2025届高考英语二轮复习 专题十五 阅读理解（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习 专题十五 阅读理解（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 58.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-24 19:33:34 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
专题十五 阅读理解
一、基础练习
With the cost of living in the United States soaring, more and more people are setting their sights on an international destination.
Ecuador
For real bargain hunters, Ecuador is cheap and safe with a very comfortable year-round climate. The cost of living for one person in the country is $750. Ecuador is geographically diverse with miles of endless beaches, hills and rainforests. Housing is economical with the average rent for one person costing around $ 307 per month.
Coats Rica
Costa Rica is the perfect place to live abroad without depleting (耗尽) your savings. The cost of living is around $893 and rent for one person runs approximately $406 per month. The tropical destination has cost-effective healthcare. The weather is gorgeous, the water is warm and the housing is highly affordable.
Uruguay
The country is exquisite (精美的), offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons. The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the states at $1,090 and you can find a nice apartment at the reasonable price of $ 500 per month.
Panama
Panama could be a good option for anyone to live cheaply. The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U. S. at $1,040 for one person. Rent runs approximately $ 530 per month and food takes up another $353, but outside of that costs are minimal. The country has a mild climate and offers world-class beaches.
1. Which country has economical healthcare
A. Ecuador. B. Costa Rica. C. Uruguay. D. Panama.
2. What makes Uruguay special
A. Its reasonable rent. B. Its good bargains.
C. Its diverse climates. D. Its cheap apartments.
3. How much is the cost of living in the United States
A. Close to $1,090. B. Around $ 750. C. Under $ 893. D. Above $ 2, 080.
Amazing Train Rides
Taking a train in the winter is fun. The mountains turn from green to white, and you can enjoy them on the journey. Now many holiday-themed trains add fun. All aboard!
●Aurora Winter Train: Alaska
This seasonal scenic train that heads north from Anchorage is popular. From the Winter Train you'll see a snow-white Denali, America's tallest peak(山峰)-and with any luck, a trackside moose(驼鹿).You can get off the train after three hours at Talkeetna to ski in Denali or continue on for another nine hours to Fairbanks for some northern lights viewing. There're few better places, as Fairbanks is America's northernmost city.
●The Ski Train, Colorado
The Ski Train is a joyful ride even for non-skiers. The ride connects Denver's 1914 Beaux-Arts station with the Winter Park ski area. One minute you're in downtown Denver's Beaux-Arts Union Station and two hours later you're stepping off the train. 100 feet from a Winter Park ski lift. What a wonderful ride it is!
●Amtrak California Zephyr: Chicago to San Francisco
Long-distance train travelers adore west wind in any season, but winter adds the appeal of sugary snow outside the window as you travel over the Rockies and Sierras. Departing daily all winter from both Chicago and San Francisco, the 51-hour journey offers hotel-level service in a bedroom. Or you can break up the trip with stops to sleep (and ski) in Denver or Salt Lake City.
●Canyon & Christmas trains: Arizona
Snowbirds" who escape the Midwest cold in December by flying to Arizona wish for memories of a Christmas away from the desert. With a short drive from Phoenix to Clarkdale (near Sedona).they'll see small pines and red rock hills while hugging the Verde River on the four-hour Verde Canyon train in indoor and open-air cars.
4. What should you do if you go to Fairbanks from Anchorage to see northern lights
A. Change trains in Denali.
B. Take a 12-hour train ride.
C. Climb over the tallest peak.
D. Travel through a moose farm.
5. On which ride can you enjoy comfortable accommodation
A. Aurora Winter Train.
B. The Ski Train.
C. Amtrak California Zephyr.
D. Canyon & Christmas trains.
6. What is the similarity of the four winter train rides
A. They are all available during the whole year.
B. They are intended for young travel enthusiasts.
C. They offer the passengers good chances of skiing.
D. They provide access to winter scenery on the way.
An extraordinary adventure is in store for you on the first floor of the Eiffel Tower: “Eiffel Tower Effect”. This adventure, brought to you by the Eiffel Tower and designed by start-up Mira, presents new opportunities and invites visitors to take part in a virtual reality adventure charged with emotions, suspense and excitement!
You will form teams of 2 to 4 people fitted with virtual reality headsets(头盔) and be transported to a world aboard a Zeppelin flying around the Eiffel Tower. At the end of this thrilling adventure, if you complete your mission, you'll win a chance to take part in a night flight around the Eiffel Tower.
Experience duration: 12 minutes
Prices for the experience:
Tickets for the “Eiffel Tower Effect” can be bought on site, during your visit, in the Tower's official store located on the first floor!
Standard price (over age 12): ?15
Discount rate for children (aged 8—11) and people with disabilities: ?12
Opening times
Monday to Sunday from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. —Last admission at 7:30 p.m.
Who can play
The experience is recommended for healthy adults and children aged 11 and over (not available to children under age 8). Please note: Because of the technology involved, virtual reality experiences are not recommended for pregnant women, people with heart problems, or people with balance or vision problems.
7. What can we learn about the “Eiffel Tower Effect”
A. It is a virtual reality adventure.
B. It is a night flight around the Eiffel Tower.
C. Visitors should finish a task to experience it.
D. Visitors will experience it on the top of the tower.
8. Who are unfit to participate in the adventure
A. Teenagers with disabilities. B. Women with glasses.
C. Old people in good health. D. People with heart diseases.
9. How much should a mother with her 9-year-old son pay
A. ?15. B. ?24. C. ?27. D. ?30.
Mobile messaging apps offer a superior alternative to email and text messaging and free video calling over Wi-Fi or data plans. Aside from the apps you’re familiar with, some of the best messaging apps for desktop and mobile devices are here.
WhatsApp
A mobile text messaging app designed for smartphones and tablets lets you send text messages, make VoIP (Voice over Internet Phone) calls, and share files from your phone or computer. It also lets you share your location, and you can view the other person’s location without leaving the app, thanks to a built-in map.
Snapchat
Different from most mobile communication apps, it can make messages disappear after you send it and it’s viewed. The app developers then delete them from their servers. You can also send messages without pictures and use Snapcash to send and receive money from your phone.
Telegram
A cloud-based messaging service is accessible from all of your devices. Unlike most messaging apps, it allows you to edit and delete messages even after sending them. Additionally, you can send files, and share your location. It also lets you send messages that are automatically deleted after an appointed time.
Silent Phone
This app supports one-on-one video chat, multi-party voice conferencing for up to six participants, etc. Calls and texts between Silent Phone users are encrypted(加密) end-to-end on mobile devices, considered the best for those to handle sensitive data. The built-in Burn feature lets you set an auto-destruct time for messages from one minute to three months for further security.
10. Which app can help you easily find where the other is
A. Snapchat. B. WhatsApp. C. Telegram. D. Silent Phone.
11. What do Telegram and Snapchat have in common
A. Users can send and receive money on their phones.
B. Users can freely delete pictures from the servers.
C. Users can share their locations with each other.
D. Users can feel relieved as their privacy is protected.
12. Who is more likely to use Silent Phone
A. Those who often send messages. B. Those who enjoy having video chats.
C. Those who manage their companies. D. Those who are into encrypted devices.
二、能力提升
Eric Ashby’s fascination with nature began at an early age. His first article; Bird Photography. an Ideal Hobby for Boys, was published when he was just 16 and illustrated with photographs that he’d taken.
His interest in photography had been sparked four years earlier in 1930, when the wildlife photographer Cherry Kearton came to Southsea, Ashby’s hometown, to present a show of his work. The 12-year-old Ashby saw the show and immediately started saving; his pocket money to buy a camera for filming wildlife in the nearby New Forest. But Ashby’s films did not reach the public due to the World War II.
After the war, he and his wife Eileen moved to Badger(獾) Cottage, in the heart of the New Forest. It was here that Ashby perfected the techniques that would make him famous through the new medium of television. His patience and technical knowledge allowed him to film badgers at their holes during daylight —the first time this behavior had ever been captured on camera. In 1961, at the age of 43, Ashby finally got his big break, when the BBC showed his 45-minute film The Unknown Forest. The film had taken four years to make and received a very positive response from viewers. The nature writer Richard Mabey was hugely impressed and remarked that the film “changed the standards for home-grow n wildlife documentaries”.
After the film was shown, he was given the nickname “the silent watcher”. The nickname not only stuck, it became the title of his second film.
In 1963, Ashby made the first British wildlife film in colour, although it took four years before The Major appeared in its full glory, as the BBC did not broadcast in colour until 1967.
He was awarded the Royal Geographical Society’s Cherry Kearton Medal and Award in 1975and in 1992 received an MBE. He died, aged 85, on 6 February 2003, but his legacy lives on.
