记叙发生在自己或他人身上的一次历险。
1.历险类记叙文写作应注意的问题:
(1)注意重点。历险类记叙文的重点应放在“历险”上，所发生的事情必须体现“险”，即具有危险性。
(2)体现意义。所记叙的这次历险，应具有一定的教育意义，能使读者受到一定的教育或启发。
(3)用对时态。历险类记叙文描述的通常是发生在过去的事情。因此，这类文章的时态大多采用与过去相关的时态:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。
2. 历险类记叙文的写作步骤如下:
(1)首段通常用两三句话交代历险的时间、地点和内容，起到开门见山的作用。
技法指导
How to survive in a dangerous place
(2)主体段应详细说明历险的经过。
(3)结尾段应对此次历险作出评价并表达自己的感受。该部分写作应与首段相呼应。
常用表达
(1)交代事件发生的时间、地点与主要人物:
①交代时间的常用表达:
one day, the other day, last week/month/year, a few days/weeks/months ago; when I was...years old; a long time ago; at six o'clock in the morning; at/on the weekend; by the end of last term; during the summer holidays; on Sunday morning
②交代地点的常用表达:
in my office; on the way to school; on the way home; at the crossing; at the end of the street; at the foot of the mountain; at the airport
③交代时间地点和相关人物的句型:
Sb. was doing... in some place when...=Sb. was about to do...when... = Sb. was on the point of doing.. when... =Sb. had just done... when...
技法指导
How to survive in a dangerous place
(2)交代事件经过
①常用词汇:
then; immediately; no sooner... than...; hardly... when..., while; when, as; not... until...
②常用句型:
At that moment, sb. did sth. Then sb. did sth.
(3)介绍事件的结果或谈论自己的感想
①常用词汇:
at last; finally, luckily/fortunately, to one's surprise; feel tired/delighted
②常用句型:
Personally, I think that...
What surprised/attracted/delighted us most was that...
Tired as we were, we learned what we couldn't learn in/at school.
Through this emergency, we learned something that couldn't be learned in class.
I was deeply impressed/moved/touched by... I learned a lot from...
What an unforgettable experience!
技法指导
How to survive in a dangerous place
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
8
[实例展示]
你在生活中有什么历险经历吗 请结合自己的生活实际，写一篇历险短文。写作要点如下:
1.事件发生的时间和地点;
2.事件发生的过程;
3.你的感想。
注意:100词左右。
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
8
[审题谋篇]
第一步:明确要求
本文应是一篇记叙文。话题为历险经历，文章的人称应以第一人称为主，由于所记叙的事件发生在过去，所以，文章时态应以一般过去时为主。
第二步:确定段落
第一段:介绍时间、地点和人物的基本信息;第二段:详细描写历险经历和个人感受;第三段:表达自己对历险经历的感悟。
第三步:提炼要点
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
8
[审题谋篇]
第四步:句式升级
1.我正想上学的时候，被困在了我家公寓的电梯里。
(一般表达)I was trapped in the lift of our flat when I wanted to go to school.
(高级表达) _______________________________________________________
2. 显然在电梯里感觉担心是毫无用处的。
(一般表达)Obviously, it was no use only feeling worried in the lift.
(高级表达) _______________________________________________________
I was trapped in the lift of our flat as I was about to go to school.
It was obvious that it was no use only feeling worried in the lift.
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
8
[连句成篇]
One day last month, I was trapped in the lift of our flat as I was about to go to school. The lift just came to a stop all of a sudden shortly after I got into it. I was alone in the lift and felt a bit frightened and worried at first, but I managed to make myself calm down. It was obvious that it was no use only feeling worried in the lift. First, I tried to cry for help, but no one seemed to be able to hear me from outside. I looked around and found there was an emergency bell on the wall. Just then, I knew I would be safe. I immediately rang the bell for help. Soon two guards came up and opened the door for me and let me out. Next time, stay calm in the face of danger, and soon you can find a way to protect yourself.
(156 words)
Sample
Presenting ideas
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1
The green lizards that lived in the lower branches and trunks of Florida's trees found themselves in trouble when a tougher species, the brown lizards, were introduced from Cuba.Without enough food to go around, and under pressure from the new arrivals, the green lizards moved higher up the trees, where it is harder to keep a grip on the smoother branches. The green lizards adapted quickly over a relatively short time of 15 years, and now they have bigger pads on their toes and stickier scales to help them stay high in the trees - and well away from their troublesome neighbours!
