新概念第二册Lesson 59 In or out讲义

新概念第二册
Lesson 59 In or out
单词精讲
bark(1.1)/ba:k/v. 狗叫
引申：除了指狗叫，也可用于形容其他动物类似的叫声，如狐狸等，还可引申为大声嚷嚷、吼叫（带有一点粗暴的感觉）。
搭配：bark at（对着……叫），例如The dog barks at strangers.（狗对着陌生人叫。）
expert(1.5)/'eksp :t/n. 专家
引申：在某一领域经过大量的学习、实践后非常精通、熟练，被视为权威。
搭配：expert in/at/on（在……方面的专家），例如He is an expert in computer science.（他是计算机科学方面的专家。）
press(1.4)/pres/v. 按，压
引申：可引申为施加压力、逼迫；在新闻领域表示新闻界、出版社等，因为新闻工作需要对事件进行追问、紧逼真相。
搭配：press the button（按按钮）；press sb. to do sth.（逼迫某人做某事），例如They pressed him to make a decision quickly.（他们逼迫他迅速做决定。）
develop(1.80/di'vel p/v. 养成
引申：在成长、发展的意义上，从无到有，从弱到强的过程都可以用这个词；也可表示冲洗（照片等），因为冲洗照片是将潜在的影像显现出来的过程。
搭配：develop a habit（养成一个习惯）；develop into（发展成为），例如He has developed into a very responsible man.（他已经发展成为一个非常有责任感的人。）
paw(1.4)/p :/n. 脚爪
引申：可引申为用爪子抓、扒等动作。
搭配：paw at（用爪子抓），例如The cat pawed at the ball.（猫用爪子抓球。）
habit(1.8)/'h bit/n. 习惯
引申：一种经常性的行为模式或者思维方式。
搭配：get into the habit of（养成……的习惯）；break a habit（打破一个习惯），例如She gets into the habit of reading before going to bed.（她养成了睡前阅读的习惯。）
latch(1.4)/l t /n. 门闩
引申：可引申为理解、明白（抓住要点的感觉），不过这种用法比较少见。
搭配：latch onto（理解；缠住），例如He latched onto the main idea quickly.（他很快就理解了主要思想。）
remove(1.11)/ri'mu:v/v.拆掉，取下
引申：除了物理上的拆掉、取下，还可表示去除（抽象的东西，如污渍、困难等），也有免职、开除（从职位上移走某人）的意思。
搭配：remove from（从……移除），例如Please remove the book from the shelf.（请把书从书架上拿下来。）
重点句型
To，In order to，So as to，So that，In order that表达目的几种方式
带to的不定式及in order to和so as to可以用来表示目的：
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
not to可以用来表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”：
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the bady.
在bring，buy，need，take，use，want等动词后经常用宾语加to不定式，用来表示宾语的目的。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
连词so that，in order that可以引导目的状语从句。目的状语从句必须具备一个特征, 在动词前面一定要出现情态动词，当主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时的时候，so that和in order that后面可以跟may，can或will；当主句用一般过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时的时候，so that和in order that后面可以跟should，could，might或would。
I’ve arrived early so that/ in order that I may/ can /will get the tickets.
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
当前后主语不一致时，不定式前面加for +名词/代词比that结构更简洁，不定式的逻辑主语for sb. to do sth.
He was barking for someone to let him out.
=He was barking so that someone would let him out.
课文精讲
Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and dark.
我们的狗，雷克斯，过去常常坐在我们的前门外面叫。
front gate 前门
would＝used to 过去常常
“used to”表示过去常常做某事，这里描述了Rex过去的一种习惯行为。
Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.
每次他想进入花园的时候，他就会叫，直到有人打开大门。
The dog used to bark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door.
every time＝when 每当，每次，无论何时（后面可以是点时间，也可以是段时间）
Every time I turn to lesson 59, I will remember my teacher.
the monment＝as soon as 一……就……(强调的是瞬间)
这里进一步说明Rex的行为模式，每次它想进入花园，就会一直叫直到有人开门。“Every time”引导时间状语从句，表示“每次”，“would bark”在这里是过去将来时，表示过去习惯性的动作。
As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.
由于邻居们抱怨噪音，我丈夫花了几个星期训练它用爪子按门闩让自己进来。
complaim of… 抱怨……
sb. spend time (in) doing sth./on sth. 花费某段时间去做某事（人作主语）
Why don’t you spend more time on studies
I spent two weeks (in) reading this book.
It takes sb. some times to do sth. 某事花了某人多少时间（事情做主语）
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
let sb. in 让某人进来 ； let sb. out 让某人出去
let sb. down 让某人失望
press his paw on the latch = press the latch
press the button / press the figure on the button
Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.雷克斯很快就成了开门的专家。
become an expert at doing sth. 成了……能手/专家/权威
John is an expert at driving a car.
She is an expert in flowers.
Sam is an expert on that problem.
However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate.然而，上周我出去购物的时候，我注意到它在靠近大门的花园里。
going out shopping 加了out 强调外出
However”表示转折，上周“我”出去购物的时候，注意到它在靠近门的花园里。“when”引导时间状语从句，这里用过去进行时“was going out”表示当时正在进行的动作。
This time he was barking so that someone would let him out!”
这一次它叫是为了让人把它放出去。
“so that”引导目的状语从句，表示目的。
“Since then, he has developed another bad habit.”
从那以后，它养成了另一个坏习惯。
“Since then”表示从那以后，它养成了另一个坏习惯。这里用现在完成时“has developed”强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。
“As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.”
他一从外面打开门，就走进花园，一直等到门关上。
“As soon as”引导时间状语从句，表示一……就……，它从外面一打开门就进入花园然后等到门关上。
Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.
昨天我丈夫把门拆了，雷克斯非常恼怒，从那以后我们就再也没见过它。
so…that… 如此……以至于，结果状语从句，可以省略一个词，so 或 that 都可以
“have not seen”是现在完成时，表示从过去某个时间点到现在的情况。
so that 以便于……，为了（目的状语从句）
since(在句尾) = since then : 从那时起到现在为止