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2016年中考英语总复习第一轮话题复习
第十五章世界和环境
参考答案
考点1：1-5 ACABB 6-10 DAACD
考点2：1-5DCCBC 6-10 BABBC
话题检测：
一、1. lonely 2. volunteers 3. Asia 4. population 5. blind 21世纪教育网版权所有
6. repaired 7. imagine 8. protect 9. sweet 10. Check21教育网
二、1-5DBBCB 6-10 BBAAC
三、1-5 ACDDD 6-8 ACC
四、BCA
五、One possible version:
How to protect/save our environment/world
The environmental pollution is more and more serious today. We have no clean water to drink because of water pollution. And when trees are cut down, some animals disappear. There is more and more dirty smoke in the air. People's health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life, it's time for us to protect our world.
We shouldn't throw away rubbish everywhere. And we should recycle, reduce and reuse things, for this saves money and reduces pollution. Use things for as long as possible. Don't use plastic bags. Also, we must plant more trees and stop people cutting them. We hope our world is more and more beautiful.
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2016年中考英语话题复习
第十五章世界和环境
话题检测
一、根据句意完成已给出首字母或汉语提示的单词，使补全后的句子意思通顺，语法正确。
1. I have a lot of friends and I never feel l______.21教育网
2. Our school needs some v____ to help clean up the city parks.21cnjy.com
3. China and Japan are two countries in A______ .
4. --- What’s the ______() of China
--- More than 1.3 billion.
5. His grandfather can’t see anything , he is b_____ .2·1·c·n·j·y
6. The roof should be r_____soon.
7. I can’t i _____what has happened.
8. He was wearing dark glasses to ______(归还) his eyes from the sun.
9. I like eating candies, because it’s s _____.
10. C ____ your answers carefully and see if they are all correct.2-1-c-n-j-y
二、选择最佳答案填空。
1.—Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise 【出处：21教育名师】
—Sure. Now let me tell you _____ first.
A. which to do B. how to do
C. when to do D. what to do
2.—Do you mind _____ up the music
—No, never mind.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned
3.The boy _____ in the teacher’s office was found _____ 21*cnjy*com
yesterday.
A. standing; smoke B. standing; smoking
C. stood; smoke D. stood; smoking21世纪教育网版权所有
4．—There goes the bell.
—It’s time for class. Let’s stop _____ .
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. not talk
5.—Where’s Mr. Hu, do you know
—Well, it’s hard to say. But I saw him _____ a football game just now.
A. was watching B. watching
C. had watched D. watched
6.The number of the teachers in our school ________ greatly increased since last term.A number of teachers in this school ________ from the countryside.
A．has; is B．has; are C．were; are D．were; is
7．There ________ still some milk in the fridge.It's not necessary to go to the store today.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
8.—How much is the pair of shoes
—Ten dollars ________ enough.
A．is B．are C．am D．be
9．—David, there ________ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away. 21*cnjy*com
—OK, Mom. I'll do it right away.
A．is B．Are C．has D．have
10．Each of the club members ________ ready to help those who were in trouble.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
三、完形填空。
Natural resources are things that we use that come from Earth. Out natural resources are limited（有限的）. This means that they will not 1 forever. Some are renewable, like when you plant a new tree when you cut one down. Others are not renewable, like when you dig coal（煤）out of the 2 Once it is used, it is gone.
People realize the 3 that Earth’s natural resources are limited, and can do things to help Conserve（节约）those resources. When you try to conserve a natural resource, you try to use less of it, so it does not get used up so 4 . One way that people conserve fuel, like gasoline, is by riding a bicycle or walking when the 5 is short instead of driving everywhere.
Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay 6 . We can conserve water 7 making sure that our pipes and taps do not leak（漏）. We can also make 8 choices to conserve water, like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when they are full. Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources.