13. What does the underlined word “sparked” mean in Paragraph 2
A. Revived. B. Inspired. C. Assessed. D. Increased.
14. What might lead to the success of his 1961 film
A. His skills and the new medium TV. B. Animal knowledge and new standards.
C. The positive response from viewers. D. The recommendation from a nature writer.
15. What can be learned from Paragraph5
A. The Major took Ashby 4 years to make.
B. The Major was not broadcast on BBC.
C. The Major was another success for Ashby.
D. The Major was the first color film in the world.
16. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. An Award Winner B. A Silent Watcher
C. The Life of a Badger D. The Story in a Forest
From a young age, children learn that the word “please” holds special power in communication. It is often seen as a key to unlocking favors and turning demands into polite requests. However, recent research challenges this belief, suggesting that “please” may not always carry universal significance but instead functions as a strategic tool to navigate social dynamics.
A study published in Social Psychology Quarterly by UCLA sociologists provides a thorough examination of how people make requests. Contrary to common assumptions, the study reveals that “please” is used far less frequently than expected. Its usage is particularly significant in situations where a negative response is anticipated.
Whether asking for butter at the dinner table or requesting a ride to the airport, individuals often use “please” when they sense reluctance or busyness from the other person. Rather than acting as a blanket expression of politeness, it serves as a tactic to overcome resistance in interpersonal interactions.
Lead researcher Andrew Chalfoun emphasizes understanding each situation rather than relying on shallow, one-size-fits-all rules of etiquette. He warns that overusing “please” can seem pushy or insincere, affecting the desired response. The study analyzed over a thousand requests and found that “please” was used in only 7% of cases, mainly when individuals expected resistance or when the person asked was busy.
Moreover, the findings indicate that children use “please” similarly to adults, often employing it strategically after experiencing previous refusals. This highlights how learned social norms shape linguistic behavior from an early age, influencing personality development.
The researchers hope that their insights into the pragmatic use of politeness will inspire future studies on social behavior. By uncovering the subtleties of everyday interactions, they aim to create more accurate models of human communication, ultimately helping individuals accomplish more effective and meaningful interactions.
17. What does recent research suggest about the usage of the word “please” in communication
A. It is universally recognized as polite.
B. It is primarily a strategic tool for social dynamics.
C. It is always used in formal requests.
D. It is effective regardless of context.
18. According to the research, in which scene is it most likely to use “please”
A. Passing food at a family dinner.
B. Asking a stranger for directions.
C. A friend asking to borrow money from you.
D. Requesting assistance from a busy colleague.
19. How did the researchers analyze the usage of "please"
A. Through interviews with children.
B. By observing social interactions.
C. By studying over a thousand requests.
D. By comparing different languages.
20. Which of the following serves as the best title of the passage
A. The Power of Politeness in Language.
B. Rethinking the Role of “Please” in Requests.
C. The Universal Nature of Politeness.
D. How Children Learn to Use “Please”.
I didn't go to Santiago, Chile to look for friendship. In fact, Chile was not even on my wish list.
A mid-life crisis woman, I got a chance to study abroad. I only wanted to learn about global business, taste South American cuisine, and check “study abroad” off my wish list.
On the fifth day, I joined a group for a neighborhood work project aided by the anti-poverty (扶贫) organization. Our tasks were to build a water tower and paint the community center. Upon arrival, I couldn't believe my eyes. It was like a scene out of a horrible film. That moment redefined poverty for me because I had never seen such terrible living conditions. As advised, I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.
Just as I was about to start work on painting, a request came through for a few volunteers to help Nadia, a local resident who volunteered to cook for us. I raised my hand to help because I wanted to spend time with the people of the neighborhood despite my shortage of Spanish-speaking skills.
Nadia had a sincere smile but not overly friendly. Even without speaking each other's language, we started to learn about one another. We chatted about our children, our upbringing, shared pictures of our families, struggled to instruct each other to communicate in the other's language, and laughed many times.
After we fed everybody and the dishes were washed, my day was over. But I found myself hesitant to leave. It was as if I had known her for my entire life. I had not predicted the unselfishness of heart I would encounter, and it was moving.
As we were waiting for the car to pick us up, Nadia showed me her plants that were well-maintained. I could see that despite the hard conditions she was passionate about life. She made me long to be a stronger person. She showed me that poverty was external, but happiness was internal. I was seeking to give 100 percent for a well-intentioned cause, but I left receiving 200 percent from her.
21. What was the author's initial purpose of going to Chile
A. To find new friends while traveling.
B. To participate in an anti-poverty project.
C. To fulfill the desire to study abroad.
D. To gain a graduate certificate in business.
22. What did the author do after seeing the living conditions in the neighborhood
A. She decided to relieve the poverty. B. She kept her emotions well hidden.
C. She comforted the shocked volunteers. D. She refused to continue the present task.
23. Why did the author volunteer to work with Nadia
A. She felt very sympathetic toward Nadia.
B. She longed to interact with the local residents.
C. She wanted to improve her Spanish-speaking skills.
D. She preferred cooking to painting the community center.
24. What did the author learn from Nadia
A. True friends are never apart in heart.
B. Happiness is defined by a positive attitude.
C. Language is not a barrier to great connections.
D. Unselfishness is putting others before ourselves.
While Industry 5.0 is believed to have started in 2020, the rise of AI in recent years has led experts to say it is now coming. Imagine AI-powered robots that see, hear, touch and more, pooling fresh data from across those groups of sensors to create that data with the vast ranges of digital data stored elsewhere online. The age is a major leap from the First Industrial Revolution, when steam engine started to achieve widespread commercial use.
Professor John Nosta says, “The integration of sensory capabilities into AI models is not merely a technological leap. It represents a shift in our philosophical understanding of artificial and human intelligence.”
He has also referred to the new era as “the Cognitive (认知) Age,” which will completely change how humans live, work, and think about themselves. According to Nosta, humans don’t typically think of computers as “experiencing” the world themselves. But that assumption will be challenged as more advanced AI systems are hooked up to ever more and ever greater sensors. The machines won’t just be logic boxes that humans input data and commands for processing. The AI will collect that data more and more on its own, experiencing the world for itself.
“This is not just about understanding words, but also about grasping the tone, pitch (音高), and emphasis, which add layers of meaning often absent in written text. Image recognition adds another layer of complexity,” he added. “For example, it can analyze photographs, identify objects, and even understand the emotional content of facial expressions.”
The Johannesburg-based business school is just one of many college-level programs attempting to investigate and teach its students about the still-emerging IR 5.0. Seton Hall in New Jersey offers a three-credit course on this latest age in human technology and trade; MIT has brought in guest speakers to lecture on the concept, and many other research institutions are following suit.
25. Where does IR 5.0 differ from previous industrial revolution
A. It processes data and commands.
B. It interacts with humans through texts.
C. It enhances human sensory capabilities.
D. It employs more senses in its application.
26. Why is IR 5. 0 called the Cognitive age
A. AI collects and interprets data itself.
B. AI turns written texts into voice.
C. AI understands written language well.
D. AI has an ability of expressing emotions
27. How do some colleges address IR 5.0
A. By offering related courses.
B. By expecting more industrial revolution.
C. By applying AI to the technological trade.
D. By preparing for the rapid economic changes.
28. What is the best title for the text
A. Al Is Approaching Us Gradually
B. A New IR Is About Machine Learning
C. AI Has Developed Its Own Senses
D. We Are Entering IR 5.0 Now
三、拓展训练
Have you ever seen one of the many videos of an elephant grabbing a paintbrush, putting it in paint, and producing a painting similar to something a 5-year-old could create While watching an elephant paint is an amazing sight, we can't help but wonder whether the training methods and results reflect animal cruelty.
A 2014 study on four captive (被圈养的) Asian elephants at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia sought to identify stress-related behaviors around the activity of painting. While the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting—not stressful, nor enriching—it seemed that when an elephant was not selected to paint, it displayed non-interactive behavior.
This is seen as a possible signal of stress in the animals.
In addition, PETA, a famous animal rights group, has cited several American zoos that use harmful training methods to get elephants to paint, perform tricks, play instruments, and more. Not every zoo that organizes elephant painting uses aggression (攻击) to encourage the elephants. However, PETA argues that animal shelters should not force animals to do tricks at all.
Activist organizations warn that elephants can undergo extreme discomfort in the training process. Furthermore, many of the painting elephants are very young, at an age where they should still be with their mothers. It raises questions about whether there's a chance that they were caught for the express purpose of performing, or if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild.
It is difficult to support any kind of trained behavior that differs greatly from a wild animal's natural tendencies. The role of a shelter, ideally, is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild teaching them to paint does not seem to align with that target, particularly if it's not a learned behavior that the animal would be willing to do independently.
