2025届高考英语二轮复习 专题十八 语法填空（含解析）
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专题十八 语法填空
一、基础练习
1.
In the distant past, friends relied on each other for their ①_______ (survive).They hunted together and defended each other against animals and enemies in the ②_______ (disaster) experiences. In those days, if you didn’t have a friend, you would end up either starving, ③_______ (eat) or killed.
Nowadays, friendship isn’t exactly a matter of life and death. However, friendship is still of great importance and not ④_______ (have) a friend is something to be concerned about. Most people look upon a friend as someone they can depend on when ⑤_______ (face) with trouble. In these hard times, friends provide them with emotional support and sometimes financial help. It is in these hard times ⑥_______ they find out who their true friends are. ⑦_______ the old saying goes, in times of success, friends will be plenty; in times of ⑧_______ (suffer), not one in twenty. And there is another saying that says you can hardly make a friend in a year, but you can easily upset one in ⑨_______ hour. So do your best to get along with and be grateful to all those who are willing to support you in the cases ⑩_______ put you in trouble.
2.
This is the first cross-provincial ecological restoration project in China, ① design that is truly paving the way for the future. Green ecology and harmony is the theme and the end result is② （absolute）amazing.
③ （design）by the Tus-Design Group Co. , Ltd, this incredible shoreline linkage project uses the wetlands as part of the design. The Yangtze River is integrated ④ the design as well. The project's aim is to restore and improve the shoreline, creating a home for native plants, wildlife and people who want to come here and enjoy the natural ⑤ （beautiful）.
Additionally, this design honors the water culture of the Yangtze River. The project was created so as not to disturb the natural patterns of the fish and provide a place for native plants⑥ （grow）healthily.
Moreover, there's a hidden flood control walkway, which combines the shoreline with plants, terrain（地形）and the⑦ （exist）surroundings. The walkway is hidden within the environment, which creates an even⑧ （dynamic）experience while walking.
Meanwhile, the walking path ⑨ （surround）by native grasses and plants with beautiful views all around. Ecological pavement leads past watery areas that are perfect for picnicking. There are public spaces everywhere, all of ⑩ honor nature.
3.
Wandering in the forest with sweet melodies of wild birds, tourists might feel they are in a fairy tale world. ①_____(actual), they are picking wild mushrooms in Yunnan Province. Tired of visiting ②____(crowd) scenic spots during holidays, many people instead choose mushroom picking ③_____(refresh) themselves.
Xu Yaowei is in charge of a mushroom picking project on the app “Youyunnan”. “There are two types of tour routes. The first ④_____(design) for tourists from outside the province. Their expectation is a mushroom hunting experience ⑤_____(focus) on easily finding mushrooms,” Xu said. “The second route is for local and high-end customers, which includes a mushroom hunting experience, picking wild tea, ⑥_____ visiting a local wild mushroom market as well.”
By the end of August, the project conducted nearly 40 one-day wild mushroom collection tours, serving nearly 800 tourists, more than 95 percent of ⑦_____ are from outside the province. Most of them are college ⑧_____(graduate) and parents with children.
A tourist who paid a special one-day visit ⑨_____ Yunnan from Sichuan Province said, “My child loves mushrooms and we want to give him a chance to experience the wonders of nature and provide ⑩_____ educational experience.”
4.
Chinese Loong is the fifth animal of the 12-year Chinese zodiac cycle, ① (consider) to be mythical and symbolic of fortune. Recently, sales of things with dragon elements have witnessed explosive growth on e-commerce platforms.
Data from an e-commerce platform show that searches ② dragon-related goods via its online marketplace have reached 23 million. ③ is said that since January, goods with dragon-themed elements, such as daily necessities, alcohol and gold jewelry, ④ (prefer) by consumers. The purchasing excitement is expected to ⑤ (huge) boost consumer confidence and improve the recovery of consumption.
Purchases by the post-1990s and post-2000s generations accounted for nearly 55%, while consumers in Guangdong province, Beijing, Jiangsu province in that order, ⑥ (be) the top three spenders on dragon-featured items. Because the dragon is an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture ⑦ good luck, Chinese consumers are expressing their hopes for ⑧ better life in the new year.
