2025届高考英语二轮复习 专题十二 定语从句（含解析）

专题十二 定语从句
一、基础练习
1. I'm curious about the person with _______ Mr. Smith is talking.
2. Can you explain the reasons ________ you are always late for online class
3. The south of the country ________ most of the people live has been worst affected by the drought.
4. Finally, the thief handed over everything ______ he had stolen to the police.
5. The theory ______ he sticks to proves to be of no use in his new work.
6. We have entered an age_______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
7. I hope to find a friend with _______ I can travel to the south during the vacation.
8. The global population reached 8 billion in November 2022, ______ marked a milestone in human history.
9. In life people make many decisions, some of _______ are so important that they affect us greatly.
10. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, ______ he will be free.
11. She introduced me to her husband, ______ I hadn't met before.
12. Laura couldn't come to our party, ______ was a pity.
13. Li Jiaqi, ______ was China's top online sales host, questioned whether people had worked hard enough to get a pay rise.
14. The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of ______ are in a critical condition.
15. First of all, I'm very grateful to my teacher, Mrs Chopra, ______ trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here.
二、能力提升
16. China is widely known for its ancient civilization ______ has continued all the way through into modern times.
17. My favourite film is Modern Times and my favourite scene is in the factory______ Charlie Chaplin is working on a production line.
18. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country ______ the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
19. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
20. Tiger sharks like to live in waters ______ humans usually swim, so the chances of an encounter are much greater.
21. It is a challenging job______ you need to closely cooperate with the other team members.
22. My two brothers and I were coming back from the islands ______ we often risked going and got more fish than others.
23. The school has created an atmosphere ______ we can develop our own interests freely, can help us develop ourselves all round.
24. Please come back at four o'clock, ______ your herbal medicine will be ready.
25. The statues fill only one part of the emperor's hug tomb. ______ still has not been completely unearthed.
26. ______ the saying goes, "Do in Rome as the Romans do." So it's wise to follow the local customs in a foreign country.
27. Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, ______ has been predicted, is fruitful.
28. The Students' Union is like a huge stage, ______ everyone spares no effort to achieve their dreams.
29. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made all the others upset.
30. The Amazon River, from ______ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres long.
三、拓展训练
31.
I walk into Prince's Hot Chicken, and order hot fried chicken legs. “Oh, enjoy it,” says the hostess. Her reply is a commonly ①_____ (hear) Southern expression.
My chicken arrives and is too hot ②_____ (touch), but I don't care about it. As I take a bite, the taste hits my mouth. It's ③_____ (horrible) spicy. There's sweetness before the heat hits. The taste is surprisingly amazing, as the spices dance inside my mouth. Although I'm sweating (出汗), I can't stop ④_____ (eat).
How does a dish so challengingly hot become well-received Like so many Southern foods, fried chicken has a long history. Hot chicken first appeared in the 1930s, when a man ⑤_____ is named James Thornton Prince ⑥_____ (begin) serving it at his BBQ Chicken Shack.
After a few years, ⑦_____ restaurant moved close to the Ryman Auditorium, where it became popular ⑧_____ the city's country music stars. In the following years, Prince relocated his restaurant several times around the city, eventually changing ⑨_____ (it) name to Prince's Hot Chicken in 1980, when André Prince Jeffries, his great-niece (侄女), took over.
These days, you'll find hot chicken all over the city. I feel at home with the ⑩_____ (taste) food as it is a symbol of the city's culture.
32.
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years①_________ (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long②_________ (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of③_________ (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it④_________ (be) more effective at lengthening life⑤_________walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ⑥_________showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all⑦_________ (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to⑧_________ (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always⑨_________ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give⑩_________a try.
33.
Meet Sora—OpenAI's new text-to-video generator. ①_______(design) to simplify video production, the tool uses generative artificial intelligence to instantly create short videos based on written commands.
Since the announcement, a handful of examples of Sora- generated videos ②_______ (share) to show off what it can do. The company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in ③_______ (long) from text instructions, with ④_______ (it) ability to serve up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. The model understands not only what the user has asked for, ⑤_______ how those things exist in the physical world.
OpenAI said it intends to train the AI models so it can help people solve problems ⑥_______ require real- world interaction. At the same time, OpenAI said Sora is still a work ⑦_______ clear weaknesses like mixing up left and right. Though the models are limited, it shows the direction of the market.
For now, OpenAI's messaging remains focused on safety. The company said it plans to work with a team of experts to test the latest model and have an even ⑧_______ (close) look at various areas. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers ⑨_______ (collect) feedback on how creative ⑩_______ (professional) could use it.