29. What can be safely concluded from the 2014 study
A. Researchers didn't collect solid evidence.
B. Painting promoted elephants' interaction.
C. Negative effects of painting were confirmed.
D. Elephants made strong responses to painting.
30. What is a concern of activist organizations
A. Complexity of the training process.
B. Purposes of elephants' performance.
C. Daily activities of captive elephants.
D. Potential for elephants' return to nature.
31. What does the underlined phrase "align with" in the last paragraph mean
A. Wander off. B. Set up. C. Consist with. D. Go against.
32. What might be the best title for the text
A. How PETA Helps B. Why People Right Animals
C. Should Elephants Paint D. Should Elephants live in captivity
If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow (棉花糖) test. In this task, kids are given a single treat, such as a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or they can wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead.
Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for the experimenter to come back with two marshmallows.
Wait times in the marshmallow test came to be seen as indicators of self-control. But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms (准则) than self-control A 2022 study by Yanaoka tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. In the United States (with some exceptions), there is no widespread custom of waiting until everyone is served to eat your food. However, in Japan, there is a mealtime custom of waiting until everyone has been served before anyone digs in.
Because of this difference in norms, the researchers assumed that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found. The researchers did a clever follow-up experiment. They found one field where children in the U.S. are accustomed to waiting longer than Japanese children are: Opening presents. In the U.S., gifts are usually given on special occasions, such as birthdays and Christmas. On these occasions, children usually have to wait before they can open their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, Yanaoka expected that if they ran the marshmallow test with Japanese and American kids, but they replaced marshmallows with packaged gifts, then American kids would wait longer to open them. Once again, their assumption was correct. When the potential rewards were packaged gifts instead of food, American children waited 15 minutes on average, and Japanese children waited about four minutes on average.
This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only four minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but then waits almost four times longer to open a gift, can we really say that that child lacks self-control I don't think so.
33. What is the main factor that influences children’s behavior in the experiments
A. Self-control. B. Parental influence.
C. Cultural norms. D. Reward preferences.
34. What did the study find about American children
A. They often receive gifts.
B. They display higher self-control.
C. They prefer gifts to food rewards.
D. They tend to wait longer to open gifts.
35. How did Yanaoka conduct the follow-up experiment
A. By referring to data. B. By making a comparison.
C. By introducing a concept. D. By presenting an argument.
36. What is the author's attitude towards Yanaoka’s study
A. Critical. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.
It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.
It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.
So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.
37. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more
A. The improved service. B. The advertising cost.
C. The familiarity principle. D. The law of the market.
38. What can be learned from paragraph 2
A. Our preferences affect our decisions.
B. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect.
C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword.
D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions.
39. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles
A. Disapproving. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Reserved.
40. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone
B. Spare A Thought For Your Preference
C. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone
D. Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect
Social media can lead to mental exhaustion (疲惫). And when mentally exhausted, you are more likely to be influenced by a high number of likes on posts—even to the point of clicking on ads for products you don't need or want.
As a professor of advertising, I have studied social media behaviors for years. In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently.
The control group in each study were given no introductory task—we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information.
The group that used the Internet first were the most likely to want to buy the featured product when there were lots of likes or comments, and they also reported using the most mental effort to assess the ad. Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. All of this evaluating leaves them feeling frazzled.
Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea.
By understanding how social media influences them, consumers can be more thoughtful in regulating their use—and hopefully not buy yet another water bottle they don’t need.
41. Why did the author conduct three online studies on Americans aged 18-65
A. To investigate their online habits.
B. To test their reactions to advertisements.
C. To research what kind of advertising is effective.
D. To discover why people suffer great mental stress.
42. What docs paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the study
A. Its purpose. B. Its process.
C. Its finding. D. Its significance.
43. What does the underlined word “frazzled” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Interested. B. Depressed. C. Annoyed. D. Tired.
44. Why does the author mention “your roommate” in paragraph 5
A. To further explain cognitive overload.
B. To stress the importance of relationships.
C. To strongly call on people to eat healthily.
D. To remind people not to rely on mobile phones.
答案以及解析
一、基础练习
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中的 cost-effective health care可知，Costa Rica拥有经济划算的医疗保健服务，故选B项。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据对四个国家的介绍及第四段第一句可知，只有Uruguay拥有不同的四个季节，其他国家的气候都是温和的，故选C项。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，Panama的生活费$1040低于美国的一半，故美国的生活费高于2080美元，故选D项。
4.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Aurora Winter Train Alaska中可知,从安克雷奇到费尔班克斯看北极光需要乘坐12个小时的火车,故B项正确。
5.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Amtrak California Zephyr: Chicago to San Francisco 中可知,你可以在加州清风号上享受到酒店级的住宿，故C项正确，
6.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“The mountains turn from green to white, and you can enjoy them on the journey.”及接下来的介绍可知，这四条火车路线的相似之处是它们都可让人们沿途享受美丽的冬景,故D项正确。
7.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段 “invites visitors to take part in a virtual reality adventure charged with emotions, suspense and excitement”可知，这是虚拟现实的冒险体验。故选A。
8.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据Who can play 部分的“virtual reality experiences are not recommended for pregnant women, people with heart problems, or people with balance or vision problems”可知，孕妇和有心脏病的人都不适合进行这项冒险。故选D。
9.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Prices for the experience部分的内容可知，12岁以上价格是15，8-11岁打折后是12，因此15 +12=27，故选C。
10.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。 根据WhatsApp中“you can view the other person’s location without leaving the app”可知,该应用软件可以帮助你查看他人的位置。 故选B。
11.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据Snapchat中“it can make messages disappear after you send it and it’s viewed”和Telegram中“it allows you to edit and delete messages... that are automatically deleted after an appointed time” 可知,这两款应用软件都能自动删除用户发送的消息, 间接保护了用户的隐私。故选D。
12.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。根据Silent Phone中“multi-party voice conferencing for up to six participants”和“considered the best for those to handle sensitive data”可知,该应用软件适合多人会议和处理敏感数据,因此公司管理者更有可能使用这款软件。故选C。
二、能力提升