“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative ⑨ (product),” a research fellow said, ⑩ (stress) that Spring Festival is the traditional festival Chinese people attach the most importance to, and it’s also a peak season for consumption.
二、能力提升
5.
Confucius was a famous teacher, politician and philosopher(哲学家) who lived in China over 2,600 years ago. Today, he is considered to be one of the world's ①________(great) teachers.
Historians believe that Confucius ②________(bear) in 551 BCE during China's“ Spring and Autumn Period”(771—476 BCE). During this period, many rulers were fighting across the country. Because of all the fighting, life was difficult for the poor. They worked hard for their rulers and received little money ③________ return.
As Confucius grew up, his favorite thing ④________ ( do) was learning. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. ⑤________ ( eventual), wealthy families noticed how smart he was ⑥________ offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops.
Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. For ⑦________ rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self- discipline(自律) and the ⑧________ (important) of education. He even opened China's first school in ⑨________ he taught both the poor and the wealthy as equals.
In 479 BCE, Confucius died at the age of 72. His loyal students continued to travel around China long after his death, teaching all ⑩________ (class) of people.
6.
To mark 30 years of China’s manned space program, a grand exhibition① _________ (hold) at the National Museum in Beijing in February 24, 2023.
The exhibition featured models of China’s newly ② _________ (complete) space station, its famous Long March earner rockets, future models for China’s lunar missions and historical memorabilia to tell the story of three decades of ③ _________ (innovate) and development.
“We hope the exhibition will pass our passion for the cause to more people. And now in the new era, Chinese people will explore even ④ _________ (far) and contribute to all humankind with our quest,” said Hao Chun, director of China Manned Space Agency, at the opening ceremony of the exhibition.
He added that the Chinese people had consistently worked ⑤ _________ (achieve) new advances and breakthroughs in space exploration since 1992 when the program started. “And in recent years we have worked to build the China Space Station, ⑥ _________ (turn) our previous China’s ‘three-step’ dream into a reality,” he said. China’s next-generation carrier rocket has a thrust of over 2,600 tonnes, three ⑦ _________ (time) more than the Long March-5B carrier rocket, according to Zhang Zhi, the chief designer of the vehicle from China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.
The Long March-5B is⑧ _________ (current) the most powerful heavy-lift launch vehicle in China, ⑨ _________ is responsible for transporting the core module and two lab modules for China’s space station. “The academy is also developing a reusable rocket for low-Earth orbit transportation,” Zhang added.⑩ _________ exhibition ran for three months in total.
7.
Chinese culture is becoming more popular in young Namibians as they are pursuing the Chinese language. Rena Stephanus, ① communication graduate, enrolled in (参加) a Chinese language course at the Confucius Institute at the University of Namibia this year.
“Chinese is one of the most widely ② (speak) languages in the world. Wherever you are in the world, you will be exposed to the language one way ③ another. My curiosity about China and ④ (it) people motivated me to enroll,” she ⑤ (say) last Wednesday. Stephanus believed that the Chinese language is essential for her ⑥ (communicate). “The removing of communication barriers is the primary reason ⑦ I enrolled for Chinese.”
Although a ⑧ (begin) in the course, Stephanus has seen her interest grow in China’s history and the Chinese culture.
According to Stephanus, Chinese art, music and literature have now become an ⑨ (importance) part of her life. “The ⑩ (cultural) rich country has so much to be explored and the exposure to the language gradually improves my basic understanding of China and its people,” Stephanus said.
8.
Major Heat is the ①_______(twelve) solar term in the 24 solar terms and the last solar term of summer. “Heat” means hot, and “Major Heat” means extreme heat. Major Heat is a solar term of the year with the strongest sunshine and highest temperature and is a time of intense heat, frequent ②_______ (thunderstorm), and abundant rainfall.
Major Heat is around the middle in the “dog days”. It is the most violent and hottest solar term of the year, and the “moist and hot cross-steaming” also ③_______ (reach) its peak at this time. Major Heat is the season ④_______ rainstorms and high temperatures are alternatively taking place in most parts of the country. Below are some customs during this season.