答案以及解析
一、基础练习
1.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我对正在和史密斯先生谈话的那个人很好奇。the person为先行词，指人，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作with的宾语，只能用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。
2.答案：why
解析：考查定语从句。句意：你能解释一下你上网络课总是迟到的原因吗？设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
3.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：该国大部分人居住的南部地区受干旱影响最严重。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The south of the country，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在该国南部地区”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
4.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：最后，小偷把偷来的所有东西都交给了警察。定语从句修饰先行词everything，先行词在从句中作宾语，为不定代词，只能用that引导。故填that。
5.答案：that/which
解析：句意为：他坚持的理论被证明在他的新工作中毫无用处。设空处引导定语从句并且在从句中作宾语，故应填关系代词。先行词 The theory 指物，故关系代词用that/which。
6.答案：when
解析：句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知。空处引导定语从句，先行词为an age，空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。
7.答案：whom
解析：分析句子结构可知，"with______"在此处引导定语从句，先行词为a friend，指人，且空处作with 的宾语，故用whom。
8.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：全球总人口截至2022年11月已经达到80亿，这标志着人类历史进入了一个里程碑式的新阶段。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，关系代词which指代前面整个主句内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
9.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在人生中，人们会做出很多选择，一些选择是如此重要以至于它们会对我们造成很大的影响。此处引导定语从句，先行词为decisions，指物，定语从句中缺少介词of后的宾语，故应用关系代词which，此处some of which充当定语从句的主语，故填which。
10.答案：when
解析：先行词May 1st在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填：when。
11.答案：whom　
解析：分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是her husband，指人，在从句中作动词meet的宾语，故用关系代词whom，故填whom。
12.答案：which
解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子，which在句中作主语。
13.答案：who
解析：本题考查的是定语从句的关系代词。先行词是“Li Jiaqi”指人，且关系代词在从句中做主语，因此关系代词用who。故答案为who。
14.答案：whom
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：大火还造成数十人受伤，其中5人伤势严重。句子分析可知“5 of ___ are in a critical condition”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dozens of people injured，指人，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom。故填whom。
15.答案：who
解析：考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。设空处无提示词，且前面有逗号，逗号前面是完整的一句话，trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here中缺少主语，故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句，结合语境可知，“信任我并给我在这里发表演讲的机会”的人是Mrs Chopra，所以该非限制性定语从句的先行词即为Mrs Chopra，故此处应用引导词who。句意：首先，我非常感谢我的老师，Mrs Chopra，她信任我并给我在这里发表演讲的机会。
二、能力提升
16.答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词its ancient civilization，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。
17.答案：where
解析：句意为：我最喜欢的电影是《摩登时代》，我最喜欢的场景是在工厂里，查理 卓别林在生产线上工作。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the factory，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用 where 引导该从句。故填 where。
18.答案：where
解析：句意为：秦始皇将七个主要国家合并为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 one unified country，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该从句。
19.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。此处是定语从句，先行词是The little problems ，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词又被 little修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
20.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：虎鲨喜欢生活在人类通常游泳的水域，因此彼此偶遇的几率要大得多。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是waters，是具体地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
21.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是一项具有挑战性的工作，你需要与其他团队成员密切合作。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a challenging job，表抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
22.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我的两个兄弟和我从岛上回来，我们经常冒险去那里，比别人弄到更多的鱼。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the islands，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
23.答案：where which
解析：考查定语从句引导词。句意：学校为我们创造了一个可以自由发展自己兴趣的氛围，这可以帮助我们全面发展自己。分析句子可知，第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an atmosphere，先行词指抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，关系词在从句中主语，使用关系代词which引导从句。故填①where；②which。
24.答案：when
解析：设空处在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，应用引导词when。
25.答案：which
解析：句意为：这些雕像只占了这位皇帝巨大陵墓的一部分，这座陵墓至今仍未完全出土。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为tomb，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。
26.答案：As
解析：考查关系代词。句意：俗话说，“入乡随俗”，因此在国外遵循当地风俗是明智的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“正如”，因此要用As。 as the saying goes...意为“俗话说/常言道……”。