13.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段when the wildlife photographer Cherry Kearton came to Southsea，Ashby's home town，to present a show of his work.The 12-year-old Ashby saw the show and immediately started saving his pocket money to buy a camera for filming wildlife in the nearby New Forest.（当时野生动物摄影师Cherry Kearton来到Ashby的家乡Southsea，展示他的作品。12岁的阿什比看到这个节目后，立即开始攒零花钱，买了一台相机，在附近的新森林拍摄野生动物。）可知，他对摄影的兴趣是在哪个时候被激发的，sparked的意思是"激发，启发"。A．Revived复兴；B．Inspired激励；C．Assessed评估；D．Increased增加。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段It was here that Ashby perfected the techniques that would make him famous through the new medium of television.His patience and technical knowledge allowed him to film badgers at their holes during daylight — the first time this behaviour had ever been captured on camera.（正是在这里，Ashby完善了技术，使他通过电视这种新媒体成名。他的耐心和技术知识使他能够在白天拍摄到獾在洞里的行为——这是第一次被相机捕捉到。）可知，导致了他1961年的电影的成功的是独特的场景和新媒体电视。故选A。
15.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段In 1963，Ashby made the first British wildlife film in colour，although it took four years before The Major appeared in its full glory，as the BBC did not broadcast（播放） in colour until 1967.（1963年，Ashby拍摄了英国第一部彩色野生动物电影，尽管The Major花了四年时间才全面上映，因为BBC直到1967年才开始播放彩色电影。）可知，The Major是Ashby的又一次成功。C．The Major was another success for Ashby.（The Major是Ashby的又一次成功。）符合文意，故选C。
16.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。根据第四段In 1961，at the age of 43，Ashby finally got his big break，when the BBC showed his 45-minute film The Unknown Forest.（1961年，43岁的Ashby终于迎来了他的重大突破，BBC播放了他45分钟的电影The Unknown Forest。）和倒数第二段After the film was shown，he was given the nickname "the silent watcher".The nickname not only stuck，it became the title of his second film.（电影上映后，他被称为"沉默的观察者"。这个绰号不仅沿用至今，还成为了他第二部电影的片名。）可知，本文主要讲的是摄影师Eric Ashby的经历和主要成就，他被称为"沉默的观察者"，因此最好的标题是B.A Silent Watcher.（沉默的观察者。）故选B。
17.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章前三段可知,“please”的使用并不是普遍被视为礼貌的，而是一种在社交动态中用来克服抵抗的策略。所以B正确。
18.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容“Individuals often use please when they sense reluctance or busyness from the other person.”可知当个人预期对方会拒绝或对方很忙时，通常会使用“please”。所以D正确
19.答案：C
解析：逻辑推理题。根据文章第四段的内容The study analyzed over a thousand requests.可知研究人员通过分析超过一千个请求来研究“please”的使用情况。所以 C正确。
20.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章探讨了“please”在请求中的作用，并质疑其普遍性，因此，选项 B最能反映文章的主旨。所以B正确。
21.答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。题目问作者去智利的最初目的是什么。A项“为了在旅行时结识新朋友”;B项“为的是参加一个扶贫项目”;C项“为实现出国留学的愿望”;D项“为获得商业研究生证书”。根据第二段第一句“A mid-life crisis woman, I got a chance to study abroad”和该段最后一句中的“check ‘study abroad’ off my wish list”可知,作者去智利的最初目的是实现出国留学的愿望,故选C。
22.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。题目问作者看到街区的生活条件后做了什么。A项“她决定减轻贫困”;B项“她把自己的情绪藏得很好”;C项“她安慰了震惊的志愿者”;D项“她拒绝继续目前的任务”。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句“As advised, I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me”可知,到达社区后,作者简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。这就像一部可怕的电影中的场景。那一刻为作者重新定义了贫困,因为作者从未见过如此可怕的生活条件。正如建议的那样,作者没有表现出内心发生情感斗争的迹象。也就是说作者把自己的情绪很好地掩藏了起来,故选B。
23.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第四段最后一句话“I raised my hand to help... Spanish-speaking skills”可知,作者举手帮忙,因为尽管作者不讲西班牙语,但作者想和街区的人共度时光。也就是说作者主动提出来和Nadia一起工作的原因是她想和当地居民互动,故选B。
24.答案：B
解析：推断。题目问作者从Nadia那里学到了什么。A项“真正的朋友在心里永远不分开”;B项“幸福是由积极的态度来定义的”;C项“语言不是建立良好联系的障碍”;D项“无私就是把别人放在自己之前”。根据最后一段的“She showed me that poverty was external...200 percent from her”可知,她向作者展示了贫穷是外在的,但幸福是内在的。作者试图为一个善意的事业付出100%,但从她那里得到了200%的回报。由此推断出,作者从Nadia那里得知幸福是内在的,是由积极的态度带来的,故选B。
25.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Imagine AI-powered robots that see, hear, touch and more, pooling fresh data from across those groups of sensors to create that data with the vast ranges of digital data stored elsewhere online.(想象一下，人工智能机器人可以看到、听到、触摸等等，从这些传感器组中收集新数据，并与存储在网上其他地方的大量数字数据一起创建这些数据)”和第二段的“The integration of sensory capabilities into AI models is not merely a technological leap. It represents a shift in our philosophical understanding of artificial and human intelligence.(将感官能力整合到人工智能模型中不仅仅是技术上的飞跃。它代表了我们对人工智能和人类智能的哲学理解的转变)”可知，第五次工业革命中在应用中使用了更多的感官。故选D。
26.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“The machines won’t just be logic boxes that humans input data and commands for processing. The AI will collect that data more and more on its own, experiencing the world for itself.(这些机器将不仅仅是人类输入数据和命令进行处理的逻辑盒子。人工智能将越来越多地自己收集数据，自己体验这个世界)”可知，第五次工业革命被称之为认知时代，因为人工智能能够从自己的传感器获取数据，感知世界。故选A。
27.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Johannesburg-based business school is just one of many college-level programs attempting to investigate and teach its students about the still-emerging IR 5.0. Seton Hall in New Jersey offers a three-credit course on this latest age in human technology and trade; MIT has brought in guest speakers to lecture on the concept, and many other research institutions are following suit.(这所位于约翰内斯堡的商学院只是许多大学级别课程中的一所，这些课程试图调查和教授学生有关仍在出现的工业革命5.0的知识。新泽西州的西顿霍尔开设了一门三学分的课程，内容涉及人类技术和贸易的最新时代；麻省理工学院已经邀请了客座演讲者就这一概念进行演讲，许多其他研究机构也在效仿)”可知，多所大学提供了关于第五次工业革命的课程和讲座等。故选A。
28.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“While Industry 5.0 is believed to have started in 2020, the rise of AI in recent years has led experts to say it is now coming.(虽然工业5.0被认为是在2020年开始的，但近年来人工智能的崛起让专家们表示，它现在正在到来)”结合本文主要介绍了随着人工智能技术的迅速发展，人类已迈入第五次工业革命（IR 5.0），这一新时代标志着人与AI之间更深层次的合作。不同于以往以文本命令为主的交互方式，新的工业革命将实现AI能通过视觉、听觉等多种形式收集、整合信息，并结合网络上庞大的数据进行深度理解，预示着一个被称作“认知时代”的新纪元。因此D选项“我们正在进入工业革命5.0”最符合文章标题。故选D。
三、拓展训练
29.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息明题意：本题问"从2014年的研究中 可以得出什么可靠的结论？"→寻线索：根据第二段中的"A 2014 study on four ... the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting"可知，研究人员想发现与绘画活 动有关的与压力相关的行为，但发现大象对绘画的反应是无倾 向性的→定答案：由此可知，研究人员在2014年的研究中并 没有得到可靠的证据来证明大象的绘画活动与压力相关的行 为有关，故选A。文中的neutral是解题的关键，意为"无倾向 性的，中立的"。
30.答案：D
解析：理解具体信息根据第四段的内容，尤其是"if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild"可知，积极分子 组织关注的是大象回归自然的可能性，故选D。
31.答案：C
解析：理解词汇 最后一段中的"The role of a shelter... perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild"指的是收 容所的目标是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活或者也许是为了 让动物回归野外，而教它们画画似乎与这个目标不一致，由此 可知，画线词组意为"一致"，故选C。wander off"漫步"；set up"搭建";consist with"符合,与……一致"；go against"违背"。
32.答案：C
解析：理解文章主旨要义文章第一段通过大象画画介绍了 训练动物的方法和结果，从而引出对动物的虐待这一话题，后 文围绕这一话题展开讨论，故选项C最适合作文章标题。
33.答案：C
解析：细节理解题 根据文章第二段和第三段的描述，Yanaoka 的研究表明文化准则是影响孩 子行为的主要因素。美国和日本的孩子在棉花糖实验中的等待时间差异，以及在礼物实验中 的等待时间差异，都可以归因于他们不同的文化准则。因此，选项C最符合。
34.答案：D
解析：推理判断题 根据文章第四段的描述，Yanaoka 的研究发现，当将潜在奖励从食物改 为礼物时，美国孩子平均等待 15 分钟才打开礼物，而日本孩子平均只等待大约 4 分钟。“When the potential rewards were packaged gifts instead of food, American children waited 15 minutes on average, and Japanese children waited about four minutes on average.”因此，选项 D 最符合。
35.答案：B
解析：推理判断题 这道题目询问Yanaoka 如何进行后续实验，需要从文章中找出相关信息 来回答问题。文章中提到，Yanaoka 通过比较美国和日本孩子在棉花糖实验和礼物实验中的 等待时间，来进行后续实验证明他们的假设。因此正确答案为 B 通过进行比较最符合。
36.答案：D
解析：观点态度题 根据最后一段的描述，作者认为这个研究强有力地证明了文化和习惯对 行为的塑造的重要性，并质疑了是否可以单纯地将孩子的行为归因于缺乏自控能力。因此， 可以说作者对 Yanaoka 的研究持赞同态度。因此，选 D 最符合。
37.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we've got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。
38.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做得并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。
39.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。
40.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone”最能概括文章的主题，即鼓励读者在保持熟悉感的同时，逐渐扩展自己的舒适区。故选C。
41.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently. (2022年底，我和同事埃里克·海利对18-65岁的美国人进行了三项在线研究，以测试不同心理负荷下的人对广告的不同反应。)”可知，作者对18-65岁的美国人进行三项在线研究是为了测试他们对广告的反应。故选B。
42.答案：B
解析：段落大意题。通读第三段“The control group in each study were given no introductory task we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information. (在每项研究中，控制组都没有得到任何介绍任务—我们只是让他们看一个广告。第二组被要求记住一个九位数，然后看广告。第三组在网上浏览了30秒，然后看了广告。参与者随机看到一个有几百个赞或上万个赞的广告。在看完广告后，每个参与者都对他们购买该产品的意愿进行了评估，以及他们花了多少精力来思考这些信息。)”可知，本段主要介绍了此次研究的过程。故选B。
43.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. (研究人员将这种精神疲惫的状态称为“认知超载”。使用社交媒体让他们处于这种状态，因为他们不断地评估来自不同人的不同类型的文本、照片和视频帖子。在几秒钟内，他们可以看到丈夫或妻子的短信、同事的照片、名人的视频和兄弟的表情符号。)”可推断，所有这些评估让他们感到疲惫，划线词的含义为“疲惫的”。A. Interested感兴趣的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Annoyed烦恼的；D. Tired累的。故选D。
44.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea. (想象一下，你问你的室友想不想去吃披萨。在正常情况下，室友可能会考虑几个因素，比如费用、饥饿、时间或他们的日程安排。现在想象一下，当你的室友和生病的亲戚打电话时，你问他们同样的问题。他们不再有精力去逻辑地考虑晚餐吃披萨是否是个好主意。)”可推断，作者提及“你的室友”是为了进一步解释认知超载。故选A。
一、基础练习
With the cost of living in the United States soaring, more and more people are setting their sights on an international destination.