Fu Jiang originated ⑤_______ Shanxi, Henan and other places in China. During the dog days, people will slice ginger and stir it together with brown sugar, put it in a container, ⑥_______ cover it with gauze (纱布) to dry in the sun. This ⑦_______ (full) integrated product has a warm healthcare effect in cold seasons.
Fu tea, as the name suggests, is conventionally the tea ⑧_______ (drink) in the dog days. It is usually served free for passers-by from the beginning of June to the end of August. This kind of tea ⑨_______ (make) of more than ten kinds of Chinese herbs such as honeysuckle, prunella, and licorice, all of ⑩_______ have the effects of cooling down and dispelling summer heat.
三、拓展训练
9.
9.San Francisco, Mar 2, 2024 (SFStandard) --- Multiple night markets are set to take place across San Francisco this year, ①________ (base) on the success of last year’s events.
The Chinatown night market will return first. Starting from March 8, it is scheduled for every second Friday of the month till November. The event organized by BeChinatown, ②________ nonprofit organization, will offer traditional Chinese foods along with activities.
Another major night market, the Sunset Night Market with ③________ (invite) performances, is expected to return in June, according to Joel Engardio, who ④________ (lead) last year’s highly successful event. Engardio said the city is in the process of selecting vendors (摊贩) ⑤________ (host) the night market, and he’s expecting more night market events throughout the second half of the year, ⑥________ (possible) on Irving and Noriega streets. “We want to focus on food,” Engardio said. “We want the participants to have the experience just like ⑦________ you go to the night market in Bangkok.”
The Indian-themed dance party, the Bhangra and Beats Night Market-also a hit last year with over 10,000 participants --- will come back on May 10. The event, part of an effort to breathe life ⑧________ the downtown area, will provide a space where family-friendly activities, food and music can be enjoyed.
“Night markets are an opportunity to show San Francisco to the region and welcome new visitors,” the Mayor’s Office said in a statement. “These investments are crucial to celebrate the ⑨________ (diverse) of the city while contributing to our ⑩________ (economy) vitality.”
10.
Even with trickling rain, Paris has delivered on its promise of raising the curtain on the 2024 Olympics ①________ its uniquely romantic manner.
Not the traditional way, not the safest way, ②________ certainly the most Parisian way—the French capital wowed the world by turning the picturesque central section of the River Seine into a giant open-air theater. Eighty-five boats ③________ (carry) athletes from 205 countries sailed into the Olympic spotlight, cheered on by people watching from both banks of the river, and from balconies and windows.
For the first time in the history of modern Olympics, the Games’ opening ceremony ④________ (move) out of a stadium and took place in the heart of the host city, making the celebrations and artistic performances ⑤________ (access) to many more people ⑥________ the traditional stadium crowd.
The bold innovation, overcoming numerous challenges, ⑦________ (success) took shape on the world’s biggest stage, ⑧________ world-famous singers such as Lady Gaga and Celine Dion performed to rouse reactions from spectators, echoing Paris 2024’s official slogan “Games Wide Open”.
Beginning from the Austerlitz Bridge, the parade of athletes, sailed along the Seine, passing numerous monuments on both banks and 12 artistic tableaux(舞台场景) ⑨________ (set) in the water and on land, as if the Olympians were revisiting the country’s rich history and cultural heritage.
French President Emmanuel Macron then declared the opening of the Games, kicking off ⑩________ spectacular light show featuring laser beams shot from the Eiffel Tower that illuminated the Parisian night.
11.
In ancient times, all roads ①_______(lead) from the outside to Sichuan were referred to as the Shu Path, including those from Shaanxi and Gansu.
Surrounded by mountains, Sichuan, called Shu in ancient times, was known for its inaccessibility. That became widely known partly due to a line from Chinese poet Li Bai, ②_______ reads “Traveling on the Shu Path is as difficult as climbing to heaven”. The most famous section of the Shu Path is about 600 kilometers long. It starts at Chengdu, and then passes Deyang and Guangyuan in Sichuan before ending in Hanzhong in Shaanxi. The ③_______ (construct) of the section started around 316 BC. It was on such ④_______ (danger) mountains that Li Bai was inspired ⑤_______ (mention) it.