27.答案：as
解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如预测的那样，采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如……”，应使用关系代词as。故填as。
28.答案：where/on which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：学生会就像一个大平台，在这个平台上每个人都不遗余力实现他们的梦想。分析句子结构，本句为复合句，从句是一个非限制性定语从句。因先行词stage 在定语从句中做地点状语，使用关系副词或者介词+which引导定语从句，故填where/on which。
29.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：玛丽对杰克比对其他人要友好得多，这当然使其他所有人都不高兴。分析句子结构可知，此处涉及非限制性定语从句，设空处应用关系代词which，修饰逗号前的整个主句“玛丽对杰克比对其他人要友好得多”，可译为“这一点”，在从句中作主语。故填which。
30.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚马孙河因雨林而得名，近6400公里长。先行词是The Amazon River，在定语从句中做介词的宾语，介词后用which指代物。故填which。
三、拓展训练
答案：heard；to touch；horribly；eating；that/who；began；the；with/among；its；tasty
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：她的回答是南方人常用的表达方式。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰expression，expression和hear为被动关系，所以为过去分词作定语，意为“被听到的表达方式”。故填heard。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：我的鸡肉上桌了，太烫了，不能碰，但我不在乎。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语too...to...“太……而不能……”，满足句意要求。故填to touch。
③考查副词。句意：它太辣了。此处修饰形容词spicy，英语副词horribly，作状语修饰。故填horribly。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然我在出汗，但我还是停不下来。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语stop doing sth."停止正在做的某事"，动名词作宾语。故填eating。
⑤考查定语从句。句意：炸鸡最早出现在20世纪30年代，当时一个名叫詹姆斯 桑顿.普林斯(James Thornton Prince)的人开始在他的BBQ chicken Shack餐厅供应炸鸡。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是a man，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that或who。
⑥考查动词时态。句意：炸鸡最早出现在20世纪30年代，当时一个名叫詹姆斯 桑顿.普林斯(James Thornton Prince)的人开始在他的BBQ chicken Shack餐厅供应炸鸡。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句时间状语in the 1930s可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填began。
⑦考查冠词。句意：几年后，这家餐厅搬到了莱曼礼堂附近，在那里它受到了城市乡村音乐明星的欢迎。分析句子可知，此处特指前文提到的BBQ chic ken Shack餐厅，应用定冠词the。故填the。
⑧考查介词。句意：几年后，这家餐厅搬到了莱曼礼堂附近，在那里它受到了城市乡村音乐明星的欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be popular with/among"受……欢迎"，所以此处为介词with/among的填入。故填with或among。
⑨考查代词。句意：在接下来的几年里，普林斯将他的餐厅在城市里搬了几次，最终在1980年更名为“王子炸鸡”，当时他的侄孙女安德鲁 普林斯 杰弗里斯接手了他的餐厅。由空后name为名词可知，此处应为形容词性物主代词形式。故填its。
⑩考查形容词。句意：美味的食物让我感觉很自在，因为它是这座城市文化的象征。此处修饰名词food，应用形容词tasty“美味的”，作定语。故填tasty。
32.答案：①longer ②to see ③dying ④is ⑤than ⑥that \which ⑦causes ⑧strengthen ⑨energetic ⑩it
解析：①考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
②考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
③考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
④考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
⑤考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。
⑥考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
⑦考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。
⑧考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
⑨考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it's可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
⑩考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it。
33.答案：①Designed ②have been shared ③length ④its ⑤but ⑥which/that ⑦with ⑧closer ⑨to collect ⑩professionals
解析：这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了视频生成器Sora的相关信息。
①考查非谓语动词。句意：为了简化视频制作，该工具使用生成式人工智能根据书面命令即时创建短视频。空处为非谓语动词，the tool与design为被动关系，此处为过去分词短语作状语，表示被动和完成。首字大写。故填Designed。
②考查动词时态和语态。句意：自公布以来，已经分享了一些Sora生成的视频示例，以展示其功能。根据“Since the announcement”可知，使用现在完成时，主语Sora-generated videos和share为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，谓语为复数。故填have been shared。
③考查名词。句意：公司表示，Sora能够根据文字指令生成长达60秒的视频。in length为固定搭配，意为“在长度上”。故填length。
④考查形容词性物主代词。句意：具备提供多角色、特定类型动作和详细背景细节场景的能力。此处修饰名词ability，需用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
⑤考查连词。句意：该模型不仅理解用户的需求，还了解这些需求在现实世界中的存在方式。not only...but (also)...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：OpenAI表示，它打算训练人工智能模型来帮助人们解决需要现实世界互动的问题。空处引导定语从句，先行词problems，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
⑦考查介词。句意：同时，OpenAI表示Sora仍在开发中，存在明显的弱点，比如混淆左右。with clear weaknesses是固定搭配，表示“有明显的弱点”。故填with。
⑧考查形容词比较级。句意：公司表示计划与一个专家团队合作，对最新型号进行测试，并密切关注各个领域。修饰名词look，用形容词。根据句意和even可知，空处填比较级closer。故填closer。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人提供访问权限，以收集关于创意专业人士如何使用它的反馈。此处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to collect。
⑩考查名词复数。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人提供访问权限，以收集关于创意专业人士如何使用它的反馈。此处使用名词professional“专业人员”，结合句意可知，专业人员不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作从句主语。故填professionals。