Ecuador
For real bargain hunters, Ecuador is cheap and safe with a very comfortable year-round climate. The cost of living for one person in the country is $750. Ecuador is geographically diverse with miles of endless beaches, hills and rainforests. Housing is economical with the average rent for one person costing around $ 307 per month.
Coats Rica
Costa Rica is the perfect place to live abroad without depleting (耗尽) your savings. The cost of living is around $893 and rent for one person runs approximately $406 per month. The tropical destination has cost-effective healthcare. The weather is gorgeous, the water is warm and the housing is highly affordable.
Uruguay
The country is exquisite (精美的), offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons. The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the states at $1,090 and you can find a nice apartment at the reasonable price of $ 500 per month.
Panama
Panama could be a good option for anyone to live cheaply. The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U. S. at $1,040 for one person. Rent runs approximately $ 530 per month and food takes up another $353, but outside of that costs are minimal. The country has a mild climate and offers world-class beaches.
1. Which country has economical healthcare
A. Ecuador. B. Costa Rica. C. Uruguay. D. Panama.
2. What makes Uruguay special
A. Its reasonable rent. B. Its good bargains.
C. Its diverse climates. D. Its cheap apartments.
3. How much is the cost of living in the United States
A. Close to $1,090. B. Around $ 750. C. Under $ 893. D. Above $ 2, 080.
Amazing Train Rides
Taking a train in the winter is fun. The mountains turn from green to white, and you can enjoy them on the journey. Now many holiday-themed trains add fun. All aboard!
●Aurora Winter Train: Alaska
This seasonal scenic train that heads north from Anchorage is popular. From the Winter Train you'll see a snow-white Denali, America's tallest peak(山峰)-and with any luck, a trackside moose(驼鹿).You can get off the train after three hours at Talkeetna to ski in Denali or continue on for another nine hours to Fairbanks for some northern lights viewing. There're few better places, as Fairbanks is America's northernmost city.
●The Ski Train, Colorado
The Ski Train is a joyful ride even for non-skiers. The ride connects Denver's 1914 Beaux-Arts station with the Winter Park ski area. One minute you're in downtown Denver's Beaux-Arts Union Station and two hours later you're stepping off the train. 100 feet from a Winter Park ski lift. What a wonderful ride it is!
●Amtrak California Zephyr: Chicago to San Francisco
Long-distance train travelers adore west wind in any season, but winter adds the appeal of sugary snow outside the window as you travel over the Rockies and Sierras. Departing daily all winter from both Chicago and San Francisco, the 51-hour journey offers hotel-level service in a bedroom. Or you can break up the trip with stops to sleep (and ski) in Denver or Salt Lake City.
●Canyon & Christmas trains: Arizona
Snowbirds" who escape the Midwest cold in December by flying to Arizona wish for memories of a Christmas away from the desert. With a short drive from Phoenix to Clarkdale (near Sedona).they'll see small pines and red rock hills while hugging the Verde River on the four-hour Verde Canyon train in indoor and open-air cars.
4. What should you do if you go to Fairbanks from Anchorage to see northern lights
A. Change trains in Denali.
B. Take a 12-hour train ride.
C. Climb over the tallest peak.
D. Travel through a moose farm.
5. On which ride can you enjoy comfortable accommodation
A. Aurora Winter Train.
B. The Ski Train.
C. Amtrak California Zephyr.
D. Canyon & Christmas trains.
6. What is the similarity of the four winter train rides
A. They are all available during the whole year.
B. They are intended for young travel enthusiasts.
C. They offer the passengers good chances of skiing.
D. They provide access to winter scenery on the way.
An extraordinary adventure is in store for you on the first floor of the Eiffel Tower: “Eiffel Tower Effect”. This adventure, brought to you by the Eiffel Tower and designed by start-up Mira, presents new opportunities and invites visitors to take part in a virtual reality adventure charged with emotions, suspense and excitement!
You will form teams of 2 to 4 people fitted with virtual reality headsets(头盔) and be transported to a world aboard a Zeppelin flying around the Eiffel Tower. At the end of this thrilling adventure, if you complete your mission, you'll win a chance to take part in a night flight around the Eiffel Tower.
Experience duration: 12 minutes
Prices for the experience:
Tickets for the “Eiffel Tower Effect” can be bought on site, during your visit, in the Tower's official store located on the first floor!
Standard price (over age 12): ?15
Discount rate for children (aged 8—11) and people with disabilities: ?12
Opening times
Monday to Sunday from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. —Last admission at 7:30 p.m.
Who can play
The experience is recommended for healthy adults and children aged 11 and over (not available to children under age 8). Please note: Because of the technology involved, virtual reality experiences are not recommended for pregnant women, people with heart problems, or people with balance or vision problems.
7. What can we learn about the “Eiffel Tower Effect”
A. It is a virtual reality adventure.
B. It is a night flight around the Eiffel Tower.
C. Visitors should finish a task to experience it.
D. Visitors will experience it on the top of the tower.
8. Who are unfit to participate in the adventure
A. Teenagers with disabilities. B. Women with glasses.
C. Old people in good health. D. People with heart diseases.
9. How much should a mother with her 9-year-old son pay
A. ?15. B. ?24. C. ?27. D. ?30.
Mobile messaging apps offer a superior alternative to email and text messaging and free video calling over Wi-Fi or data plans. Aside from the apps you’re familiar with, some of the best messaging apps for desktop and mobile devices are here.
A mobile text messaging app designed for smartphones and tablets lets you send text messages, make VoIP (Voice over Internet Phone) calls, and share files from your phone or computer. It also lets you share your location, and you can view the other person’s location without leaving the app, thanks to a built-in map.
Snapchat
Different from most mobile communication apps, it can make messages disappear after you send it and it’s viewed. The app developers then delete them from their servers. You can also send messages without pictures and use Snapcash to send and receive money from your phone.
Telegram
A cloud-based messaging service is accessible from all of your devices. Unlike most messaging apps, it allows you to edit and delete messages even after sending them. Additionally, you can send files, and share your location. It also lets you send messages that are automatically deleted after an appointed time.
Silent Phone
This app supports one-on-one video chat, multi-party voice conferencing for up to six participants, etc. Calls and texts between Silent Phone users are encrypted(加密) end-to-end on mobile devices, considered the best for those to handle sensitive data. The built-in Burn feature lets you set an auto-destruct time for messages from one minute to three months for further security.
10. Which app can help you easily find where the other is
A. Snapchat. B. WhatsApp. C. Telegram. D. Silent Phone.
11. What do Telegram and Snapchat have in common
A. Users can send and receive money on their phones.
B. Users can freely delete pictures from the servers.
C. Users can share their locations with each other.
D. Users can feel relieved as their privacy is protected.
12. Who is more likely to use Silent Phone
A. Those who often send messages. B. Those who enjoy having video chats.
C. Those who manage their companies. D. Those who are into encrypted devices.
二、能力提升
Eric Ashby’s fascination with nature began at an early age. His first article; Bird Photography. an Ideal Hobby for Boys, was published when he was just 16 and illustrated with photographs that he’d taken.
His interest in photography had been sparked four years earlier in 1930, when the wildlife photographer Cherry Kearton came to Southsea, Ashby’s hometown, to present a show of his work. The 12-year-old Ashby saw the show and immediately started saving; his pocket money to buy a camera for filming wildlife in the nearby New Forest. But Ashby’s films did not reach the public due to the World War II.
After the war, he and his wife Eileen moved to Badger(獾) Cottage, in the heart of the New Forest. It was here that Ashby perfected the techniques that would make him famous through the new medium of television. His patience and technical knowledge allowed him to film badgers at their holes during daylight —the first time this behavior had ever been captured on camera. In 1961, at the age of 43, Ashby finally got his big break, when the BBC showed his 45-minute film The Unknown Forest. The film had taken four years to make and received a very positive response from viewers. The nature writer Richard Mabey was hugely impressed and remarked that the film “changed the standards for home-grow n wildlife documentaries”.
After the film was shown, he was given the nickname “the silent watcher”. The nickname not only stuck, it became the title of his second film.
In 1963, Ashby made the first British wildlife film in colour, although it took four years before The Major appeared in its full glory, as the BBC did not broadcast in colour until 1967.
He was awarded the Royal Geographical Society’s Cherry Kearton Medal and Award in 1975and in 1992 received an MBE. He died, aged 85, on 6 February 2003, but his legacy lives on.