When builders approached the Mingyue Gorge in Guangyuan, they found ⑥_______ impossible to continue because of high cliffs (悬崖). So they dug three levels of holes in the rock, and put in wooden beams. The upper beams were ⑦_______ (complete) covered by planks (木板) to form a road for people to walk on. The plank road ⑧_______ (rebuild) many times during wars. Now part of it has been restored to allow visitors to admire the man-made wonder.
The Sword Gate Pass, a towering V-shaped mountain pass—the one that gave rise ⑨_______ a household idiom, “One man at the pass keeps 10,000 men at bay”—witnessed countless battles during the Three Kingdoms and ⑩_______ (be) a tourist attraction now in the Guangyuan section of the Shu Path.
12.
Wing Chun is a southern Chinese kung fu style descends from Shaolin Kung Fu. It has the distinction of having been founded by two women, Ng Mui and Yim Wing-chun.
The Wing Chun style is known for placing① _________ (emphasize) on technique rather than strength. This style also calls for practitioners to stay relaxed while② _________ (fight), allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility. This relaxed flexibility gives Wing Chun fighter③ _________ special kind of strength that allows them to bend, not break, just like bamboo.
Legend has it that Wing Chun founder Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple④ _________ it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers. Surviving the attack, she escaped⑤ _________ the border area between Yunnan and Sichuan. There she met a young woman⑥ _________ (name)Yim Wing-chun, who⑦ _________ (final) became one of her top students. She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, known as Wing Chun now. This new martial art⑧ _________ (spread) and grown into different branches over the past two hundred years.
Ip Man, featured in the eponymous (同名的) hit films, ⑨ _________ (be) a notable practitioner of Wing Chun style martial arts. He also taught the Wing Chun style to his student, Bruce Lee, who would go on to act in the beloved Hong Kong kung fu movies⑩ _________ helped make Chinese martial arts famous around the world.
答案以及解析
一、基础练习
1.答案：①survival②disastrous③being eaten④having⑤faced⑥that⑦As⑧suffering⑨an⑩that/which
解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了朋友的重要性。
①考查名词。句意:在遥远的过去，朋友们依靠彼此生存。此处应用survive的名词形式survival“生存”，不可数，作介词for的宾语。故填survival。
②考查形容词。句意:他们一起打猎，在灾难性的经历中互相保护，抵御动物和敌人。此处应用形容词disastrous“灾难性的”，修饰名词experiences，作前置定语。故填disastrous。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:在那些日子里，如果你没有朋友，你要么挨饿，要么被吃掉，要么被杀死。本句谓语为would end up，此处为非谓语动词，end up doing sth.“最终做某事”，且you与eat“吃”为被动关系，应用动名词的被动，作宾语。故填being eaten。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:然而，友谊仍然是非常重要的，没有朋友是值得担心的事情。此处应填have“有”的动名词形式having，作主语。故填having.
⑤考查状语从句的省略。句意:大多数人把朋友看作是他们在面对困难时可以依靠的人。be faced with“面对”。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的条件when引导的时间状语从句完整句子为when they are(face) with trouble，本空用faced。故填faced。
⑥考查强调句。句意:只有在这些困难时期，他们才会发现谁是真正的朋友。此处用强调句“it be+被强调部分+that+其它”。本句中强调时间状语in these hard times，故填that。
⑦考查定语从句。句意:俗话说，成功时朋友多，苦难时二十个中没有一个。本空引导非限定性定语从句，且缺少“正如”的含义，用as引导。as the old saying goes为固定表达，意为“俗话说”。故填As。