生活在佛罗里达州树的低层树枝和树干上的绿蜥蜴发现，当一种更强壮的物种——棕色蜥蜴从古巴引入时，它们陷入了困境。没有足够的食物，在新来者的压力下，绿蜥蜴爬到树的高处，在那里很难抓住光滑的树枝。绿蜥蜴在相对较短的15年时间内迅速适应了环境，现在它们的脚趾上有了更大的脚垫和更粘的鳞片，可以帮助它们呆在树上的高处，远离它们麻烦的邻居！
1. What happened to the green lizards What did they do to cope with it
2. What is the main message of the passage
Green lizards
Brown lizards
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. What happened to the green lizards What did they do to cope with it
They found themselves in trouble because a tougher species, the brown lizards, was introduced to the place where they lived.
The green lizards moved higher up the trees and soon adpated to the
new environment.
2. What is the main message of the passage
The main message is the survival of the fittest.
1
Work in groups. Find evidence to back up the main message and make notes. Do further research if necessary.
Evidence in nature:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence in society:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
the giraffe’s neck gets longer and longer in order to eat the high leaves.
The seeds of dandelions are getting lighter and lighter, and the flowers are blowing in the wind to new places to give birth to new life.
To see further, humans began to walk upright.
When Confucius was in trouble in the states of Chen and Cai, he wrote Chunqiu.
Qu Yuan was exiled by King Huai, so he wrote Li Sao.
Talk about the main message in more detail and make notes.
What the message means to you:
Situations that you could apply this message to:
Examples:
3
Prepare a short presentation. Consider the following:
1. the structure of your presentation
2. useful words, expressions and structures
4
What an Adventure!
It's been three days since I got separated from the other team members. We went hiking together on Monday, but became separated due to a heavy rainstorm. Without a compass, I lost direction, and now I am lost in dense jungle.
There are no roads at all, so I have to make my own way step by step. I have hurt both my hands quite badly from all the thorns - they are everywhere. To make things worse, I stumbled and sprained my ankle. The pain is killing me! Snakes, monkeys, insects and other animals appear from time to time. Yesterday, I heard the roar of a tiger from far away. I was terrified! I rub sticks together to make a fire every night to keep myself warm and safe. It's really a difficult technique to master, and it takes me several frustrating and worrying attempts every evening. I have to remind myself to be calm and optimistic at every moment.
Sample writing
Give your presentation to the class.
5
多么危险啊！
我和其他队员分开已经三天了。我们星期一一起去远足，但由于一场暴雨而走散了。没有指南针，我迷失了方向，现在我在茂密的丛林里迷路了。
根本就没有路，所以我必须一步一步地走自己的路。我的双手被荆棘刺得很疼，到处都是。更糟糕的是，我绊了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。我痛得要命！蛇、猴子、昆虫和其他动物不时出现。昨天，我听到远处传来老虎的吼声。我吓坏了！我每天晚上把树枝搓在一起生火，让自己温暖和安全。这确实是一项很难掌握的技术，每天晚上我都要做几次令人沮丧和担忧的尝试。我必须时刻提醒自己保持冷静和乐观。
Write a reflection after completing this unit. Consider the following:
1 What is your understanding of the survival of humankind and other species
2 What text types have you learnt about What are their features
3 What words, expressions and structures have you learnt
4 What improvement have you made in understanding different cultures
5 What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning
6 What improvement have you made in analysing and solving problems
Human beings are faced with serious 1._____________(environment) problems，which lead scientists to consider moving to Mars 2._____ the environment is less hostile than 3.____ of other planets.Mars 4.______________(fascinate) people since ancient times and relevant movies also gain much 5.__________(popular)．Spacecraft and robots have been sent to explore Mars since the 1960s，encouraging more 6._________(country) to plan manned missions.There is no doubt that humankind 7.________(draw) towards Mars despite some challenges,8.___ human settlement of Mars is still decades away.We have to admit that 9.__________(protect) our earth is the most urgent step right now.We need to take much better care of 10.____(we) own planet.
environmental
where
that
has fascinated
popularity
countries
is drawn
but
protecting
our
Summary
Write an article to the school newspaper about your ideas of “Plan C” to save people from the problems on Earth.
