2025届高考英语二轮复习 专题十四 情态动词和虚拟语气（含解析

专题十四 情态动词和虚拟语气
一、基础练习
1. — We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.
—Sorry, I _______. I have another appointment.
A. won't B. shan't C. can't D. mustn't
2. Don't worry, please! All payments ______be made by the end of the year.
A. will B. shall C. can D. must
3. He is a warm-hearted manager, but he _____ be very tactless sometimes.
A. should B. will C. can D. must
4. —We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.
—Sorry, I _______. I have another appointment.
A. won't B. shan't C. can't D. mustn't
5. —________I use your glue I'm making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A. Should B. Need C. Must D. May
6. —Congratulations! You ________ great efforts for the English speech contest.
—Thanks. I do appreciate my teacher's guidance.
A. must have made B. should have made C. could make D. would make
7. It's a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company.
A. need B. could C. should D. may
8. —The test is very important to us. Do you think so
—Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test.
A. mustn't B. daren't C. needn't D. can't
9. Mr. Smith ______ to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
A. needn't have gone B. mustn't have gone
C. can't have gone D. shouldn't have gone
10. You ______ be a fan to recognize the skill of professional football players－how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend ______ be amazing to see.
A. mustn't；might B. needn't；can C. don't have to；may D. can't；might
11. It is essential that every child ______ equal educational opportunities.
A. has B. must have C. have D. had
12. Zhang Guimei a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains.
A. could have enjoyed B. may enjoy
C. must have enjoyed D. can enjoy
13. —The computer keeps reminding me "Error, can't save the file".
—Well, you _____ the software yesterday as the technician recommended. This old version doesn't work well.
A. should have updated B. must have updated
C. couldn't have updated D. needn't have updated
14. ______ for the free tickets, 1 would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If it were not
15. She insisted that the man who had stolen her wallet ______ to the police station.
A. sending B. to be sent C. be sent D. being sent
二、能力提升
16. Excuse me, sir. You need to move your car. You ________ park at the entrance.
17. When I was studying at Peking University, I ________ often take a walk around Weiming Lake in the evening.
18. You _________ tell Li Ming about the matter. He has already known about it.
19. She _____ (join) the party yesterday—she went abroad the day before yesterday.
20. If he should go to Tsinghua University, he_____ (make) full use of his time.
21. Parents ______ put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.
22. You ______ not be tired—you've only been working for ten minutes.
23. I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning. She______ not have spoken at the meeting.
24. —It's nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn't turned up yet.
—She ______ have forgotten the time. Why don't I call and see what happened
25. Some scientific evidence suggests musical training before the age of seven ______ have a significant impact on the brain's development.
26. Technology is supposed to make our lives easier, but it ______ also be depressing at times.
27. Experts urged that immediate action _____ (take) to protect the sea from being polluted.
28. Had it not been for their timely rescue, the old lady______ (lose) her life.
29. My advice is that he _______ (choose) to go abroad for further education.
30. The child talks to us as if he ________ (be) a grown up.
三、拓展训练
31.
The Rainbow Bookstore, which was a legendary fixture in the neighbourhood, ①_________(close) after 50 years of business. I had a long chat with Casey, the store's elderly owner. He said now it was becoming difficult ②_________ (run) an independent bookstore because more and more people were being attracted by chain stores and online discounts. And most young people preferred ③_________ (read) e-books on tablets.
Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events ④_________ (happen) only yesterday. As a young boy, I spent hours reading, ⑤_________ (seat) on the store's old but comfortable furniture.
A few months later, I was back in the neighborhood during my spring break and was ⑥_________ (surprise) to see that the bookstore was still there and open for business. Its old brick exterior hadn't changed, but inside it was like ⑦_________ different world. I was told that a saleswoman, ⑧_________ had grown up in the neighborhood, had now taken over the bookstore from Casey. Under her leadership, the bookstore was being turned ⑨_________ a place for literature-loving members of the community to get together. It had a café selling organic food and there ⑩_________ (be) more community events.
