外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 6 Survival Understanding ideas 语言点课件（共44张，内嵌音频）

(共44张PPT)
Unit 6 Understanding ideas
SHARKS: DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED
鲨鱼：危险动物还是濒危动物？
语言点课件
这是一篇围绕“鲨鱼是危险的动物还是濒危动物”这一话题展开讨论的说明文。
电影《大白鲨》简介:
《大白鲨》（Jaws）是1975年上映的一部美国惊悚电影，本片是史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格拍摄的经典影片之一，是根据彼得·本奇利的同名小说改编的。影片讲述一个名叫艾米蒂岛的暑期度假小镇近海出现一头巨大的吃人大白鲨，多名游客命丧其口，当地警长在一名海洋生物学家和一位职业鲨鱼捕手的帮助下决心猎杀这条鲨鱼。
《大白鲨》故事情节：
《大白鲨》讲述了这样一个故事：海滨小镇善化虽然偏僻，但以休闲的环境，优美的风光吸引很多人夏季来这里度假。有一个旅游旺季马上就要到来了，但与之而来的还有着挥不去的阴影。
一天，一对情侣来到游泳，但女的却再也没有上来，巡警只发现了支离破碎的尸体。经过检查，人们确定这是一只鲨鱼的杰作，警察局长马丁决定封闭海滨浴场，但市长哈瑞认为如果这样做的话不但导致今年收入锐减，还可能引起市民恐慌。为了避免事态再次扩大，他们决定派一批能手去捕鲨。
听到这个消息，生物学家布朗迅速赶到小镇，对尸体进行解剖与分析之后，布朗确定这是一条体形巨大的鲨鱼，对市长的决议不满的布朗决定留下。捕鲨的队伍很快捉到了一只鲨鱼，就在市长他们认为大功告成之时，布朗却坚决地告诉他们，这不是那条杀人的巨型鲨鱼，因为他太渺小了。不久，开放之后的海滨又有两人遭受到了鲨鱼的袭击，事实证明，布朗的判断是正确的。
就在哈瑞一筹莫展之际，捕鱼能手昆特决定去猎杀这条鲨鱼，没有别人的帮助和资助，昆特和局长马丁、生物学家布朗踏上了猎鲨的征程。终于在远海区，他们抛下的血肉吸引来了大白鲨，这条体形巨大的鲨鱼不但逃出了他们的陷阱，还开始攻击他们的渔船，连昆特也不幸葬身鱼腹，最后马丁用气枪击中了鲨鱼口中的氧气瓶，劫后余生的他们决定返回家园。
词汇短语复习巩固
Words and expressions
UNIT 6
□ shark n.鲨(鱼) 82
scare v.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 82
due to 由于，因为 83
* fin v.切去(鱼的)鳍 n.鱼鳍 83
□ dive v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 83
target v.把……作为目标 84
fortunately adv.幸运地 84
extinction n.灭绝，绝种 84
attitude n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 85
词汇拓展
1. ____________ v. 使（某人）惊恐，吓唬 → scaring adj. 令人害怕的 → scared adj. 害怕的
2. ____________ n. 灭绝，绝种 → extinct adj. 灭绝的， 绝种的
3. ____________ adv. 幸运地 → fortunate adj. 幸运的 → ______________ adv. 不幸地 → fortune n. 大笔的钱，巨款；运气；机遇；命运
4. ____________ v. 参考；涉及；提到；查阅；求助于 → reference n. 参考（书），参照；涉及
5. ____________ adj. 吓人的，令人害怕的 →terrify v. 使害怕，使恐惧 → terrified adj. 非常害怕的，极度惊恐的
scare
extinction
fortunately
unfortunately
refer
terrifying
词组短语
1. ________ fear 惊恐地，害怕地
2. cut ________ 切断，中断
3. have an effect ______对……有影响
4. due ______ 由于，因为
5. refer _______ 提到；参考；指的是
6. be scared/ frightened/ afraid _______ 害怕……
8. the other way ________ 相反；反之
8. come _______ 偶遇，碰到；无意中发现
9. ________ than 而不是；宁可...也不愿意；而不
10. _____ mistake 错误地；由于差错；无意地
in
off
on
to
to
of
round
across
rather
by
课文结构用法分析
Sharks: Dangerous or Endangered
Analyze the key points of the text
1 We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater. She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people's long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animals.
v. come up to the surface of water
vt. 还有： a. strong n. strength
in surprise, in pain
a用于抽象名词之前，又如a pity， a danger， a failure .