Homework
Unit 6 Developing ideas
Plan B: Life on Mars
B计划：在火星上生活？
阅读课件
To complete a quiz about Mars.
To figure out the structure of the passage.
To find out the detailed information in the passage.
To conduct an interview about living on Mars.
To deepen the understanding of the subject---survival, understand the importance of protecting the Earth and promote humans spirit of exploration and adaptability.
To write a survival story.
Learning objectives
Word and expressions
Mars n. 火星 68
advanced adj. 高级的；先进的 68
wipe v. 擦，拭，揩 68
wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭 68
nuclear adj. 核武器的 68
terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
68
hostile adj. （生长环境）恶劣的 68
unmanned adj. 无人驾驶（操纵）的 68
spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船 68
orbit v. 环绕...运行 68
stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 68
agency n. 机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处 69
consist v. 组成 69
consist of 由... 构成，由...组成 69
in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时 69
infer v. 推断，推定 70
expose v. 使暴露（于险境） 70
astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人 71
dust n. 沙土， 尘土 71
capsule n. （航天器的）密封舱，太空舱
71
exposure n. 暴露 71
trunk n. 树干 72
Watch a video about The Martian《火星救援》
Lead-in
1. Where is the person in the video
He was abandoned on Mars. Need help!
2. Can human beings stay alive on Mars What did he do in the video
It’s hard for humans beings to stay alive on Mars. However, he struggled to survive for a month before help arrives.
Now look at our text on page 68, and try to know more about Mars!
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Work in plete the quiz and find out how much you know about Mars. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
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Pre-reading
What do you know about Mars
About Mars
Located at an average distance from the Sun of 228 million kilometres, Mars is the fourth planet of the Solar System. It is also known as the Red Planet, because of its distinctive colour.
Mars is slightly more than half the size of Earth, with correspondingly lower gravity. It is a dry, rocky planet, with white polar “ice” caps that consist mostly of frozen carbon dioxide.
Since the 1960s, Mars has been the subject of several unmanned exploration missions. China’s Tianwen-1 Mars probe was launched successfully on 23 July 2020 and the Mars rover Zhurong successfully landed on the Red Planet on 15 May 2021 and then sent back its first images from the surface of Mars.
Read the passage to know more.
While-reading
Let’s enjoy the film mentioned in para 1.
What does the title mean
The title means moving to Mars one day will be human beings’ second choice for survival.
Choose the magazine in which you would most likely find this passage and give your reasons.
1. The Traveller
2. All About Space
3. Environmental Concerns
4. Biology for Fun
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Read for structure
Plan B:
Life on Mars
Reasons
Exploration
Challenges
Future
Para 1~2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
While-reading
Para. 1
Considering great risks to life on Earth, human's Plan B for Earth is put forward.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life What is our Plan B for Earth
Why do we have Plan B for Earth
fear
solution
Plan B
Read for details
Para. 2
Humans choose to explore Mars to see if we coud live on it.
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity. More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province.
What’s Plan B
Why is Mars our Plan B
Read for details
Today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.
the Mars Desert Research Station
The Mars Village
Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity
More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet
Read for details
Para. 3
Humans have made efforts to land on Mars for researches.
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next twenty-five years.
How do human beings explore the Mars
1
2
3
Read for details
Para. 4
In order to make Mars a second home, humans have conducted experiments about the environments similar to that on Mars.
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth – ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world. Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward.
What are the challenges of moving to Mars
1
2
3
4
Read for details
What is the Biosphere 2 experiment
As early as 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. The “closed “ concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world.
Read for details
What did the Biosphere 2 experiment achieve
Although the two-year experiment was not a success. It did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward.
Read for details
Para. 5
Before human settlement of Mars, we should protect Earth better.
What should human beings do in the near future
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it’s the only one we have!
Read for details
Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.
1 Humans have yet not visited Mars.
2 People want to go to Mars on holiday.
3 There are plants growing on Mars.
4 The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.
5 One day，humans will have to go and live on another planet.
6 Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
7 The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
inferred from para. 3
inferred from para. 4
inferred from para. 1
inferred from para. 1
4
Post-reading
Sometimes, we need to form opinions and draw conclusions that are not directly stated within the given information. For example, from the sentence “While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation”, we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars. Headings and pictures can also help us make educated guesses about a text.