32.
Jingdezhen, ① _________ (know) as China's "porcelain capital", gave the country not only centuries of great international influence, but also② _________ (it) English name "china". The word "china" was actually the transliteration (音译) of Changnan, an ancient name of③ _________ Chinese porcelain capital from where the Europeans imported a lot of porcelain④ _________ was first called "white gold". ⑤ _________ (eventual), they took to calling the whole country by porcelain's name, China.
Jingdezhen began to produce porcelain as early as the 6th century AD, and it witnessed rapid increase⑥ _________ production during the Song Dynasty. It was in 1004⑦ _________ the Song Emperor Zhenzong renamed the town as Jingdezhen according to his reign name (年号) and demanded that all imperial porcelain in the country⑧ _________ (make) in Jingdezhen. However, because of excessive production during this period, the white clay in Jingdezhen was soon exhausted.
But luckily, a new type of clay was discovered in Jingdezhen's surrounding⑨ _________ (area) in the early Yuan dynasty. This new clay is called Kaolin clay⑩ _________ (feature) high density and it can stand temperatures as high as 1, 300 degrees Celsius during firing, making the porcelain "as white and smooth as jade and as thin as a piece of paper, and able to produce a crisp sound as a chime".
33.
In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted ①______ (build) a new dam across the Nile, ②______ led to protests. Faced with the big challenge, the government had to turn③______ the United Nations for help.
A committee④______ (establish) to prevent the loss of cultural relics. They asked for contributions from different⑤_____ (department) and raised funds within the international community. After investigating the issue and⑥______ (conduct) several tests, they made a proposal that temples and other cultural sites⑦______ (take) down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together in a place where they were safe from the water.
Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless⑧______ (culture) relics and fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. The project was⑨______ great success, and proved that big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions. The countries learnt that ⑩______ was possible for them to work together to build a better tomorrow.
答案以及解析
一、基础练习
1.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意：——如果你能留下来吃午饭我将不胜感激的。——很抱歉，我不能，我有一个约会。由"我有一个约会"可知，不能留下来吃午饭，can't 表示不能，故选C。
2.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：请别担心！所有款项应在年底前付清。A. will愿意；B. shall应该；C. can能够；D. must必须。根据"All payments"和"be made by the end of the year"可知，此处表示向对方允诺，所有款项应在年底前付清。故填B。
3.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意：他是个热心的经理，但他有时可能很不讲方式方法。A. should 应该；B. will 将要；C. can能，可能；D. must 必须。由"He is a warm-hearted manager"和"be very tactless sometimes" 可知，空格处用can表示"可能会"表可能性、推测。故选C。