⑧考查名词。句意:正如一句老话所说，成功时朋友多，苦难时二十个中没有一个。此处应填不可数名词suffering“苦难”，作介词of的宾语。故填suffering。
⑨考查冠词。句意:还有一句话说，你很难在一年内交到一个朋友，但你很容易在一个小时内让一个朋友心烦。此处泛指“一个小时”，且hour以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑩考查定语从句。句意:所以尽你最大的努力与那些即使在你有错误的时候也愿意支持你的人相处，并感激他们。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cases，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
2.答案：a；absolutely；Designed；into；beauty；to grow；existing；more dynamic；is surrounded；which
解析：①分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句为同位语从句，用来解释project，且design是单数名词。故填a。
②设空处在句中位于形容词前作状语，所以需填副词。故填absolutely。
③设空处位于句首，用作状语，且和逻辑主语project之间是动宾关系，所以需用过去分词表示被动。故填Designed。
④根据句意可知，此处指“把……融入”。故填into。
⑤根据前面的定冠词以及形容词可知，设空处需填名词。故填beauty。
⑥分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填to grow。
⑦修饰名词surroundings需用形容词作定语。故填existing。
⑧设空处在句中作定语修饰experience，需用形容词；再根据 even可知，需填形容词的比较级。故填more dynamic。
⑨句子缺少谓语动词，且是介绍现在的状况，所以需用一般现在时；作主语的单数名词path和谓语动词之间为被动关系。故填is surrounded。
⑩分析句子结构可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，句子缺少主语，且指代public spaces。故填which。
3.答案：①Actually②crowded③to refresh④is designed⑤focusing/focused⑥and⑦whom⑧graduates⑨to⑩an
解析：①副词。空处修饰后面整个句子,应用副词;且空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Actually。
②形容词。修饰名词spots,应用形容词 crowded,意为“拥挤的”。句意:很多人厌倦了在假期去拥挤的景点,转而选择采蘑菇来提神。
③非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词短语作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to refresh。句意:很多人厌倦了在假期去拥挤的景点,转而选择采蘑菇来提神。
④动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。此处描述一般事实,应用一般现在时。主语The first表示第三人称单数概念,与design之间是被动关系。故填is designed。
⑤非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语。focus作“集中(注意力、精力等于)”讲时,既可以是及物动词,构成“focus sth. on sth.”结构,也可以是不及物动词,构成“focus on sth.”结构。所以逻辑主语experience与focus之间既可以是动宾关系,也可以是主谓关系。故填focusing/focused。句意:他们的期望是寻找蘑菇的体验,专注于轻松找到蘑菇。
⑥并列连词。句中的“a mushroom hunting experience”、“picking wild tea”和“visiting a local wild mushroom market”为并列关系,都作includes的宾语,故用连词and。句意:第二条路线是为本地和高端客户提供的,其中包括采摘蘑菇的体验、采摘野生茶以及参观当地的野生蘑菇市场。
⑦定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是“介词+关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词800 tourists,指人,且在从句中作介词的宾语,故用whom。句意:截至8月底,该项目开展了近40次一日野生蘑菇采集活动,服务近800名游客,其中95%以上来自省外。
⑧名词复数graduate在此作可数名词,意为“大学毕业生”,其前没有冠词修饰。故填graduates。
⑨介词。pay a visit to“参观”,是固定短语。句意:一位从四川专程到云南一日游的游客说:“我的孩子喜欢蘑菇,我们想给他一个机会去体验大自然的奇迹,并提供一次教育体验。”
⑩冠词。experience在此意为“(一次)经历,体验”,是可数名词。结合语境“一次教育体验”可知,此处表泛指,且educational发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
4.答案：considered；for；It；have been preferred；hugely；were；and；a；products；stressing
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：龙是中国12年生肖周期中的第五只动物，被认为是神话和财富的象征。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词，Chinese Loong和consider为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填considered。
②考查介词。句意：某电子商务平台的数据显示，通过其在线市场搜索与龙有关的商品已达到2300万次。search for为固定搭配，意为“搜索……”。故填for。
③考查代词。句意：据说，自今年1月以来，以龙为主题的日用品、酒类和黄金首饰等商品受到了消费者的青睐。It is said that…为固定句型，意为“据说”，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。
④考查动词时态语态。句意同上。空处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“since January”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语goods with dragon-themed elements和prefer为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词使用have。故填have been preferred。
