Module 3 Journey to space Unit 3 Grammar 课件(共20张PPT) 外研版八年级下册

(共20张PPT)
Module 3 Unit 3
Language in use
Grammar
Review
现在完成时的结构、用法及句型？
1.结 构
2.用 法
3.句 型
1.表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响
2.表示到目前为止已经完成的事情
have/has + 动词过去分词
Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(V-ed)+宾语
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ have/has.
否定回答: No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(V-ed).
主语+have/has + not +动词的过去分词(V-ed).
1
2
能掌握现在完成时态中副词already,yet,just的用法, 并正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时。
能熟练运用现在完成时谈论有关人类探索航天的经历。
目标一:掌握现在完成时态中副词already,yet,just的用法, 并正确区分现在
完成时与一般过去时
Activity 1
Read the following sentences first and put them
into Chinese, then talk about them in groups.
1. I’ve just made a model spaceship.
2. Has it arrived yet
3. Astronauts have already been to the moon.
4. We have not found life on any other planets yet.
Group
Discussion
小组合作观察每个句子，讨论、总结并分组展示。
Task 1: 结合句式观察总结副词already, yet, just在句子中的
位置以及在现在完成时中的用法；
Task 2: 查阅相关资料总结, 当没有明确的过去时间状语时,
如何判断并区分出现在完成时和一般过去时。
1. I’ve just made a model spaceship.
2. Has it arrived yet
3. Astronauts have already been to the moon.
4. We have not found life on any other planets yet.
Activity 2
每个小组派代表总结发言。
1 组
2 组
3 组
4 组
Activity 3
Summary
现在完成时中already, yet, just的用法
当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分别用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。
1.位 置
2.用 法
already (已经)、just(刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have
和has的后面。yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和
疑问句,（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）。
拓展练习
常与现在完成时连用的副词：
用于肯定句：
用于疑问句和否定句：
置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前：
常置于句末：
already, just
ever, yet, never
yet
already, just, ever, never
already yet just
ever never
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里
发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时则表示在
过去某一具体时间发生的事情。
e.g. I have just been to London. I went there last month.
我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。
e.g. I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago.
我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
在没有明确的过去时间状语时，判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。
A: Where have you put my book I can’t find it.
你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到它。
B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。
该对话中，当A问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。
目标二:熟练运用现在完成时谈论有关人类探索航天的经历
Activity 1
1
Complete the news with already, just and yet.
Astronauts have (1)_______ been to the moon but they have not been to other planets. However, a spaceship has (2)______ arrived on Mars and it has (3)_________ sent back photos of the red planet. Is there life on Mars We do not know (4)_______.
already
just
already
yet
Spaceship on Mars!
Activity 2
2
Look at these sentences.
● The spaceship has gone to Mars.
It has gone there, but it has not come back yet.
● Astronauts have been to the moon.
They went there and then they came back.
What's the difference between “have
been to” and “have gone to”
(1) have gone to表示“已到达某地”。说话时该人不在现场，
强调尚未回来（go是方向性动词）。
e.g. — Where is Jim — He has gone to Beijing.
(2) have been to表示“曾经去过某地”。现在已经不在那里
(be是表示状态)，后可接次数，如once、twice、three times
等，表示“去过某地几次”。也可和just、never和ever等
连用。
e.g.I have been to Beijing twice.
【拓展】have been at/in表示“在某地待了多少时间”，常与
时间段状语连用。
e.g.I have been in Shanghai for three years.
【辨析】have been to 与 have gone to
Now choose the correct answer.
1. Astronauts have been / gone to the moon and returned.
2. The spaceship has been / gone into space. It will travel for ten days.
3. The astronaut has been / gone to the space station. He will come back
tomorrow.
4. The spaceship has been / gone to the space station. It brought back two
astronauts.
Tips: 抓住句意及关键词解题
3
Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.
A spaceship to Mars. It is coming back to the earth next year.
Lots of astronauts to the space station. They found it very interesting.
Some astronauts to the moon twice.
Two British astronauts to the space station. They will come back in January.
has gone
have been
have been
have gone
have/has been have/has gone
How can you learn more about space
TV programme or a great book
4
Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Nicky: I’ve just _______ (watch) a great TV programme about space.
Did you know that scientists have _________ (discover) water
on Mars
Bill: Yes, I did. And scientists ________ (try) to find life on Mars now.
Nicky: Yes, they’re looking for life but they ____________ (not find)
anything yet.
Bill: There were some new photos of Mars in the newspaper today.
_____ you ______ (see) them yet
Nicky: Yes. They're amazing!
watched
discovered
are trying
haven’t found
seen
Have
Activity 3
5
Role-play the conversation.
Pair Work
Nicky: I’ve just watched a great TV programme about space. Did you
know that scientists have discovered water on Mars
Bill: Yes, I did. And scientists are trying to find life on Mars now.
Nicky: Yes, they’re looking for life but they haven’t found anything yet.
Bill: There were some new photos of Mars in the newspaper today.
Have you seen them yet
Nicky: Yes. They're amazing!
Activity 4
Complete the email with the words in the box.
6
From Liu Dan
To Li Fang
Sub. I’ve found a great book.
Dear Li Fang,
I’ve (1)_______finished reading a great book at school. I haven’t (2)_______anything as good as that for a long time! It’s a story about the solar system. In the book, the writer imagines that astronauts have (3)______to Mars. I’ve _____ thought about that before and I think it’s very interesting.
just
read
been
never
been just met never
read written yet
Complete the email with the words in the box.
From Liu Dan
To Li Fang
Sub. I’ve found a great book.
I haven’t (5)_______anyone famous in my life but I hope one day I can meet an astronaut.I’ve (6)________to a Chinese astronaut for more information about space and his experience of space travel. I hope he will write back. He hasn’t (7)________. Maybe he is too busy. I’m still waiting.
Best wishes
Liu Dan
been just met never
read written yet
met
written
yet
综合上述目标，说说我们今天的收获。
学习目标
1
2
能掌握现在完成时态中副词already,yet,just的用法, 并正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时。
能熟练运用现在完成时谈论有关人类探索航天的经历。