1. A. last B. spread C. burn D. change
2. A. station B. building C. ground D. brick
3. A. news B. plan C. decision D. fact
4. A. slowly B. hard C. regularly D. fast
5. A. money B. space C. place D. distance
6. A. alive B. alone C. asleep D. awake
7. A. about B. for C. by D. with
8. A. generous B. funny C. wise D. surprising
四、阅读理解。
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)and Greenpeace are two famous organizations in the world. They both aim at making our planet a better place to live.21·cn·jy·com
World Wildlife Fund works to protect wild animals and plants. It began in Switzerland on September 11,1961.Now,it has offices in 100 countries and nearly 5 millions members all over the world. The members are from different groups ,including governments, business, scientists and farmers. They have played an active role in saving animals and rainforests. One recent WWF project is protecting the Amazon rainforest. WWF has done plenty of research to find creative ways that meet the need of both people and nature.【版权所有：21教育】
Greenpeace was set up in 1971,with an idea of working for world peace at the very beginning. Now it is active in protecting oceans, forests, and animals as well. It also calls for the use of clean energy, like wind power and solar power. Greenpeace has offices in 45 countries such as America and Canada. Its head office is in Netherlands. Greenpeace has about 3 million members at present. Small steps lead to big changes. It encourages more and more people to take action.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
1. WFF has nearly ________million members.
A．3 B．5 C．45 D．100
2. The head office of Greenpeace is in________.
A．Canada B．America C．Netherlands D．Switzerland
3. According to the passage, both WWF and Greenpeace______.
A．protect animals B．do plenty of research
C．work for world peace D．use more clean energy
动词运用。
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
“Tom Are you in bed yet ” called Mrs. Green. There 1 （be）no answer. Mrs. Green put down her book and 2 （go） to her 14-year-old son’s room. Tom 3 （sit） in front of a bright computer screen, playing computer games.
“Oh, Tom. How long 4 you 4 （play） on that computer You must stop now, it’s half past eleven. If you don’t go to bed soon, you 5 （be） very tired tomorrow, ” said Mrs. Green.www.21-cn-jy.com
“But I’ve nearly won the game, ” said Tom to Mrs. Green. She 6 （see） the excitement on his son’s face.21·世纪*教育网
“You 7 always 7 （play） on the computer. You have spent more time on this machine than on your homework. ”www-2-1-cnjy-com
Today many children use computers to play games, to watch videos, instead of __8___(study). The result is that they don’t want ___9___(study).
In some other countries, computers cause millions of people to lose their jobs or cause them a lot of trouble. Scientists say something must be done __10___(solve) the problem.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
六、写作。
环境问题今天环境变得越来越糟糕,环境问题影响着人们的工作,学习,生活等,而我们的工作,生活,生产等又使环境污染越来越严重......如何保护我们的环境 请以“ How to protect our environment ”为题写一篇短文。21教育名师原创作品
提示:存在问题:
水污染越来越严重；
.砍伐森林严重；
大气污染严重；
白色垃圾等。
要求：如何改善/保护环境 至少：3至4个方面。
How to protect/save our environment/world
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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第十五章 世界和环境
教材内容 八年级下册 Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
八年级下册 Unit7 What's the hightet mountain in the world？
八年级下册 Unit10 I've had this bike for three years.
九年级 Unit13 We're trying to save the earth.
语言功能 提供帮助，提出建议，谈论地理与自然，谈论你拥有的物品和周围的事物，谈论污染和环境保护。
语言结构 动词不定式作宾语、宾补和状语，情态动词could 表建议，较大数字的表达，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，现在完成时。
语言目标
八（下）
Unit 2 I'd like to help homeless people.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids to read.
I'm making some signs to put up around the school.
八（下）
Unit 7 ---What's the highest mountain in the world
--- How high is Qomolangma
--- It's 8844.43 meters high. It's higher than any other mountain.
八（下）
Unit 10
How long have you had that bike over there
I've had it for three years.
九 Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth.
The river used to be so clean.
It was condidered the nicest river in town.