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作伴随状语
that引导定语从句，修饰shark
adj. 长期持有的，固有的
Para. 1
2 People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed.
又如： To make things worse, it began to rain.
afraid of为形容词短语作伴随状语。如：He lay in bed,asleep.
who引导定语从句
害怕... ... , scare v. 使（某人）惊恐，吓唬
that引导宾语从句
killing为现在分词短语作伴随状语
if和how引导从句并列为宾语从句，作cared宾语。
Para. 2
3 After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly, and soon fell around the world. This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully. The fins are used in shark fin soup. Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
fall-fell-fallen
It is a case where things becomes complex.
Teaching is a job where I achieve my personal value.
where=in which引导定语从句
由于，因为
切断；中断
又一例where=in which引导定语从句。
Para. 3
4 Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight. It was an area where fishermen were finning, and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks. Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him. He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks. He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour. “Sharks don't target humans,” he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Only around six people are killed by sharks every year.
who引导定语从句
而不是
对... ...有影响
that引导宾语从句，作proved的宾语。
省略的（which）引导的定语从句，修饰the book.
并列连词when引导并列分句
偶然遇到（=encounter）
把……当作/看作
where=in which引导定语从句
倒过来；向相反方向；相反地；正好相反
that引导宾语从句，作admitted宾语。
错误地，无意地。类似的：by accident 偶然
Para. 4
5 Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks - some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.
as 连词，“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
As society develops（=With the development of society）, weather satellites will work better and better in people's life.随着社会的发展，气象卫星将在人们的生活中发挥越来越大的作用。【as society develops（=with society developing）随着社会的发展】
who引导定语从句，修饰everyone。
as引导时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
保护……免受
Para. 5
词汇短语用法解析
本篇课文涉及主要知识点
in fear
be scared/frightened/afraid of
cut...off
have a(n) ... effect upon
see... as
the other way round
▲1. see sb. doing 看到某人正在做某事
He saw a large rock lying across the rails.
他看到一块大石头横在铁轨上。
We saw a girl standing on the boat singing a folk.
我们看到了一个女孩正站在小船上唱民歌。
▲2. in fear(=feeling afraid)害怕地，提心吊胆地；惊恐地
I shut my eyes in fear. 我惊恐地闭上眼睛。
He thought he heard something and glanced round in fear.
他觉得听到了什么声音，于是提心吊胆地看了看周围。
▲3.the 1975 film Jaws 1975年拍摄的影片《大白鲨》（导演史蒂芬斯·皮尔伯格）
影片《大白鲨》剧情简介：艾米蒂岛是一个旅游度假胜地，有大批的游客来这里游泳。然而，大白鲨的出现却改变了这一切。事故从一对情侣开始，他们下海游泳，女的不幸成为了第一个牺牲者，支离破碎的尸体令人惨不忍睹。当地官员却不愿意封场调查，他们怕影响旅游收入，于是请来了生物学家。生物学家断定，这是一只非比寻常的巨大白鲨。他的提醒并没有引起当局的足够重视，紧接着又有人死于非命，事态才变得越发严重。当地一个熟练捕鱼手昆特、警察马丁和生物学家布朗一共三人，决心要捕杀大白鲨，凶险重重的搏斗开始了，谁才是最后的胜者？要获得这场战斗的胜利，又要付出怎样的代价？影片在远海区发现了大白鲨，昆特用血肉引诱大白鲨，大白鲨冲渔船扑来，搏击中昆特不幸葬身鱼腹。疯狂的大白鲨又向警察马丁扑来，背负氧气瓶的马丁，被大白鲨咬掉背后的氧气瓶，在大白鲨吞下氧气瓶后，马丁警察果断开枪击中氧气瓶，引起爆炸，大白鲨最终丧命大海中，劫后余生的他们返回了家园。
▲4. long-held adj. 长期持有的；一贯的；根深蒂固的
It’s our long-held view that we shall respect all the people from the world.
