新概念第二册
Lesson 71 A famous clock
单词精讲
parliament ['pɑ:l m nt]n.议会,国会
引申:可引申为立法机构的整体概念,包括其运作机制、政治决策等方面,例如“parliamentary system”(议会制度)。
搭配:parliament building(议会大厦);member of parliament(议会议员)。
例句:The new law was debated in parliament.(新法律在议会中进行了辩论。)
erect[i'rekt] v.建起
引申:可引申为树立(抽象事物,如树立榜样等),例如“erect a good example”(树立一个好榜样)。
搭配:erect a monument(建造一座纪念碑);erect a building(建造一栋建筑物)。
例句:They plan to erect a new shopping mall in the city center.(他们计划在市中心建造一个新的购物中心。)
词源:由“e -”(出)+“regere”(使直、引导)组成,原义为使直立。
accurate[' kjur t] a.准确的
引申:可引申为精确无误的(形容工作、判断等),如“accurate prediction”(精确的预测)。
搭配:be accurate in(在……方面准确);highly accurate(高度准确的)。
例句:The scientist's calculations were highly accurate.
(这位科学家的计算非常准确。)
词源:由“ad -”(向、到)+“cura”(关心、谨慎)组成,原义为用心去做,因此准确。
official [ 'fi l]n.官员,行政人员
引申:可引申为官方的、正式的(作形容词时)人或事物,如“official statement”(官方声明)。
搭配:government official(政府官员);official duty(公务)。
例句:The government official announced the new policy.
(这位政府官员宣布了新政策。)
Greenwich['grinid ] n.格林威治
引申:可引申为格林威治标准时间(Greenwich Mean Time)相关概念,如“Greenwich time zone”(格林威治时区)。
搭配:Greenwich Observatory(格林威治天文台);Greenwich Meridian(格林威治子午线)。
例句:The time is based on Greenwich Mean Time.
(时间是以格林威治标准时间为基础的。)
词源:由“grene”(绿色)+“wic”(村庄、定居点)组成,原意为绿色的村庄。
observatory [ b'z :v t ri]n.天文台
引申:可引申为观测点(不只是天文观测,也可用于其他观测,如气象观测等),例如“meteorological observatory”(气象台)。
搭配:astronomical observatory(天文台);observatory tower(观测塔)。
例句:The astronomers work in the observatory.(天文学家在天文台工作。)
词源:源自拉丁语“observatorium”,由“observare”(观察)+“-orium”(表示场所的后缀)组成,表示观察的场所。
check [t ek]v.检查
引申:可引申为核实(信息、身份等),如“check one's identity”(核实某人的身份)。
搭配:check in(登记入住、报到);check out(结账离开、检查);check up on(检查、调查)。
例句:Please check in at the hotel reception.(请在酒店前台登记入住。)
microphone['maikr f un]n.扩音器,麦克风
引申:可引申为传声设备(包括各种类型的麦克风及其衍生设备),如“wireless microphone”(无线麦克风)。
搭配:use a microphone(使用麦克风);microphone stand(麦克风架)
例句:The singer used a microphone during the performance.
(歌手在表演期间使用了麦克风。)
词源:由“micro -”(微小的)+“phone”(声音)组成,表示将微小声音放大的设备。
tower['tau ] n.塔
引申:可引申为高耸的建筑物或结构,如“tower - like structure”(塔状结构)。
搭配:tower over(高出、胜过);clock tower(钟楼);control tower(控制塔)。
例句:The new skyscraper towers over the old buildings in the city.
(这座新的摩天大楼高耸于城市中的旧建筑之上。)
重点句型
Official, Employee and Shop assistant
official n. 官员,公务员,高级官员
Bank officials get high salaries.
Before he retired, Jeremy had been a government/city official.
employee n. 雇员,雇工(包括各个层次的)
Later he became a government employee.
shop assistant 零售店的店员(美语中用salesclerk)
The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
Hang/Hung and Hang/Hanged
hang(hung,hung) vt. 悬挂
I’m hanging this picture on the wall.
hang(hanged,hanged) vt. 绞死,吊死,上吊
As he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.
I wonder why she hanged herself.