重点
词汇 Nouns Verbs Adjectives
volunteer, sign, notice, feeling, satifaction, joy, owner, journey, wheel, letter, miss, diffifculty, door, training, kindness, change, interest, sir, madam, tour, tourist, wall, achievement, square, meter, desert, oil, population, Asia, while, method, condition, forde, nature, ocean, birth, adult, bear, bamboo, research, cost, keeper, excitement, gate, illness, government, toy, plastic, industry,
protection, memory, law, yard, memory, maker, scarf, check, board, bedroom, coal, railway, hometown, search, crayon, shame, century, childhood, litter, bottom, fisherman, public, advantage, president, metal cheer, notice, fix, volunteer, raise, repair, imagine, open, carry, train, understand, tour, change, protedct, include, succeed, achieve, regard, research, weigh, check, clear, own, part, count, consider, hold, litter, afford lonely, strong, broken, disabled, blind, deaf, excited, clever, deep, ancient, wide, thick, adult, awake, wild, remaining, huge, soft, sweet, junior, ugly, certain, honest, low, truthful, opposite, public, wooden, harmful, cruel
Adervbs
alone, nowadays, especially
Pronouns Preposition
several among, oppsite
常
用
短
语
八（下）
Unit 2
clean up, cheer up, give out, come up with, put off, hand out, call up, used to, care for, try out, fix up, give away, take after, set up, make a difference
八（下）
Unit 7 feel free, take in, in the face of, even though, at birth, up to, walk into, fall over, or so, as far as I know
八（下）
Unit 10
yard sale, bread maker, soft toy, checkout, board game, junior school, clear out, no longer, part with, as for, to be honest, close to, according to
九
Unit 13
cut off, take the subway, ride a bike, cut down, throw away, pull down, set up
个人信息
1.个人资料：姓名，年龄，出生日期，出生地点，电话号码，家庭地址，电子邮件，身份证等。
2.家人资料：姓名，年龄，关系等。
3.学校资料：学校，年级，班级，老师等。
4.资料的使用：填写表格和书面申请等。
5.工作与职业：工人，教师，医生，农民，司机，公务员等。
世界和环境
1. 植物：绿色植物，树木，灌木，草， 蔬菜，庄稼，花卉等。
2. 动物：农场动物，野生动物，濒危动物，宠物等。
3. 太阳，月亮，星星
4. 描述陆地：城市，农场，山丘，山脉，湖泊，河流等。
5. 国家和地图：中国，英国，美国，澳大利亚，加拿大，新西兰，日本，俄罗斯，印度，古巴。
6. 问题：人口，，耕地利用和质量，人口增长。
1. 提供帮助（Offering help）
A: Can I help you
What can I do for you
Would you like some …
Would you like me to help you
B: (1) Yes, please
Thank you. / Thanks for your help. / Thanks for helping me.
Thanks. That would be nice /fine.
(2) No, thanks /thank you .
Thank you all the same.
2.惊奇 (Surprise)
Really
Is that so
What a surprise!
How nice to see you!
How surpring!
I'm surprised.
Does that surprise you
【考点1】 不定式和动名词
(2014·银川)
Tony, remember ____ with your mouth full of food.
A. to talk B. not to talk C. talking
【解析】选C。考查动词不定式和动名词的用法。remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”remember to do sth“记得去做某事”。句意：托尼，记着......满嘴事物，根据情景和生活经验，应是“记着满嘴食物不要说话”。
动名词
命题特点
题型
重点考查
单项选择或动词运用
复习指导
熟记动名词的基本知识
学会分析句子结构，确定设空处充当的语法成分
克服定向思维，不受汉语影响
动名词作宾语
动名词作主语
通过考查动词的用法，考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用动词的能力
牢记动名词的固定搭配
动名词和不定式的区别
非谓语动词
过去分词
现在分词
动词不定式
动名词
动名词的基本用法
功 能 例 句 说 明
主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.
吃太多对你的健康有害处。 谓语动词用单数
宾语 I like playing basketball very much.
我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示习惯性的动作
Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。
动名词的基本用法
功 能 例 句 说 明
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语 Bill is in the reading room.