我们一贯认为我们会尊重来自世界的各族人民。
They have a long-held idea: The glass can not be used to heat on the fire.
他们长期持有这种想法：玻璃制品不能放在火上加热。
It is our long-held rules that all the students in our school should be demanded to wear uniforms.
我校一贯坚持全体学生在校都要穿校服。
▲5. be scared of /frightened of /afraid of 害怕某事；恐惧某事；担心某事The child was scared of the fierce looking dog. 这孩子害怕那条外表凶恶的狗。
The girl was frightened of the snake.这女孩惧怕蛇。
They were afraid of making mistakes.他们怕出错。
I started to feel afraid of going out alone at night.我开始害怕夜间单独外出了。
She was afraid of upsetting her parents.她担心会使她父母不安。
be more scared than hurt 无事自扰；虚惊
scare sb. into doing sth. 吓得某人做某事
scare sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
▲6. especially 特别地；特别是，尤其
We need to be especially careful.我们需要特别小心。
My brother likes all sports, but he’s especially fond of football.
我兄弟喜爱各种体育运动，但他特别喜欢足球。
I like the place, especially in spring.
我喜欢这个地方，特别是春天。
This book is designed especially for high-school students.
这本书是专门为中学生写的。
▲7. as many as 多达（修饰可数名词复数）；和……一样多
as much as 多达（修饰不可数名词）；和……一样多
When they approached, the soldiers fired, killing as many as ten people according to the reports.
当他们靠近时，这些士兵开火了，据报道，有多达十人遇害身亡。
But not for as many as we would like to think.不过并没有我们想象的那么多。
As many as a fifth of the patients die each year.每年多达五分之一的患者死亡。
He likes her as much as he likes his sister.他很喜欢她，同喜欢他的姐妹一样。
If you’re not making as much as them, someone needs to know about it.
如果你赚的没有他们多的话，必须要有人知道这一点。
You have to talk about it to cover as much as it possibly can.
在谈论这件事时，你必须尽可能多地覆盖各个方面。
▲8. not only ... but also... 不但……而且……
要点：并列连词，连接两个并列成分，强调后者；连接两个并列成分作主语时，
谓语动词的单复数要与but （also）后的成分保持一致；not only位于句首时，
not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but （also）所在的分句不倒装。
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不仅学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports, etc.女性不仅被允许参加，而且还在体操、田径、团体运动等项目中起着非常重要的作用。
Not only did he save me, but also he accompanied me.
他不仅救了我，还陪着我。
▲9. due to由于，应归于
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。
Most of the problems were due to human error.
多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.
这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。
▲10. fear of 害怕，担忧，对……恐惧
Now we discussed her fear of death and doubts about her afterlife.
现在我们讨论她对死的恐惧和来生的疑问。
This is a good way to express yourself without the fear of other people
judging you.
这是一个表达自我的好方法，还不用担心别人对你说三道四。
This is an extreme fear of heights.这是一种对于高度的害怕。
The parents here walk along their young children for fear of their safety.
这儿的父母都围着孩子的身边，因为担心他们的安全。
▲11. cut off 剪下；切掉；切断；中断；剥夺继承权
The phone had been cut off. 电话线路被切断了。
A lizard will regenerate its tail if it's cut off.
蜥蜴的尾巴如被切掉，它会重新生出一条尾巴。
Many roads were cut off because of the earthquake.
由于地震，很多道路中断。
▲12. have an unexpected effect upon 对……有影响，对……起作用，产生效果
Books influence people and they have an effect upon people's attitude toward
things happened around them.
