新概念第二册Lesson 57 Can I help you,madam讲义

新概念第二册
Lesson 57 Can I help you,madam
单词精讲
madam['m d m] n.(对妇女的尊称)太太，夫人
引申：可以引申为对有一定社会地位或年长女性的尊敬称呼，在一些正式场合或服务业中广泛使用。
jeans[d i:nz]n.牛仔裤
引申：引申为休闲、随性的着装风格，与时尚、年轻文化等联系在一起。
搭配：“a pair of jeans”：一条牛仔裤，这是最常见的用法，例如
He bought a pair of jeans yesterday.
“blue jeans”：蓝色牛仔裤，“jeans”通常指蓝色牛仔布制成的裤子
Blue jeans are very popular among young people.
hesitate['heziteit]v.犹豫，迟疑
引申：可以引申为做事不果断、在做决定或行动前有所顾虑的状态。
搭配：hesitate to do sth.：犹豫做某事
She hesitated to accept the invitation.
without hesitation：毫不犹豫地
He answered the question without hesitation.
serve [s :v]v.接待(顾客)
引申：在宗教语境中可以引申为为上帝或信仰服务；在体育比赛中表示发球等多种特殊含义。
搭配：serve sb. sth.：为某人提供某物
The waitress served us coffee.
serve as：担任，起……作用
This room can serve as a study.
scornfully ['sk :nfuli]ad.轻蔑地
引申：引申为带有鄙视、不屑态度的行为或表情等。
词源：由“scorn”（名词，轻蔑）加上后缀 -ful（充满……的）和 -ly（副词后缀）构成，“scorn”源自古英语“scorn”，表示嘲笑。
搭配：look scornfully at sb.轻蔑地看着某人
He looked scornfully at his opponent.
punish ['p ni ]v.惩罚
引申：可以引申为通过某种方式让做错事的人得到应有的报应或教训。
搭配：punish sb. for sth.：因某事惩罚某人
The teacher punished him for being late.
“be punished”：被惩罚
He will be punished if he breaks the rules.
fur [f :]n.裘皮
引申：在动物保护语境下，引申为对动物残忍获取皮毛的行为所涉及的对象；也可引申为柔软、保暖的材料。
搭配：fur coat：皮大衣
She wore a fur coat in winter.
fur of...：……的皮毛
The fur of the fox is very beautiful.
eager ['i:g ]a.热切的，热情的
引申：引申为对某事充满热情、积极性很高的状态。
搭配：be eager for sth.：渴望某物
He is eager for knowledge.
be eager to do sth.：渴望做某事
She is eager to learn English.
重点句型
At, In, Off and With
在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等，而in表示里面或包围的含义：
I'll see you at the station. 我将到车站送你.
On the way home, we stopped at a small village called Puddleton.
There were a lot of people in the street. 街上有许多人.
Let's go for a walk in the park. 让我们到公园去散散步.
off常与动词连用，表示位置的变化，即“与……分离”，可译为“脱掉，脱落”（相当于away from或down from的意思）等，其反义词为on：
The lid came off easily. 这个盖子很容易掉.
The pencil rolled off the table. 铅笔滚到桌子下面去了.
描写人时，in通常用于表示穿着，后面加衣服或颜色，with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着、拿着什么：
He looks handsome in that uniform.
That man with long hair is supposed to be a poet.
那个留着长发的男人应该是个诗人.
The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face.
The woman with the brown handbag and long umbrella is a famous novelist.
A child came along with a brown dog.
课文精讲
The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮。
the way在这里表示“方式”、“样式”，she was dressed为关系从句，修饰the way。dress表示“穿着”、“打扮”时常用被动语态：
Why is your aunt dressed in black
你姑姑为什么穿黑色衣服？
…he told her that the dress was sold.……告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了。
被动语态在这里含有动作已经完成的意忠，即表示目前的状态。
She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
第2天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。
dressed引导的过去分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。它也可以变换位置，放在句首，其意义不变：Dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with带有两个宾语：handbag和unbrella。with引导的介词短语也作状语，表示伴随状态：
He walked in the park with a dog behind him.
他在公园里散步，身后跟了一条狗。
After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。
（1）现在分词结构代替时间状语从句后，保留了连词after。类似的情况如：
Since phoning you this morning, I ve changed my plans.
自从今天早上给你打了电话以后，我已改变了计划。
While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand.
在试图打开瓶子时，我划破了手。
（2）seek out为固定短语，表示“找出”、“搜寻出”：
He sought out the thief in the crowd.
他在人群中找出了那个小偷。
Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.
快把他找出来。我想和他谈一谈。
（3）ask for表示“要”、“要求”：
I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.
我要的是一杯咖啡，但你却给了我一杯茶。
Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
那个售货员没有认出她是谁，这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
（1）现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定词。这些词有时可互换，有时则不可：
Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.
他没有一丝犹豫便追赶那小偷。
Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.
由于开不了门，我便向邻居求援。
（2）像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式：
They are all eager to come.
他们都急于来。
I m pleased to work with you.
我很高兴能与你一起工作。
With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.
费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。
with在这里表示行为方式：
With care, she put the vase on the shelf.
她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.
他很轻松地/费劲地举起那箱子。
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。
（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“从……中得到乐趣”：
He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.
他让那条狗追逐乞丐，并从中取乐。
（2）make后面的动词不定式不加to
（3）代替时间状语从句的现在分词短语带有连词before。