比尔在阅览室里。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
某些动词后
某些动词短语后
动名词作宾语
A
B
某些连词作介词
D
某些介词后
C
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词/动词短语
enjoy, finish, consider(考虑), miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, allow, be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to, put off, have fun, have problems/trouble
某些连词作介词用
连词when, while, after, before用作介词时，后跟动词-ing形式。
Tom hurt his leg when running after school.
汤姆在放学后跑步时腿受伤了。
Read the instructions carefully before taking the medicine.
服药前要仔细阅读说明书。
有些词跟不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事(未做)
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)
need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)
regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
regret to do sth. 后悔没做某事
现在分词作宾补和动词原形作宾补的区别
vt.sb.do sth.表示动作的过程或经常性；
vt. sb. doing sth.表示动作正在进行。
常见的词有see, hear, feel, notice, watch。
He felt someone enter the room.
他感到有人进入了房间。
I saw her going upstairs.
我看见她正在上楼。
方法一 强化记忆法
初中阶段考查不定式和动名词主要集中在一些常考词如make, finish等，所以对那些词后跟不定式，那些词后跟动名词要强化记忆。
【例题】
(2015黄冈)— China is getting better and better at making high technology products.
—That's right. People around the world can hardly avoid______products made in China.
A. not buying B. not to buy C. to buy D. buying
【解析】选D。考查动名词。句意: ——中国在制造高科技产品方面越来越好了。 ——是的，全世界的人几乎都不可避免买到中国制造的产品。avoid 后跟动名词作宾语，故选D。
方法二 正确翻译发法
无论什么题目，翻译句子，弄懂句意都是必要的。尤其是 对标志词不明显的题目。
【例题】
(2015·南宁)The WWF IS working hard ______the animals in danger.
A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved
【解析】选B。考查动词不定式。句意：世界自然基金会正在努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。由句意及句式结构可知此处应用不定式作目的状语。。
1. For our coming vacation, why _____ going abroad and seeing the outside world （2015武威）
A.not consider B.to consider
C.don’t think D.not think
2.－Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child
－Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _____ that silly thing to my mum. （2015襄阳）
A.do B.to do C.doing D.did
3.We are too tired. Let’s stop _____ a rest. （2015益阳）
A.to have
B.have
C.having
4.I really don’t know _____ this question. It is too hard. （2015自贡）
A.which to answer
B.how to answer
C.what to answer
5.I really don’t know _____ this question. It is too hard. （2015自贡）
A.which to answer
B.how to answer
C.what to answer
6.I will try my best to stop my son from _____ the same mistake. （2015重庆A/C卷）
A.make B.made
C.makes D.making
7. The joke was so funny that it made him _____ again and again. （2015重庆B卷）
A.laugh B.to laugh
C.laughed D.laughs
8.We stopped _____, but there was not any sound.
A.to listen B.listens
C.listen D.listening
9. Mr. Smith told his son _____ the football match because of the exam. （2015呼和浩特）
A.not to watch B.to not watch
C.not watching D.doesn’t watch
10.Sarah, you’d better drink more water after _____ for such a long time.（2015广州）
A.run B.runs
C.to run D.running
【考点2】 主谓一致
(2015·威海)Everyone except Tom and John ______ there when the meeting began.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意: 当会议开始的时候, 除了汤姆和约翰, 大家都在。主语everyone意为“每人”, 是不定代词, 虽然后面有except Tom and John介词短语, 但是谓语动词和everyone保持一致, 用单数形式。根据从句中的时态可知用一般过去时。
主谓一致
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近原则
主谓一致
命题特点
题型
重点考查
单项选择或动词运用
复习指导
熟记名词基本知识
注意主谓一致和时态的结合
能识别与谓语动词在意义上一致的单词
there be 结构
就近
原则
通过考查动词的用法，考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用动词的能力
牢记不定式的固定搭配
复合不定代词作主语
语法一致的原则
1. and和both. . . and. . . 连接的并列主语是两个或两个以上的人或事物时, 谓语动词用复数形式; 若并列主语表示同一人或事物(and后的主语前没有冠词), 则谓语动词要用单数形式。
Both Linda and her sister are students. 琳达和她妹妹都是学生。
2.动词不定式、名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Walking is good for our health.