书籍会影响人们，也会对人们对待周围发生事物的态度产生影响。
This may have an effect on food prices.
这有可能对食品的价格有所影响。
What you say or do will have an effect on others.
你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。
▲13. was doing when... 就在要……之时，突然……
when并列连词=just at that time。
sb. was doing... when... 某人正要做……这时……
sb. was about to do sth. ...when... 某人正要做……这时……
sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做……这时……
并列连词when在这里引出一个突然发生的动作，相当于and then或just at that time。
He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.他正在睡觉突然有人敲门。
I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
我正要放弃，这时父亲过来鼓励我继续下去。
I was on the point of going out when my uncle came in.我正打算出去这时我叔叔进来了。
▲e across 偶遇，碰到；无意中发现
Perhaps I shall come across him in France.
也许我会在法国遇见她。
When you come across something important, write it down.
当你遇到重要的事情时，把它记下来。
Have any readers come across similar instances
有读者曾经遇到过类似的情况吗？
▲15. see sb. as... 把...看作……; 视……为……
His colleagues see him as a future director.他的同事认为他很可能是未来的负责人。
We all see him as our friend.我们都把他当做我们的朋友。
Jack saw any man who spoke to his wife as a potential threat.
杰克认为任何一个与他妻子说话的男人都是一个潜在的威胁。
※be seen as sth.
American is seen as the land of opportunity.美国被认为是充满机遇的国家。
▲16. rather than 而不是；宁可……也不愿意；而不
Rather than deal with reality, we deal with hope.与现实相比，我们更愿意处理希望。
We should cheer up and go on working again rather than do nothing all the time.
我们应该振作起来，继续干活，而不是一直在这儿无所事事。
▲17. the other way round 倒过来；向相反方向；相反地；正好相反；相反的情况
I didn't leave you. It was the other way round.
我没有离开你，是你离开了我。
Shouldn't it be the other way around？
难道就没有其他的途径了吗？
On the other hand it may be the other way around.
但是从另一方面看它又是另一回事。
She's taking their money, not the other way around.
她拿走他们的钱而不是让他们赚她的钱。
▲18. from that day on 从那天开始（表示过去时间）
From that day on, the others’attitudes changed.从那天起，其他人的态度改变了。
From that day on, Mr. Abott had a passion to invent a new king of medicine.
从那天起，艾伯特先生有着热情发明一种新药。
I was 13 when we met, and from that day on our friendship grew.
我们初次见面时，我13岁，从那时起，我们的友谊就开始了。
From that day on I stopped drinking.从那天后，我戒酒了。
▲19. target vt. 把...作为目标；面向；把……对准 n.目标；靶子
be targeted on/at... 以……为目标； 面向/对准……
It is a new magazine targeted at/ targeting single men.这是一本针对单身汉的新杂志。
The missiles are targeted at several key military sites.这些导弹瞄准了几个主要
军事地点。
The programme is targeted at improving the health of women of all ages.
该计划的目的是提高各年龄层女性的健康。
▲20. by mistake 错误地；由于差错；无意地，由于疏忽所致
I brought other baggage by mistake.我误拿了别人的行李。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。
Please excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我误拆了你的信。
▲21. fortunately 幸好；幸运地
The police have fortunately caught the thief, so now the bank will get its money back.
还算运气，警察已经抓住了小偷，因此现在银行可以把钱找回来。
Fortunately, Mary was given a present by her uncle.幸好玛丽的叔叔给她一件礼物。
I was late in getting to the station, but fortunately for me, the train was late
too.我到车站时晚了，但还算幸运，火车也晚点了。
▲22. not everyone 并非每个人（部分否定现象）
Not everyone loves to jog or go to the gym.
不是每个人都喜欢慢跑或去健身房。
But not everyone is in favor of the phenomenon.
但是，不是所有的人都喜欢这样的现象。
Everyone has a story that is unique to them, but not everyone has the opportunity to tell their story to the world.每个人都有自己独一无二的故事，但不是每个人都有机会向全世界讲述他们的故事。
部分否定与全部否定
一、部分否定
1、all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如：
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.)