Learning to learn
有时，我们需要形成观点并得出结论，而这些观点和结论并不是在给定的信息中直接陈述的。例如，从句子“虽然月球可以在几天内到达，但到达火星需要几个月的时间，穿越危险的太阳辐射”，我们可以推断月球比火星暴露在危险的辐射下要少。标题和图片也可以帮助我们对文章做出有根据的猜测。
Now work in pairs. Find evidence to support your choices.
1. Humans have yet not visited Mars.
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.
4. The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles.
6. Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
7. The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.
The two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better
understanding of how humans be able to live on another planet.
Think & share
1. Would you like to be one of the first people to live on Mars
Why or why not
2. Which is better, to live on Mars or to solve Earth's problems Why
No. It is hard to say if the conditions on Mars are safe and proper for human beings to live on it.
I think that it is better to try to solve Earth's prblems. On the one hand, Earth is the place where life began, where life has lived for billions of years. On the other hand, it is easier and safer for us to protect and save our planet than to move to another distant planet.
3. Can you think of a “Plan C” to save people from the problems on Earth
All countries get together to create the Community of Shared Future for Mankind. In pursuing its own development, any country promotes the common development of all countries. All should be aware that there is only one earth for mankind and all countries live in one world.
Countries should respect each other and treat each other as equals, pursue win-win cooperation for common development, ensure the security of common comprehensive cooperation and sustainable development, and promote inclusive exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations.
Think & share
4. What theme do the two reading passages in this unit have in common On what aspects does each pasage focus
The two passages share the theme of protecting our living environments. The first passage focuses on balancing nature and urban development, and the need for harmony between humans and animals. The second passage focuses on our need to protect Earth even if we intend to settle on other places such as Mars in future.
Think & share
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
1. Decide your roles.
2. Look at the sample questions about living on Mars and add
any more you can think of. Then write down some answers.
◎ What can you see from the window of the spacecraft
◎ Can you go outside
◎ How do you get food on Mars
◎ What do you miss about Earth
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Questions Answers
1. What can you see from the window of the spacecraft
2. Can you go outside
3. How to get food on Mars
4. What do you miss about Earth
Sand dunes and stones are widespread, but dust storms stops me from seeing nothing.
It is extrememly hard to go out of the craft. Many unknown risks outside may occur.
We depend upon instant food for a living. The ready-to-use food were carried with us by craft.
Compared to Mars, Earth is really a paradise -- a perfect place to live for all the livings.
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
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3. Act out the interview with your partner.
Work in pairs. Conduct an interview about living on Mars.
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Now think about how well you performed in the interview. Vote in class for the best interview.
Even if there is Planet B, we have to take care of the one we have.
Writing
Writing a survival story
1. Where is the person in the story
2. What difficulties is he facing
3. What has he already done to stay alive
4. What will he do next
Read the story and answer the questions.
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It's been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back
to Earth,...
He is on Mars.
◎ I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them.
◎ The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant. It might have just enough electricity for 8 months, if nothing goes wrong...
◎ Now I am worried about food. There is only enough for one person for 4 months...
2. What difficulties is he facing
He was left alone on Mars; losing contact with others; electricity for 8 months; food for one person for
4 months.
1. Where is the person in the story
Read the story and answer the questions.
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◎ After resuming communication with the base five days later, I was informed that it will be 8 months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth.
◎ Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I’ve discover an underground ice deposit nearby.
3. What has he already done to stay alive
He has resumed communication with the base. What's more, he's discovered an underground ice deposit nearby.
4. What will he do next
He must work out how to farm on Mars and grow plants
with seeds.
Read the story and answer the questions.
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How to survive in a dangerous place
◎ Where is the dangerous place eg. Antarctic, space, the jungle
◎ What are the dangers eg. animals, the cold, no air
◎ How do you manage to survive eg. catch fish, melt snow, make a fire
◎ How do you feel fident, anxious, optimistic
Imagine you have to survive in a dangerous place. Plan your story by answering the questions.
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Now write your story.