13. What does the underlined word “sparked” mean in Paragraph 2
A. Revived. B. Inspired. C. Assessed. D. Increased.
14. What might lead to the success of his 1961 film
A. His skills and the new medium TV. B. Animal knowledge and new standards.
C. The positive response from viewers. D. The recommendation from a nature writer.
15. What can be learned from Paragraph5
A. The Major took Ashby 4 years to make.
B. The Major was not broadcast on BBC.
C. The Major was another success for Ashby.
D. The Major was the first color film in the world.
16. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. An Award Winner B. A Silent Watcher
C. The Life of a Badger D. The Story in a Forest
From a young age, children learn that the word “please” holds special power in communication. It is often seen as a key to unlocking favors and turning demands into polite requests. However, recent research challenges this belief, suggesting that “please” may not always carry universal significance but instead functions as a strategic tool to navigate social dynamics.
A study published in Social Psychology Quarterly by UCLA sociologists provides a thorough examination of how people make requests. Contrary to common assumptions, the study reveals that “please” is used far less frequently than expected. Its usage is particularly significant in situations where a negative response is anticipated.
Whether asking for butter at the dinner table or requesting a ride to the airport, individuals often use “please” when they sense reluctance or busyness from the other person. Rather than acting as a blanket expression of politeness, it serves as a tactic to overcome resistance in interpersonal interactions.
Lead researcher Andrew Chalfoun emphasizes understanding each situation rather than relying on shallow, one-size-fits-all rules of etiquette. He warns that overusing “please” can seem pushy or insincere, affecting the desired response. The study analyzed over a thousand requests and found that “please” was used in only 7% of cases, mainly when individuals expected resistance or when the person asked was busy.
Moreover, the findings indicate that children use “please” similarly to adults, often employing it strategically after experiencing previous refusals. This highlights how learned social norms shape linguistic behavior from an early age, influencing personality development.
The researchers hope that their insights into the pragmatic use of politeness will inspire future studies on social behavior. By uncovering the subtleties of everyday interactions, they aim to create more accurate models of human communication, ultimately helping individuals accomplish more effective and meaningful interactions.
17. What does recent research suggest about the usage of the word “please” in communication
A. It is universally recognized as polite.
B. It is primarily a strategic tool for social dynamics.
C. It is always used in formal requests.
D. It is effective regardless of context.
18. According to the research, in which scene is it most likely to use “please”
A. Passing food at a family dinner.
B. Asking a stranger for directions.
C. A friend asking to borrow money from you.
D. Requesting assistance from a busy colleague.
19. How did the researchers analyze the usage of "please"
A. Through interviews with children.
B. By observing social interactions.
C. By studying over a thousand requests.
D. By comparing different languages.
20. Which of the following serves as the best title of the passage
A. The Power of Politeness in Language.
B. Rethinking the Role of “Please” in Requests.
C. The Universal Nature of Politeness.
D. How Children Learn to Use “Please”.
I didn't go to Santiago, Chile to look for friendship. In fact, Chile was not even on my wish list.
A mid-life crisis woman, I got a chance to study abroad. I only wanted to learn about global business, taste South American cuisine, and check “study abroad” off my wish list.
On the fifth day, I joined a group for a neighborhood work project aided by the anti-poverty (扶贫) organization. Our tasks were to build a water tower and paint the community center. Upon arrival, I couldn't believe my eyes. It was like a scene out of a horrible film. That moment redefined poverty for me because I had never seen such terrible living conditions. As advised, I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me.
Just as I was about to start work on painting, a request came through for a few volunteers to help Nadia, a local resident who volunteered to cook for us. I raised my hand to help because I wanted to spend time with the people of the neighborhood despite my shortage of Spanish-speaking skills.
Nadia had a sincere smile but not overly friendly. Even without speaking each other's language, we started to learn about one another. We chatted about our children, our upbringing, shared pictures of our families, struggled to instruct each other to communicate in the other's language, and laughed many times.
After we fed everybody and the dishes were washed, my day was over. But I found myself hesitant to leave. It was as if I had known her for my entire life. I had not predicted the unselfishness of heart I would encounter, and it was moving.
As we were waiting for the car to pick us up, Nadia showed me her plants that were well-maintained. I could see that despite the hard conditions she was passionate about life. She made me long to be a stronger person. She showed me that poverty was external, but happiness was internal. I was seeking to give 100 percent for a well-intentioned cause, but I left receiving 200 percent from her.
21. What was the author's initial purpose of going to Chile
A. To find new friends while traveling.
B. To participate in an anti-poverty project.
C. To fulfill the desire to study abroad.
D. To gain a graduate certificate in business.
22. What did the author do after seeing the living conditions in the neighborhood
A. She decided to relieve the poverty. B. She kept her emotions well hidden.
C. She comforted the shocked volunteers. D. She refused to continue the present task.
23. Why did the author volunteer to work with Nadia
A. She felt very sympathetic toward Nadia.
B. She longed to interact with the local residents.
C. She wanted to improve her Spanish-speaking skills.
D. She preferred cooking to painting the community center.
24. What did the author learn from Nadia
A. True friends are never apart in heart.
B. Happiness is defined by a positive attitude.
C. Language is not a barrier to great connections.
D. Unselfishness is putting others before ourselves.
While Industry 5.0 is believed to have started in 2020, the rise of AI in recent years has led experts to say it is now coming. Imagine AI-powered robots that see, hear, touch and more, pooling fresh data from across those groups of sensors to create that data with the vast ranges of digital data stored elsewhere online. The age is a major leap from the First Industrial Revolution, when steam engine started to achieve widespread commercial use.
Professor John Nosta says, “The integration of sensory capabilities into AI models is not merely a technological leap. It represents a shift in our philosophical understanding of artificial and human intelligence.”
He has also referred to the new era as “the Cognitive (认知) Age,” which will completely change how humans live, work, and think about themselves. According to Nosta, humans don’t typically think of computers as “experiencing” the world themselves. But that assumption will be challenged as more advanced AI systems are hooked up to ever more and ever greater sensors. The machines won’t just be logic boxes that humans input data and commands for processing. The AI will collect that data more and more on its own, experiencing the world for itself.
“This is not just about understanding words, but also about grasping the tone, pitch (音高), and emphasis, which add layers of meaning often absent in written text. Image recognition adds another layer of complexity,” he added. “For example, it can analyze photographs, identify objects, and even understand the emotional content of facial expressions.”
The Johannesburg-based business school is just one of many college-level programs attempting to investigate and teach its students about the still-emerging IR 5.0. Seton Hall in New Jersey offers a three-credit course on this latest age in human technology and trade; MIT has brought in guest speakers to lecture on the concept, and many other research institutions are following suit.
25. Where does IR 5.0 differ from previous industrial revolution
A. It processes data and commands.
B. It interacts with humans through texts.
C. It enhances human sensory capabilities.
D. It employs more senses in its application.
26. Why is IR 5. 0 called the Cognitive age
A. AI collects and interprets data itself.
B. AI turns written texts into voice.
C. AI understands written language well.
D. AI has an ability of expressing emotions
27. How do some colleges address IR 5.0
A. By offering related courses.
B. By expecting more industrial revolution.
C. By applying AI to the technological trade.
D. By preparing for the rapid economic changes.
28. What is the best title for the text
A. Al Is Approaching Us Gradually
B. A New IR Is About Machine Learning
C. AI Has Developed Its Own Senses
D. We Are Entering IR 5.0 Now
三、拓展训练
Have you ever seen one of the many videos of an elephant grabbing a paintbrush, putting it in paint, and producing a painting similar to something a 5-year-old could create While watching an elephant paint is an amazing sight, we can't help but wonder whether the training methods and results reflect animal cruelty.
A 2014 study on four captive (被圈养的) Asian elephants at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia sought to identify stress-related behaviors around the activity of painting. While the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting—not stressful, nor enriching—it seemed that when an elephant was not selected to paint, it displayed non-interactive behavior.
This is seen as a possible signal of stress in the animals.
In addition, PETA, a famous animal rights group, has cited several American zoos that use harmful training methods to get elephants to paint, perform tricks, play instruments, and more. Not every zoo that organizes elephant painting uses aggression (攻击) to encourage the elephants. However, PETA argues that animal shelters should not force animals to do tricks at all.
Activist organizations warn that elephants can undergo extreme discomfort in the training process. Furthermore, many of the painting elephants are very young, at an age where they should still be with their mothers. It raises questions about whether there's a chance that they were caught for the express purpose of performing, or if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild.
It is difficult to support any kind of trained behavior that differs greatly from a wild animal's natural tendencies. The role of a shelter, ideally, is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild teaching them to paint does not seem to align with that target, particularly if it's not a learned behavior that the animal would be willing to do independently.
29. What can be safely concluded from the 2014 study
A. Researchers didn't collect solid evidence.
B. Painting promoted elephants' interaction.
C. Negative effects of painting were confirmed.
D. Elephants made strong responses to painting.
30. What is a concern of activist organizations
A. Complexity of the training process.
B. Purposes of elephants' performance.
C. Daily activities of captive elephants.
D. Potential for elephants' return to nature.
31. What does the underlined phrase "align with" in the last paragraph mean
A. Wander off. B. Set up. C. Consist with. D. Go against.
32. What might be the best title for the text
A. How PETA Helps B. Why People Right Animals
C. Should Elephants Paint D. Should Elephants live in captivity
If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow (棉花糖) test. In this task, kids are given a single treat, such as a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or they can wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead.
Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for the experimenter to come back with two marshmallows.
Wait times in the marshmallow test came to be seen as indicators of self-control. But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms (准则) than self-control A 2022 study by Yanaoka tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. In the United States (with some exceptions), there is no widespread custom of waiting until everyone is served to eat your food. However, in Japan, there is a mealtime custom of waiting until everyone has been served before anyone digs in.
Because of this difference in norms, the researchers assumed that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found. The researchers did a clever follow-up experiment. They found one field where children in the U.S. are accustomed to waiting longer than Japanese children are: Opening presents. In the U.S., gifts are usually given on special occasions, such as birthdays and Christmas. On these occasions, children usually have to wait before they can open their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, Yanaoka expected that if they ran the marshmallow test with Japanese and American kids, but they replaced marshmallows with packaged gifts, then American kids would wait longer to open them. Once again, their assumption was correct. When the potential rewards were packaged gifts instead of food, American children waited 15 minutes on average, and Japanese children waited about four minutes on average.
This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only four minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but then waits almost four times longer to open a gift, can we really say that that child lacks self-control I don't think so.
33. What is the main factor that influences children’s behavior in the experiments
A. Self-control. B. Parental influence.
C. Cultural norms. D. Reward preferences.
34. What did the study find about American children
A. They often receive gifts.
B. They display higher self-control.
C. They prefer gifts to food rewards.
D. They tend to wait longer to open gifts.
35. How did Yanaoka conduct the follow-up experiment
A. By referring to data. B. By making a comparison.
C. By introducing a concept. D. By presenting an argument.
36. What is the author's attitude towards Yanaoka’s study
A. Critical. B. Unclear. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.
It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.
It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.
So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.
37. What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more
A. The improved service. B. The advertising cost.
C. The familiarity principle. D. The law of the market.
38. What can be learned from paragraph 2
A. Our preferences affect our decisions.
B. Familiarity tends to generate disrespect.
C. The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword.
D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actions.
39. What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles
A. Disapproving. B. Tolerant. C. Objective. D. Reserved.
40. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone
B. Spare A Thought For Your Preference
C. Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone
D. Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect
Social media can lead to mental exhaustion (疲惫). And when mentally exhausted, you are more likely to be influenced by a high number of likes on posts—even to the point of clicking on ads for products you don't need or want.
As a professor of advertising, I have studied social media behaviors for years. In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently.
The control group in each study were given no introductory task—we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information.
The group that used the Internet first were the most likely to want to buy the featured product when there were lots of likes or comments, and they also reported using the most mental effort to assess the ad. Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. All of this evaluating leaves them feeling frazzled.
Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea.
By understanding how social media influences them, consumers can be more thoughtful in regulating their use—and hopefully not buy yet another water bottle they don’t need.
41. Why did the author conduct three online studies on Americans aged 18-65
A. To investigate their online habits.
B. To test their reactions to advertisements.
C. To research what kind of advertising is effective.
D. To discover why people suffer great mental stress.
42. What docs paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the study
A. Its purpose. B. Its process.
C. Its finding. D. Its significance.
43. What does the underlined word “frazzled” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Interested. B. Depressed. C. Annoyed. D. Tired.
44. Why does the author mention “your roommate” in paragraph 5
A. To further explain cognitive overload.
B. To stress the importance of relationships.
C. To strongly call on people to eat healthily.
D. To remind people not to rely on mobile phones.
答案以及解析
一、基础练习
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中的 cost-effective health care可知，Costa Rica拥有经济划算的医疗保健服务，故选B项。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据对四个国家的介绍及第四段第一句可知，只有Uruguay拥有不同的四个季节，其他国家的气候都是温和的，故选C项。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，Panama的生活费$1040低于美国的一半，故美国的生活费高于2080美元，故选D项。
4.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Aurora Winter Train Alaska中可知,从安克雷奇到费尔班克斯看北极光需要乘坐12个小时的火车,故B项正确。
5.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Amtrak California Zephyr: Chicago to San Francisco 中可知,你可以在加州清风号上享受到酒店级的住宿，故C项正确，
6.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“The mountains turn from green to white, and you can enjoy them on the journey.”及接下来的介绍可知，这四条火车路线的相似之处是它们都可让人们沿途享受美丽的冬景,故D项正确。
7.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段 “invites visitors to take part in a virtual reality adventure charged with emotions, suspense and excitement”可知，这是虚拟现实的冒险体验。故选A。
8.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据Who can play 部分的“virtual reality experiences are not recommended for pregnant women, people with heart problems, or people with balance or vision problems”可知，孕妇和有心脏病的人都不适合进行这项冒险。故选D。
9.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Prices for the experience部分的内容可知，12岁以上价格是15，8-11岁打折后是12，因此15 +12=27，故选C。
10.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。 根据WhatsApp中“you can view the other person’s location without leaving the app”可知,该应用软件可以帮助你查看他人的位置。 故选B。
11.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据Snapchat中“it can make messages disappear after you send it and it’s viewed”和Telegram中“it allows you to edit and delete messages... that are automatically deleted after an appointed time” 可知,这两款应用软件都能自动删除用户发送的消息, 间接保护了用户的隐私。故选D。
12.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。根据Silent Phone中“multi-party voice conferencing for up to six participants”和“considered the best for those to handle sensitive data”可知,该应用软件适合多人会议和处理敏感数据,因此公司管理者更有可能使用这款软件。故选C。
二、能力提升
13.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段when the wildlife photographer Cherry Kearton came to Southsea，Ashby's home town，to present a show of his work.The 12-year-old Ashby saw the show and immediately started saving his pocket money to buy a camera for filming wildlife in the nearby New Forest.（当时野生动物摄影师Cherry Kearton来到Ashby的家乡Southsea，展示他的作品。12岁的阿什比看到这个节目后，立即开始攒零花钱，买了一台相机，在附近的新森林拍摄野生动物。）可知，他对摄影的兴趣是在哪个时候被激发的，sparked的意思是"激发，启发"。A．Revived复兴；B．Inspired激励；C．Assessed评估；D．Increased增加。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段It was here that Ashby perfected the techniques that would make him famous through the new medium of television.His patience and technical knowledge allowed him to film badgers at their holes during daylight — the first time this behaviour had ever been captured on camera.（正是在这里，Ashby完善了技术，使他通过电视这种新媒体成名。他的耐心和技术知识使他能够在白天拍摄到獾在洞里的行为——这是第一次被相机捕捉到。）可知，导致了他1961年的电影的成功的是独特的场景和新媒体电视。故选A。