并非人人都能当头头。
Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。
2、both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "并非两个……都……" 例如：
I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。　
Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。
3、every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如：
Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.)
不是每本书都有教育意义的。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。
4、always的否定式："并非总是（并非一直）……" 例如：
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。
5、entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……" 例如：
The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。
He felt not altogether satisfied.他并不完全满意。
I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。
What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。
6、all the time 的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如：
A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time.笨人未必老是犯错误。
7、not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如：
He did not speak clearly andcorrectly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。
This film is not interesting and instructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。
She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。
二、全部否定
1、 当 all，both，every，everybody， everything, each 等代词及 always, wholly, everywhere 等副词出现在句中时，谓语动词的否定形式只表示部分否定，意为“不都是，不总是，并非全”等
This book is not to be found everywhere. / All these answers are not correct.
这本书到处都找不到。/所有这些答案都不正确。
2、 具有否定意义的代词或副词，如：no，none，nobody, nothing，neither，never，nowhere 等，加上肯定式的谓语，能使句子表示全部否定。
Neither of them is my friend. / Nobody is fond of the book.
他们两个都不是我的朋友。/没有人喜欢这本书。
扩展资料：英语和汉语在否定的表达形式上存在着许多差异，我国学生往往会以中国人的思维方式和习惯用法去套英语，这样在汉译英时难免会出现一些错误。部分常见的错误举例如下：未经允许，任何人不得入内。 误：anybodycan not come in without permission. 正：Nobody can come in without permission. "任何……不"是汉语中常用的否定句式，而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词语作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式，因此any ... not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。
翻译这类句子时须用"否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语"。但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时，谓语可以用否定式，如： 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。
Anyone who does that isn't honest.
▲23. more people than ever 比以前更多的人；更多的人
more...than ever 比以往任何时候都……
This is a very important meeting that is more important than ever.
这是一个比以往任何时候都更重要的会议。
Now that they are able to master more information about this, they can collect more data than ever.既然他们能掌握有关这事的更多信息，他们完全可以搜集比以往任何时候都多的数据。
Nowadays the job market is more competitive than ever.
现在的人才市场比以往竞争更加激烈。
I have achieved all of that and more, and in fact I have more leisure time now than ever.我想做的差不多都完成了，并且做了更多事，实际上，我现在比以前更清闲。
▲24. protect sb. from... 保护某人不受……
They hurried to the cave to protect themselves from the wind.
他们赶紧到山洞避风。
The coat will protect you against from the cold.
这件外衣可以保护你不受风寒。
She used suncream to protect her face from the sun.
她使用防晒霜保护面部不受日晒。
1. see sb. doing
2. in fear
3. be scared of
4. especially
5. as many as
6. not only ... but also...
7. due to
8. fear of
9. cut off
10. have an unexpected effect upon
11. was doing when...
12. come across
复习回顾
看到某人正在做某事
害怕地，提心吊胆地；惊恐地
害怕某事；恐惧某事
特别地；特别是，尤其
多达（修饰可数名词复数）；和……一样多
不但……而且……
由于，应归于
害怕，担忧，对……恐惧
剪下；切掉；切断；中断
对.……有影响，对……起作用，产生效果
就在要……之时，突然……
偶遇，碰到；无意中发现
13. see sb. as...
14. rather than
15. the other way round
16. from that day on
17. be targeted on/at...
18. by mistake
19. fortunately
20. not everyone
21. more people than ever
22. more...than ever
23. protect sb. from...
复习回顾
把……看作……; 视……为……
而不是；宁可……也不愿意；而不
倒过来；向相反方向；相反地；正好相反
从那天开始（表示过去时间）
以……为目标； 面向/对准……
错误地；由于差错；无意地，由于疏忽所致
幸好；幸运地
并非每个人（部分否定现象）
比以前更多的人；更多的人
比以往任何时候都……
保护某人不受……
1. Recite the phrases we have learned.
2. Write a passage about protecting the endangered animals.
Homework