4.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意：——如果你能留下来吃午饭我将不胜感激的。——很抱歉，我不能，我有一个约会。由"我有一个约会"可知，不能留下来吃午饭，can't 表示不能，故选C。
5.答案：D
解析：考查情态动词的词义辨析。根据句意，表示委婉地询问可以吗，应用may。A应该；B需要；C必须。故选：D。
6.答案：A
解析：考查情态动词。句意：——祝贺你!你一定为这次英语演讲比赛下了很大的功夫。——谢谢。我很感激老师的指导。A. must have done一定已经做了；B. should have done本应做；C. could do能做；D. would do会做。根据句意可知，演讲很成功，说话人向演讲者表达祝贺，说话人推测演讲者在此之前一定为这次比赛下了很大的功夫；对过去情况的肯定推测用must have done结构，意为"一定做了……"。故选A项。
7.答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：像杰瑞这样的人才竟然离开了他最喜欢的工作，真是太遗憾了。"It is a pity+that从句"意为"竟然；居然"时，表示出乎意料的事情，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"should+动词原形"。故选C。
8.答案：D
解析：考查情态动词。句意：——考试对我们来说非常重要。你认为是吗 ——是的，所以我们在考试时再认真都不为过。A.must't禁止；B.daren't不敢；C.neednt不必；D.can't不能。分析结构可知这句话使用"can't be too+形容词"的句型，意为"再……都不为过"。故选D。
9.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词用法辨析。句意：史密斯线不可能去了北京，因为我刚刚在图书馆看见他了。needn't have done一般用于否定句或疑问句中，表示"过去没有必要做某事，但实际上却做了"；mustn't have done形式不存在，must表推测时不用于否定句；can't have done表示对过去事实的否定推测，意为"不可能做过某事"；shouldn't have done表示本来不应该做某事，而实际上做了，含有指责对方或自责之意。结合句意，作者在图书馆看到史密斯先生，他"不可能已经去北京了"。故选C项。
10.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：你不必成为球迷也能看明白职业足球运动员的技术——他们如何利用自己的身体来传球、得分和防守，会令观众感到惊奇。A. mustn't禁止；might或许；B. needn't不必；can会；能够；C. don't have to没必要；may或许；D. can't不能；might或许。根据句意可知，第一空表示"不必"可用needn't和don't have to；第二空为推测，表示"会"且语气较强，用情态动词can，故选B。
11.答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气句型。句意：每个孩子都有平等的受教育机会是至关重要的。分析句子可知，该句为It is essential that.的固定句型，要求that从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语由"should+动词原形"，且should可以省略。故选C项。
12.答案：A
解析：句意：张桂梅，一位著名的道德模范，本可以享受更好的生活，但两者她都不关心，她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法，表示"原本……"用could have +过去分词，A项"could have enjoyed（本能够享受）"与句子表达的含义一致。故选：A。
13.答案：A
解析：考查should have done用法。句意：——电脑一直提醒我"出错了，不能保存文件"。——嗯，你昨天本应该按照技术人员的建议更新软件的。这个旧版本不太好用。A.should have updated本应该更新；B. must have updated肯定更新了；C. couldn't have updated不可能更新了；D. needn't have updated本不必要更新。根据"This old version doesn't work well."可知，此处表示"昨天本应该更新软件"，should have done表示过去本应该做而没做的事情。故选A项。
14.答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气.句意：要不是免费的票，我不会这么经常去看电影.从主句中would not have gone可以看出是与过去相反，故从句应该使用had done. C答案省略了if，提前had，相当于if it had not been.故选择C。
15.答案：C
解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：她坚持要把那个偷她钱包的人送到警察局去。根据句意可知，insist意为 "坚持要求，坚决主张"，其后的that从句中用sb. should do的虚拟语气，should可省略，那个人是被送到警察局去，因此空格处是被动语态 (should) be sent。故选C。
二、能力提升
16.答案：mustn't
解析：句意：对不起,先生,您需要挪一下您的车。入口处禁止停车。根据语境可知,此处表示禁止,故用mustn't。
17.答案：would
解析：句意：我在北京大学学习时，晚上常常绕着未名湖散步。此处表示过去的习惯，故用情态动词would"总是，老是"。
18.答案：needn't/don't have to
解析：句意：你没有必要告诉李明这件事。他已经知道了。根据"He has already known about it"可知,此处表示"不必",故应填needn't/don't have to。
19.答案：couldn't have joined
解析：句意：昨天她不可能参加了这个晚会, 她前天就出国了。根据所给语境可知, 是对过去动作的否定推测, 即couldn't have done, 故填couldn't have joined。
20.答案：would/should/could/might make