15.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段In 1963，Ashby made the first British wildlife film in colour，although it took four years before The Major appeared in its full glory，as the BBC did not broadcast（播放） in colour until 1967.（1963年，Ashby拍摄了英国第一部彩色野生动物电影，尽管The Major花了四年时间才全面上映，因为BBC直到1967年才开始播放彩色电影。）可知，The Major是Ashby的又一次成功。C．The Major was another success for Ashby.（The Major是Ashby的又一次成功。）符合文意，故选C。
16.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。根据第四段In 1961，at the age of 43，Ashby finally got his big break，when the BBC showed his 45-minute film The Unknown Forest.（1961年，43岁的Ashby终于迎来了他的重大突破，BBC播放了他45分钟的电影The Unknown Forest。）和倒数第二段After the film was shown，he was given the nickname "the silent watcher".The nickname not only stuck，it became the title of his second film.（电影上映后，他被称为"沉默的观察者"。这个绰号不仅沿用至今，还成为了他第二部电影的片名。）可知，本文主要讲的是摄影师Eric Ashby的经历和主要成就，他被称为"沉默的观察者"，因此最好的标题是B.A Silent Watcher.（沉默的观察者。）故选B。
17.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章前三段可知,“please”的使用并不是普遍被视为礼貌的，而是一种在社交动态中用来克服抵抗的策略。所以B正确。
18.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容“Individuals often use please when they sense reluctance or busyness from the other person.”可知当个人预期对方会拒绝或对方很忙时，通常会使用“please”。所以D正确
19.答案：C
解析：逻辑推理题。根据文章第四段的内容The study analyzed over a thousand requests.可知研究人员通过分析超过一千个请求来研究“please”的使用情况。所以 C正确。
20.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章探讨了“please”在请求中的作用，并质疑其普遍性，因此，选项 B最能反映文章的主旨。所以B正确。
21.答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。题目问作者去智利的最初目的是什么。A项“为了在旅行时结识新朋友”;B项“为的是参加一个扶贫项目”;C项“为实现出国留学的愿望”;D项“为获得商业研究生证书”。根据第二段第一句“A mid-life crisis woman, I got a chance to study abroad”和该段最后一句中的“check ‘study abroad’ off my wish list”可知,作者去智利的最初目的是实现出国留学的愿望,故选C。
22.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。题目问作者看到街区的生活条件后做了什么。A项“她决定减轻贫困”;B项“她把自己的情绪藏得很好”;C项“她安慰了震惊的志愿者”;D项“她拒绝继续目前的任务”。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句“As advised, I showed no signs of the emotional battle going on inside me”可知,到达社区后,作者简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。这就像一部可怕的电影中的场景。那一刻为作者重新定义了贫困,因为作者从未见过如此可怕的生活条件。正如建议的那样,作者没有表现出内心发生情感斗争的迹象。也就是说作者把自己的情绪很好地掩藏了起来,故选B。
23.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第四段最后一句话“I raised my hand to help... Spanish-speaking skills”可知,作者举手帮忙,因为尽管作者不讲西班牙语,但作者想和街区的人共度时光。也就是说作者主动提出来和Nadia一起工作的原因是她想和当地居民互动,故选B。
24.答案：B
解析：推断。题目问作者从Nadia那里学到了什么。A项“真正的朋友在心里永远不分开”;B项“幸福是由积极的态度来定义的”;C项“语言不是建立良好联系的障碍”;D项“无私就是把别人放在自己之前”。根据最后一段的“She showed me that poverty was external...200 percent from her”可知,她向作者展示了贫穷是外在的,但幸福是内在的。作者试图为一个善意的事业付出100%,但从她那里得到了200%的回报。由此推断出,作者从Nadia那里得知幸福是内在的,是由积极的态度带来的,故选B。
25.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Imagine AI-powered robots that see, hear, touch and more, pooling fresh data from across those groups of sensors to create that data with the vast ranges of digital data stored elsewhere online.(想象一下，人工智能机器人可以看到、听到、触摸等等，从这些传感器组中收集新数据，并与存储在网上其他地方的大量数字数据一起创建这些数据)”和第二段的“The integration of sensory capabilities into AI models is not merely a technological leap. It represents a shift in our philosophical understanding of artificial and human intelligence.(将感官能力整合到人工智能模型中不仅仅是技术上的飞跃。它代表了我们对人工智能和人类智能的哲学理解的转变)”可知，第五次工业革命中在应用中使用了更多的感官。故选D。
26.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“The machines won’t just be logic boxes that humans input data and commands for processing. The AI will collect that data more and more on its own, experiencing the world for itself.(这些机器将不仅仅是人类输入数据和命令进行处理的逻辑盒子。人工智能将越来越多地自己收集数据，自己体验这个世界)”可知，第五次工业革命被称之为认知时代，因为人工智能能够从自己的传感器获取数据，感知世界。故选A。
27.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Johannesburg-based business school is just one of many college-level programs attempting to investigate and teach its students about the still-emerging IR 5.0. Seton Hall in New Jersey offers a three-credit course on this latest age in human technology and trade; MIT has brought in guest speakers to lecture on the concept, and many other research institutions are following suit.(这所位于约翰内斯堡的商学院只是许多大学级别课程中的一所，这些课程试图调查和教授学生有关仍在出现的工业革命5.0的知识。新泽西州的西顿霍尔开设了一门三学分的课程，内容涉及人类技术和贸易的最新时代；麻省理工学院已经邀请了客座演讲者就这一概念进行演讲，许多其他研究机构也在效仿)”可知，多所大学提供了关于第五次工业革命的课程和讲座等。故选A。
28.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“While Industry 5.0 is believed to have started in 2020, the rise of AI in recent years has led experts to say it is now coming.(虽然工业5.0被认为是在2020年开始的，但近年来人工智能的崛起让专家们表示，它现在正在到来)”结合本文主要介绍了随着人工智能技术的迅速发展，人类已迈入第五次工业革命（IR 5.0），这一新时代标志着人与AI之间更深层次的合作。不同于以往以文本命令为主的交互方式，新的工业革命将实现AI能通过视觉、听觉等多种形式收集、整合信息，并结合网络上庞大的数据进行深度理解，预示着一个被称作“认知时代”的新纪元。因此D选项“我们正在进入工业革命5.0”最符合文章标题。故选D。
三、拓展训练
29.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息明题意：本题问"从2014年的研究中 可以得出什么可靠的结论？"→寻线索：根据第二段中的"A 2014 study on four ... the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting"可知，研究人员想发现与绘画活 动有关的与压力相关的行为，但发现大象对绘画的反应是无倾 向性的→定答案：由此可知，研究人员在2014年的研究中并 没有得到可靠的证据来证明大象的绘画活动与压力相关的行 为有关，故选A。文中的neutral是解题的关键，意为"无倾向 性的，中立的"。
30.答案：D
解析：理解具体信息根据第四段的内容，尤其是"if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild"可知，积极分子 组织关注的是大象回归自然的可能性，故选D。
31.答案：C
解析：理解词汇 最后一段中的"The role of a shelter... perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild"指的是收 容所的目标是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活或者也许是为了 让动物回归野外，而教它们画画似乎与这个目标不一致，由此 可知，画线词组意为"一致"，故选C。wander off"漫步"；set up"搭建";consist with"符合,与……一致"；go against"违背"。
32.答案：C
解析：理解文章主旨要义文章第一段通过大象画画介绍了 训练动物的方法和结果，从而引出对动物的虐待这一话题，后 文围绕这一话题展开讨论，故选项C最适合作文章标题。
33.答案：C
解析：细节理解题 根据文章第二段和第三段的描述，Yanaoka 的研究表明文化准则是影响孩 子行为的主要因素。美国和日本的孩子在棉花糖实验中的等待时间差异，以及在礼物实验中 的等待时间差异，都可以归因于他们不同的文化准则。因此，选项C最符合。
34.答案：D
解析：推理判断题 根据文章第四段的描述，Yanaoka 的研究发现，当将潜在奖励从食物改 为礼物时，美国孩子平均等待 15 分钟才打开礼物，而日本孩子平均只等待大约 4 分钟。“When the potential rewards were packaged gifts instead of food, American children waited 15 minutes on average, and Japanese children waited about four minutes on average.”因此，选项 D 最符合。
35.答案：B
解析：推理判断题 这道题目询问Yanaoka 如何进行后续实验，需要从文章中找出相关信息 来回答问题。文章中提到，Yanaoka 通过比较美国和日本孩子在棉花糖实验和礼物实验中的 等待时间，来进行后续实验证明他们的假设。因此正确答案为 B 通过进行比较最符合。
36.答案：D
解析：观点态度题 根据最后一段的描述，作者认为这个研究强有力地证明了文化和习惯对 行为的塑造的重要性，并质疑了是否可以单纯地将孩子的行为归因于缺乏自控能力。因此， 可以说作者对 Yanaoka 的研究持赞同态度。因此，选 D 最符合。
37.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we've got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。
38.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做得并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。
39.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。
40.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone”最能概括文章的主题，即鼓励读者在保持熟悉感的同时，逐渐扩展自己的舒适区。故选C。
41.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently. (2022年底，我和同事埃里克·海利对18-65岁的美国人进行了三项在线研究，以测试不同心理负荷下的人对广告的不同反应。)”可知，作者对18-65岁的美国人进行三项在线研究是为了测试他们对广告的反应。故选B。
42.答案：B
解析：段落大意题。通读第三段“The control group in each study were given no introductory task we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information. (在每项研究中，控制组都没有得到任何介绍任务—我们只是让他们看一个广告。第二组被要求记住一个九位数，然后看广告。第三组在网上浏览了30秒，然后看了广告。参与者随机看到一个有几百个赞或上万个赞的广告。在看完广告后，每个参与者都对他们购买该产品的意愿进行了评估，以及他们花了多少精力来思考这些信息。)”可知，本段主要介绍了此次研究的过程。故选B。
43.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. (研究人员将这种精神疲惫的状态称为“认知超载”。使用社交媒体让他们处于这种状态，因为他们不断地评估来自不同人的不同类型的文本、照片和视频帖子。在几秒钟内，他们可以看到丈夫或妻子的短信、同事的照片、名人的视频和兄弟的表情符号。)”可推断，所有这些评估让他们感到疲惫，划线词的含义为“疲惫的”。A. Interested感兴趣的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Annoyed烦恼的；D. Tired累的。故选D。
44.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea. (想象一下，你问你的室友想不想去吃披萨。在正常情况下，室友可能会考虑几个因素，比如费用、饥饿、时间或他们的日程安排。现在想象一下，当你的室友和生病的亲戚打电话时，你问他们同样的问题。他们不再有精力去逻辑地考虑晚餐吃披萨是否是个好主意。)”可推断，作者提及“你的室友”是为了进一步解释认知超载。故选A。