如何写历险类记叙文
记叙文通常包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、事件的经过和事件的结果六大要素。历险类记叙文要求学生能够根据命题的要求，记叙发生在自己或他人身上的一次历险。
1.历险类记叙文写作应注意的问题:
(1)注意重点。历险类记叙文的重点应放在“历险”上，所发生的事情必须体现“险”，即具有危险性。
(2)体现意义。所记叙的这次历险，应具有一定的教育意义，能使读者受到一定的教育或启发。
(3)用对时态。历险类记叙文描述的通常是发生在过去的事情。因此，这类文章的时态大多采用与过去相关的时态:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。
2. 历险类记叙文的写作步骤如下:
(1)首段通常用两三句话交代历险的时间、地点和内容，起到开门见山的作用。
技法指导
How to survive in a dangerous place
(2)主体段应详细说明历险的经过。
(3)结尾段应对此次历险作出评价并表达自己的感受。该部分写作应与首段相呼应。
常用表达
(1)交代事件发生的时间、地点与主要人物:
①交代时间的常用表达:
one day, the other day, last week/month/year, a few days/weeks/months ago; when I was...years old; a long time ago; at six o'clock in the morning; at/on the weekend; by the end of last term; during the summer holidays; on Sunday morning
②交代地点的常用表达:
in my office; on the way to school; on the way home; at the crossing; at the end of the street; at the foot of the mountain; at the airport
③交代时间地点和相关人物的句型:
Sb. was doing... in some place when...=Sb. was about to do...when... = Sb. was on the point of doing.. when... =Sb. had just done... when...
技法指导
How to survive in a dangerous place
(2)交代事件经过
①常用词汇:
then; immediately; no sooner... than...; hardly... when..., while; when, as; not... until...
②常用句型:
At that moment, sb. did sth. Then sb. did sth.
(3)介绍事件的结果或谈论自己的感想
①常用词汇:
at last; finally, luckily/fortunately, to one's surprise; feel tired/delighted
②常用句型:
Personally, I think that...
What surprised/attracted/delighted us most was that...
Tired as we were, we learned what we couldn't learn in/at school.
Through this emergency, we learned something that couldn't be learned in class.
I was deeply impressed/moved/touched by... I learned a lot from...
What an unforgettable experience!
技法指导
How to survive in a dangerous place
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
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[实例展示]
你在生活中有什么历险经历吗 请结合自己的生活实际，写一篇历险短文。写作要点如下:
1.事件发生的时间和地点;
2.事件发生的过程;
3.你的感想。
注意:100词左右。
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
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[审题谋篇]
第一步:明确要求
本文应是一篇记叙文。话题为历险经历，文章的人称应以第一人称为主，由于所记叙的事件发生在过去，所以，文章时态应以一般过去时为主。
第二步:确定段落
第一段:介绍时间、地点和人物的基本信息;第二段:详细描写历险经历和个人感受;第三段:表达自己对历险经历的感悟。
第三步:提炼要点
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
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[审题谋篇]
第四步:句式升级
1.我正想上学的时候，被困在了我家公寓的电梯里。
(一般表达)I was trapped in the lift of our flat when I wanted to go to school.
(高级表达) _______________________________________________________
2. 显然在电梯里感觉担心是毫无用处的。
(一般表达)Obviously, it was no use only feeling worried in the lift.
(高级表达) _______________________________________________________
I was trapped in the lift of our flat as I was about to go to school.
It was obvious that it was no use only feeling worried in the lift.
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s stories and share them with the class.
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[连句成篇]
One day last month, I was trapped in the lift of our flat as I was about to go to school. The lift just came to a stop all of a sudden shortly after I got into it. I was alone in the lift and felt a bit frightened and worried at first, but I managed to make myself calm down. It was obvious that it was no use only feeling worried in the lift. First, I tried to cry for help, but no one seemed to be able to hear me from outside. I looked around and found there was an emergency bell on the wall. Just then, I knew I would be safe. I immediately rang the bell for help. Soon two guards came up and opened the door for me and let me out. Next time, stay calm in the face of danger, and soon you can find a way to protect yourself.
(156 words)
Sample
Presenting ideas
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1
The green lizards that lived in the lower branches and trunks of Florida's trees found themselves in trouble when a tougher species, the brown lizards, were introduced from Cuba.Without enough food to go around, and under pressure from the new arrivals, the green lizards moved higher up the trees, where it is harder to keep a grip on the smoother branches. The green lizards adapted quickly over a relatively short time of 15 years, and now they have bigger pads on their toes and stickier scales to help them stay high in the trees - and well away from their troublesome neighbours!