散步对我们的健康有好处。
语法一致的原则
3.由each以及some, any, no, every 等构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of us has an English book.
我们每个人都有一本英语书。
4.由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My shoes are worn out. 我的鞋子穿坏了。
语法一致的原则
5．主语后有with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as 等引导的短语作插入语时，谓语动词与它前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老师和他的学生们将去参观博物馆。
6.单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词及动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
语法一致的原则
7．a number of +可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词要用复数形式; 而the number of +可数名词复数作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of doctors in the hospital is about 200 and a number of them are women doctors.
这家医院大约有200名医生, 其中很多是女医生。
意义一致的原则
1．有些集合名词，如family，class，team 等，作主语时，若看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调其中的每个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Mr.Smith's family is a big one.
史密斯先生家是一个大家庭。
Mr.Smith's family are watching TV.
史密斯一家正在看电视。
意义一致的原则
2．由all, either, neither, most, more, some, any, none 作主语时，若代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；若代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Now all has been changed.
现在所有的都变了。
意义一致的原则
3．“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”以及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/(a)part of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；名词是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。
Lots of damage was caused by fire.
很多损失是由于火造成的。
意义一致的原则
4．科目名词politics，physics，和news, 等词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The news is very exciting.
那则新闻是非常令人兴奋的。
5.“one of +可数名词复数+单数谓语动词”表示“……之一”。
One of my pen pals is from Sydney.
我的笔友中有一位来自悉尼。
意义一致的原则
6．表时间、距离、长度、价格、度量的词(短语)及动名词、动词不定式等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。加减乘除也常看作整体，谓语也用单数形式。
Fifty dollars is enough.
五十美元足够了。
7.形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are looking for the lost boy.
警察正在找那个丢失的男孩。
意义一致的原则
8．“the +形容词”表示一类人和“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇或一家人作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
The Smiths are having dinner.
史密斯一家正在吃饭。
9. each, either, neither作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
Each of them has an English dictionary.
他们每人都有一本英语词典。
就近原则
1．由either…or，neither…nor，not…but…，not only…but also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
Neither her parents nor she herself is a bank clerk.
她父母和她本人都不是银行职员。
2. 当there be 句型中的主语是一系列事物时，谓语动词的数应与离其最近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔、一把小刀和几本书。
揣摩主语法
谓语动词的形式在很大程度上有主语决定，所以看清主语的形式很重要。
【例题】（ 2015 广安）
—Maths ______my favourite subject, what about you
—Physics ______. I think it’s very interesting.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: ——数学是我最喜欢的学科。你呢 ——物理。我认为它很有趣。physics意为“物理”, maths意为“数学”, 为单数名词。
1. Neither the headmaster nor the teachers _____ take a vacation next week. （2015呼和浩特）
A.were going to B.is going to
C.was going to D.are going to
2.－What would you like to have for supper
－Either noodles or rice _____ OK. I don’t mind. （2015安顺）
A.are B.were C.is D.was
3.Everybody except Mike and Linda _____ there when the meeting began. （2015泰安）
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
4.Three million _____ a large number. You can make it _____.
A.are; small B.is; smaller
C.is; small D.are; smaller
5. －How many women doctors are there in your hospital
－_____ them _____ over twenty. （2015益阳）
A.A number of; are
B.The number of; are
C.The number of; is
6.－How many people are there in your group
－Four. Three boys _____ in our group this time. （2015重庆B卷）
A.is B.are C.were D.was
7. Here are some _____. Do you like _____ （2015安顺）
A.oranges; them B.orange; it
C.oranges; they D.oranges; their
8．—David has been away for more than 25 days.
—I miss him very much.You know，25 days ____ short.(2014黔南)
A．is B．isn't C．are D．aren't
9. The summer holidays are coming，so the twins as well as Jack ____ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2014黄石)
A．is going B．are going C．goes D．go
10．A lot of foreigners ____ familiar with the famous places of interest in China.(2015上海) A．am B．is C．are D．be