⑤考查副词。句意：这种购买热情有望极大地提振消费者信心，促进消费复苏。修饰动词boost，需用副词hugely，作状语。故填hugely。
⑥考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：90后和00后的消费占比接近55%，而广东、北京和江苏的消费者是龙类商品的前三名。空处为并列句的谓语动词，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为consumers，be动词用were。故填were。
⑦考查连词。句意：因为龙是中国传统文化和好运的重要象征，中国消费者表达了他们对新的一年更好生活的希望。Chinese traditional culture和good luck为并列成分，需用连词and连接。故填and。
⑧考查冠词。句意同上。life为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且better发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
⑨考查名词。句意：一位研究员表示:“品牌应该利用中国传统文化来推出更多创新产品。”他强调春节是中国人最重视的传统节日，也是消费旺季。空处需填名词作宾语，product为可数名词，结合“more”可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填products。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词said，空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，a research fellow和stress为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填stressing。
二、能力提升
5.答案：①greatest②was born③in④to do⑤Eventually⑥and⑦the⑧importance⑨which⑩classes
解析：本文是一篇人物传记 。文章主要介绍了我国春秋时期著名的教育家 、政治家 、哲学家孔子 。
①greatest 考查形容词的最高级 。根据句意及空前的 one of可知，此处填所给形容词的最高级 。
②was born 考查动词的时态和语态 。根据空后的时间状语 in 551 BCE during China ,s “Spring and Autumn Period”（771-476 BCE）可知，此处用所给动词的一般过去时；又因为动词 bear 与主语 Confucius 之间存在 动宾关系，故此处填一般过去时的被动语态 。
③in 考查介词。“in return”意为“作为回报 ”，为固定搭配 。
④to do 考查非谓语动词 。分析句子成分可知，此处用所给动词的不定式作名词 thing 的后置定语 。
⑤Eventually 考查词形转换 。此处用所给形容词的副词形式作空后句子的状语（首字母小写的不给分）。
⑥and 考查连词 。分析该句成分可知，空前的动词 noticed 和空后的动词 offered 属于并列关系，故填并列连 词 and 。
⑦the 考查冠词 。“for the rest of+时间 ”意为“在接下来的时间里 ”，为固定用法 。
⑧importance 考查词形转换 。此处用所给形容词的名词形式作空前介词 about 的宾语 。
⑨which 考查定语从句 。分析句子结构可知，此处引导的是一个限制性定语从句；从句缺少宾语，先行词为
China's first school，指物，故填关系代词 which 。此处的 in which相当于关系副词 where。
⑩classes 考查名词复数 。根据空前的 all 以及 class 为可数名词可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式 。
6.答案：①was held②completed③innovation④further⑤to achieve⑥turning⑦times⑧currently⑨which⑩The
解析：①考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2023年2月24日，为纪念中国载人航天30周年，一场盛大的展览在北京国家博物馆举行。hold(举行)是句中谓语动词，与主语a grand exhibition之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语in February 24, 2023，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was held。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：此次展览展出了中国新建成的空间站模型、著名的长征火箭模型、中国探月任务的未来模型以及历史纪念品，讲述了中国三十年来的创新和发展。动词complete(完成)作定语修饰名词space station，用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语space station之间是被动关系，且动作已经完成，用过去分词表被动和完成。故填completed。
③考查名词。句意：此次展览展出了中国新建成的空间站模型、著名的长征火箭模型、中国探月任务的未来模型以及历史纪念品，讲述了中国三十年来的创新和发展。提示词与名词development是并列关系，作介词宾语，也用名词形式innovation，意为“创新”，抽象名词不可数。故填innovation。
④考查副词比较级。句意：进入新时代，中国人民将更进一步探索，用我们的探索为全人类做出贡献。副词far修饰动词explore，结合句意和副词even可知，表示“更进一步”，用副词比较级further。故填further。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说，自1992年该计划启动以来，中国人民一直致力于在太空探索方面取得新的进展和突破。根据句意，“(achieve) new advances and breakthroughs in space exploration”是“consistently worked”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to achieve。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，我们努力建设中国空间站，把我们以前的中国“三步走”梦想变成了现实。根据句意，“(turn) our previous China’s ‘three-step’ dream into a reality”作结果状语，turn是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示“情理之中”的结果。故填turning。