生活在佛罗里达州树的低层树枝和树干上的绿蜥蜴发现，当一种更强壮的物种——棕色蜥蜴从古巴引入时，它们陷入了困境。没有足够的食物，在新来者的压力下，绿蜥蜴爬到树的高处，在那里很难抓住光滑的树枝。绿蜥蜴在相对较短的15年时间内迅速适应了环境，现在它们的脚趾上有了更大的脚垫和更粘的鳞片，可以帮助它们呆在树上的高处，远离它们麻烦的邻居！
1. What happened to the green lizards What did they do to cope with it
2. What is the main message of the passage
Green lizards
Brown lizards
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. What happened to the green lizards What did they do to cope with it
They found themselves in trouble because a tougher species, the brown lizards, was introduced to the place where they lived.
The green lizards moved higher up the trees and soon adpated to the
new environment.
2. What is the main message of the passage
The main message is the survival of the fittest.
1
Work in groups. Find evidence to back up the main message and make notes. Do further research if necessary.
Evidence in nature:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence in society:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
the giraffe’s neck gets longer and longer in order to eat the high leaves.
The seeds of dandelions are getting lighter and lighter, and the flowers are blowing in the wind to new places to give birth to new life.
To see further, humans began to walk upright.
When Confucius was in trouble in the states of Chen and Cai, he wrote Chunqiu.
Qu Yuan was exiled by King Huai, so he wrote Li Sao.
Talk about the main message in more detail and make notes.
What the message means to you:
Situations that you could apply this message to:
Examples:
3
Prepare a short presentation. Consider the following:
1. the structure of your presentation
2. useful words, expressions and structures
4
What an Adventure!
It's been three days since I got separated from the other team members. We went hiking together on Monday, but became separated due to a heavy rainstorm. Without a compass, I lost direction, and now I am lost in dense jungle.
There are no roads at all, so I have to make my own way step by step. I have hurt both my hands quite badly from all the thorns - they are everywhere. To make things worse, I stumbled and sprained my ankle. The pain is killing me! Snakes, monkeys, insects and other animals appear from time to time. Yesterday, I heard the roar of a tiger from far away. I was terrified! I rub sticks together to make a fire every night to keep myself warm and safe. It's really a difficult technique to master, and it takes me several frustrating and worrying attempts every evening. I have to remind myself to be calm and optimistic at every moment.
Sample writing
Give your presentation to the class.
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多么危险啊！
我和其他队员分开已经三天了。我们星期一一起去远足，但由于一场暴雨而走散了。没有指南针，我迷失了方向，现在我在茂密的丛林里迷路了。
根本就没有路，所以我必须一步一步地走自己的路。我的双手被荆棘刺得很疼，到处都是。更糟糕的是，我绊了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。我痛得要命！蛇、猴子、昆虫和其他动物不时出现。昨天，我听到远处传来老虎的吼声。我吓坏了！我每天晚上把树枝搓在一起生火，让自己温暖和安全。这确实是一项很难掌握的技术，每天晚上我都要做几次令人沮丧和担忧的尝试。我必须时刻提醒自己保持冷静和乐观。
Write a reflection after completing this unit. Consider the following:
1 What is your understanding of the survival of humankind and other species
2 What text types have you learnt about What are their features
3 What words, expressions and structures have you learnt
4 What improvement have you made in understanding different cultures
5 What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning
6 What improvement have you made in analysing and solving problems
Human beings are faced with serious 1._____________(environment) problems，which lead scientists to consider moving to Mars 2._____ the environment is less hostile than 3.____ of other planets.Mars 4.______________(fascinate) people since ancient times and relevant movies also gain much 5.__________(popular)．Spacecraft and robots have been sent to explore Mars since the 1960s，encouraging more 6._________(country) to plan manned missions.There is no doubt that humankind 7.________(draw) towards Mars despite some challenges,8.___ human settlement of Mars is still decades away.We have to admit that 9.__________(protect) our earth is the most urgent step right now.We need to take much better care of 10.____(we) own planet.
environmental
where
that
has fascinated
popularity
countries
is drawn
but
protecting
our
Summary
Write an article to the school newspaper about your ideas of “Plan C” to save people from the problems on Earth.
Homework