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他去上清华大学，他会充分利用他的时间。结合句意可知表示对将来情况的虚拟，从句用了should+动词原形，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。故填would/should/could/might make。
21.答案：should
解析：句意为：为了保证孩子的安全,父母应该把家里的刀子和药品之类的东西收起来。根据句意可知,此处表示劝告或建议,意为"应该",应用 should。
22.答案：can
解析：句意为：你不可能累一一你才工作了十分钟。根据句意可知,此处表示猜测,且表示"不可能",空后已有not,故填can。
23.答案：can/could
解析：句意为：今天早上我在会议室没看到她。她不可能在会上发言了。根据句意及第一句中的didn't see可知,此处表示对过去情况的推测,意为"过去不可能做某事",应用can/could not have done sth。
24.答案：can/could/may/might
解析：句意为：一四现在快7：45了,贝丝还没出现。一她可能/也许忘记了时间。我为什么不打电话看看发生了什么呢 根据句意可知,此处表示对过去的推测,表示"可能/也许已经做了某事",应用can/could/may/might have done sth。故填 can/could/may/might。
25.答案：can
解析：句意为：一些科学证据表明(人在)七岁以前的音乐训练对大脑的发育可能有重要影响。根据句意可知,此处表示理论上的可能性,应用情态动词can。
26.答案：can/could/may/might
解析：句意为：科技理应让我们的生活更轻松,但它有时也会让人沮丧。根据句意可知,此处表示可能性,应用情态动词can 、could、may或 might。
27.答案：(should) be taken
解析：句意为：专家强烈要求立即采取行动来保护海洋不受污染。urge意为"敦促；强烈要求",其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用"(should+)动词原形"；action与take之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填(should) be taken。
28.答案：would have lost
解析：句意为：如果不是因为他们的及时救援,那位老太太就会失去生命。本句为 if 引导的虚拟条件句的倒装, 从句省略了 if, 将 had 提前到了句首, 完整的从句应是 If it had not been for their timely rescue, 因此本句是对过去情况的虚拟,主句谓语应用 "would+ have+过去分词" 结构。故填 would have lost。
29.答案：choose
解析：句意为：我的建议是他应该选择出国深造。在 advice 后的表语从句应用虚拟语气, 结构为 "should+动词原形",其中 should 可省略。故填 choose 。
30.答案：were
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：这个孩子像成人那样和我们讲话。结合语境可知，as if引导的方式状语从句所陈述的内容与现在的事实相反，应用一般过去时，be通常用were。故填were。
三、拓展训练
31.答案：①was closing②to run③reading④had happened⑤seated⑥surprised⑦a⑧who⑨into⑩were
解析：①考查时态。根据后文内容可知,这家书店即将关闭。此处应用过去进行时,表示过去即将发生的动作。
②考查非谓语动词。此处it为形式主语,应用动词不定式作真正的主语。
③考查非谓语动词。根据前后语境可知年轻人更愿意读电子书。prefer to do sth.强调特定的或某次具体的动作,即在一定的场合下宁愿做某事。prefer doing sth.强调一般性倾向,即对某种行为的偏爱。
④考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,此处表示对过去的虚拟,故用过去完成时。
⑤考查非谓语动词。此处为固定搭配(be) seated on...,意为"坐在……",表示状态。
⑥考查形容词。主语是I,故填surprised,意为"惊讶的"。
⑦考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且后面的different以辅音音素开头,故填a。
⑧考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a saleswoman,指人,从句中缺少主语,故填who。
⑨考查介词。turn...into...将……变成……,此处为被动形式,故填介词into。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。此处为there be结构。根据前文可知为一般过去时。由后面的more community events可知应填were。
32.答案：①known ②its ③the ④which/that ⑤Eventually⑥in ⑦that ⑧be made ⑨areas ⑩featuring
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：景德镇，被称为中国的"瓷器之都"，不仅给了这个国家几个世纪的巨大国际影响力，而且还给了它的英文名字"China"。本句谓语为gave，此处为非谓语动词，且Jingdezhen与know"知道"为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。known as"被称为"。故填known。
②考查代词。句意：景德镇，被称为中国的"瓷器之都"，不仅给了这个国家几个世纪的巨大国际影响力，而且还给了它的英文名字"China"。此处用形容词性物主代词its"它的"，作定语，修饰English name。故填its。
③考查冠词。句意："china"这个词实际上是Changnan的音译，Changnan是中国瓷器之都的一个古老名字，欧洲人从那里进口了大量瓷器，最初被称为"白金"。此处Chinese porcelain capital后为定语从句修饰Chinese porcelain capital，为特指Chinese porcelain capital，应用定冠词the。故填the。