课文精讲
“Has Big Ben ever gone wrong ”
这是一个现在完成时的一般疑问句。“Has...gone”是现在完成时的结构,其中“Big Ben”是主语,“ever”是副词,表示曾经,用于加强疑问语气,“gone wrong”表示出错、出故障。
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.
当你游览伦敦时,首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟,即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。
the B.B.C. =British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
“When you visit London”:当你游览伦敦时,这是一个时间状语从句,“visit”表示游览、参观。
“one of the first things”:首先看到的事物之一,“one of...”表示……之一。
“the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.”:这个著名的时钟,它能通过英国广播公司(BBC)被全世界听到。“which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.”是定语从句,修饰“the famous clock”,其中“which”是关系代词,在从句中作主语,“can be heard”是含有情态动词的被动语态,表示能够被听到。
If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.
如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话,这座大钟永远也不会建造。
If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down”:如果议会大厦没有被烧毁,“the Houses of Parliament”表示议会大厦,“burn down”表示烧毁,这里是过去完成时的被动语态,表示过去的过去被烧毁。
“erected”:竖立、建造,是“erect”的过去分词形式。
the Houses of Parliament 国会大厦(英国议会是由上议院(House of Lords)和下议院(House of Commons)组成)
burn down (使)烧成平地,烧毁
The hospital was burned down last month.
Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.
“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士,因为当建造新的国会大厦时,他负责建造大钟。
“takes its name from”:得名于,“take one's name from”是固定短语。
“Sir Benjamin Hall”:本杰明·霍尔爵士。
“the making of the clock”:时钟的制造,“making”在这里是动名词,表示制造的行为。
Sir用于英国人的全名(或名字)之前时表示“爵士”(不单独用于姓之前),如Sir John Gilbert(约翰.吉尔伯特爵士)或Sir John(约翰爵士),但不能称为Sir Gilbert。
be responsible for 对……需负责任/承担责任的
Who is responsible for the accident
John is responsible for the building of the bridge.
-ing形式前面无冠词时可直接跟宾语:making the clock;-ing前有冠词时则其后不能直接跟宾语,而必须用of:the making of the clock。
“when the new Houses of Parliament were being built”:当新的议会大厦正在建造的时候,这是一个时间状语从句,使用了过去进行时的被动语态,表示当时正在被建造。
“of immense size”:巨大的,“of + 名词”结构表示具有某种性质。
“extremely accurate”:极其精确的,“extremely”是副词,修饰“accurate”。
“Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.”
格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。
“Officials from Greenwich Observatory”:来自格林尼治天文台的官员,“Greenwich Observatory”表示格林尼治天文台。
“have the clock checked”:让时钟接受检查,“have sth. done”是使役结构,表示让某事被做。
“twice a day”:每天两次。
“On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.”
当大钟打点的时候,你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到,因为钟塔上接了麦克风。
“On the B.B.C.”:在英国广播公司(的广播里)。
“when it is actually striking”:当它(大本钟)正在敲响的时候,这是一个时间状语从句,“striking”是“strike”(敲响)的现在分词形式。
“microphones are connected to the clock tower”:麦克风被连接到钟楼,这是一个被动语态的句子,“be connected to”表示被连接到。
It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.
此钟不仅外型巨大,而且走时也非常准确
be of… 表示人或物的特征
We are of the same age/size.
This letter is of great importance.
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.”
“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次,它却把时间报错。
“has rarely gone wrong”:很少出错,“rarely”是副词,表示很少,“go wrong”表示出错。
“failed to give the correct time”:未能给出正确的时间,“fail to do sth.”表示未能做某事。
go wrong (机器等)发生故障,出毛病
My watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.
Something has gone wrong with my car.
A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上,把钟弄慢了!
“A painter who had been working on the tower”:一个一直在塔上工作的油漆工,“who had been working on the tower”是定语从句,修饰“painter”,使用了过去完成进行时,表示在过去某个时间之前一直在进行的动作。
“hung a pot of paint on one of the hands”:把一罐油漆挂在(大本钟的)一个指针上,“hung”是“hang”(悬挂)的过去式。
“slowed it down”:使它(大本钟)慢下来,“slow...down”是固定短语,表示使……慢下来。
He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.