④考查定语从句。句意："china"这个词实际上是Changnan的音译，Changnan是中国瓷器之都的一个古老名字，欧洲人从那里进口了大量瓷器，最初被称为"白金"。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese porcelain capital，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/ that引导。故填which/ that。
⑤考查副词。句意：最终，他们开始用瓷器的名字来称呼整个国家——中国。此处用副词eventually"最终"，作状语，修饰句子，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Eventually。
⑥考查介词。句意：景德镇早在公元6世纪就开始生产瓷器，并在宋代见证了产量的快速增长。此处用介词in，表示"在……方面"。故填in。
⑦考查强调句型。句意：公元1004年，宋真宗根据国号将景德镇更名为景德镇，并要求全国所有的御用瓷器都要在景德镇制造。本句用强调句型："it be+被强调部分+that+其它"。被强调部分为in 1004。故填that。
⑧考查虚拟语气。句意：公元1004年，宋真宗根据国号将景德镇更名为景德镇，并要求全国所有的御用瓷器都要在景德镇制造。demand的宾语从句，谓语用"should+动词原形"，should可以省略。且all imperial porcelain与make"制造"为主动关系，应用过去分词，且位于should后，用be made。故填be made。
⑨考查名词。句意：但幸运的是，元朝早期在景德镇周边地区发现了一种新型粘土。area"地区"为可数名词，结合句意可知，地区不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作宾语。故填areas。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：这种新型黏土被称为高岭土，具有高密度，在烧制过程中可以承受高达1300摄氏度的温度，使瓷器"像玉石一样洁白光滑，像纸一样薄，能发出像编钟一样清脆的声音"。本句谓语为is called，此处为非谓语动词，且Kaolin clay与feature"以……为特色"为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填featuring。
33.答案：to build；which；to；was established；departments；conducting；should be taken/be taken；cultural；a；it
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：20世纪50年代，埃及政府希望在尼罗河上修建一座新大坝，这引发了抗议。want to do sth.意为"想要做某事"，用build"建设"的不定式作宾语。故填to build。
②考查定语从句。句意：20世纪50年代，埃及政府希望在尼罗河上修建一座新大坝，这引发了抗议。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
③考查介词。句意：面对这一巨大挑战，政府不得不求助于联合国。turn to...for help为固定搭配，意为"向……求助"。故填to。
④考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：为了防止文物流失，成立了一个委员会。根据上下文时态，这里陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。主语A committee和动词establish"成立"之间是动宾关系，所以应用一般过去时被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was established。
⑤考查名词的数。句意：他们要求不同部门捐款，并在国际社会内筹集资金。department意为"部门"，为可数名词，且其前有different修饰，所以应用名词复数，作from的宾语。故填departments。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：在调查了这个问题并进行了几次测试后，他们提出了一个建议，即将寺庙和其他文化遗址一块一块地拆除，然后将它们移到一个远离水的安全地方，重新拼凑起来。空处应用conduct"实施"的动名词形式，作介词After的宾语。故填conducting。
⑦考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：在调查了这个问题并进行了几次测试后，他们提出了一个建议，即将寺庙和其他文化遗址一块一块地拆除，然后将它们移到一个远离水的安全地方，重新拼凑起来。that引导同位语从句对名词proposal"建议"进行解释说明，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用"should+动词原形"的形式，should可以省略。主语temples and other cultural sites和take down之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填should be taken或be taken。
⑧考查形容词。句意：在接下来的20年里，数千名工程师和工人拯救了22座寺庙和无数文物，50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8000万美元。空处应用形容词cultural"文化的"，作定语，修饰空后的relics。故填cultural。
⑨考查冠词。句意：该项目取得了巨大成功，并证明了巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。success在这里表示"成功的事物"是可数名词，表泛指，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑩考查it作形式主语。句意：这些国家了解到，他们有可能共同努力，建设一个更美好的明天。it is possible for sb. to do sth.意为"对某人来说做某事是可能的"，为固定句型，it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填it。