⑦考查名词的数。句意：据中国运载火箭技术研究院总设计师张志介绍，中国下一代运载火箭的推力超过2600吨，是长征五号乙运载火箭的三倍。表示“次数、倍数”时，time是可数名词，由数词three修饰，用复数形式。故填times。
⑧考查副词。句意：长征五号乙是目前中国最强大的重型运载火箭，负责运送中国空间站的核心模块和两个实验室模块。提示词在句中作时间状语，用副词currently，意为“现时，目前”。故填currently。
⑨考查定语从句。句意：长征五号乙是目前中国最强大的重型运载火箭，负责运送中国空间站的核心模块和两个实验室模块。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Long March-5B，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。
⑩考查冠词。句意：展览共持续了三个月。句中exhibition指代上文中提到的“2023年2月24日在北京国家博物馆举行的展览”，特指，用定冠词the限定；句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
7.答案：①a②spoken③or④its⑤said⑥to communicate⑦why⑧beginner⑨important⑩culturally
解析：①考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，communication graduate 是可数名词,所以需要使用不定冠词表示泛指,故填 a。
②考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用过去分词作定语修饰名词languages,故填spoken。
③考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，one way与another 表示“一种方式”“其他方式”,两者是并列、选择关系，故填or。
④考查代词。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处表示中国人民,因此需要使用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
⑤考查时态。根据时间状语last Wednesday 可知,应用一般过去时，故填said。
⑥考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处communicate是非谓语动词,与主语her是主动关系,因此需要使用动词不定式的主动形式，故填to communicate.
⑦考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句，先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
⑧考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用名词置于不定冠词a后，故填 beginner。
⑨考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用形容词作定语修饰名词part,故填important。
⑩考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处需要使用副词修饰形容词rich,故填 culturally。
8.答案：①twelfth②thunderstorms③reaches④when⑤from⑥and⑦fully⑧drunk⑨is made⑩which
解析：本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大暑节气以及大暑节气的一些习俗。
①考查序数词。句意:大暑是二十四节气中的第十二个节气，也是夏季的最后一个节气。空格前有定冠词the，所以需要用序数词;此处指的是“第十二个节气”。故填twelfth。
②考查名词。句意:大暑是一年中日照最强、气温最高的一个节气，是一年中酷热、雷暴频发、雨量充沛的一个节气。thunderstorm意为“雷雨，雷暴”可数名词，此处指的是频发的雷雨，所以需要用复数。故填thunderstorms。
③考查一般现在时与主谓一致。句意:它是一年中最猛烈、最热的节气，“湿热交叉蒸”也在这个时候达到顶峰。此处描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为“湿热交叉蒸”为单数，所以位于动词用单数。故填reaches。
④考查定语从句。句意:大暑是指暴雨和高温交替发生在全国大部分地区的季节。空格处为定语从句的关系词，先从词为season，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。
⑤考查介词。句意:伏姜原籍山西、河南等地。originate from意为“起源于”;此处指的是起源于山西、河南等地。故填from。
⑥考查连词。句意:在三伏天，人们会将姜切片，与红糖一起搅拌，放入容器中，用纱布盖上，在太阳下晒干。“put it in a container”与“cover it with gauze”为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
⑦考查副词。句意:这款完全集成的产品在寒冷的季节具有温暖的保健效果。空格处位于形容词之前，修饰形容词，所以需要用副词fully。故填fully。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意:伏茶，顾名思义，是传统上在三伏天喝的茶。空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动。故填drunk。
⑨考查被动语态与主谓一致。句意:这种茶由金银花、夏枯草、甘草等十多种中草药制成，具有消暑降温的作用。空格处需要填入谓语动词，句子的主语为This kind of tea，茶为被制作，所以要用被动语态，句子描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，所以be动词用is。故填is made。
⑩考查定语从句。句意:这种茶由金银花、夏枯草、甘草等十多种中草药制成，具有消暑降温的作用。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的关系词;先行词为honeysuckle, prunella, and licorice，所以用which引导定语从句。故填which。
三、拓展训练
9.答案：①based②a③inviting④led⑤to host⑥possibly⑦when⑧into⑨diversity⑩economic
解析：这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了基于去年活动的成功，今年旧金山各地将举办多个夜市。介绍了夜市的举办情况。
①考查非谓语动词。句意:旧金山，2024年3月2日(SFStandard)-基于去年活动的成功，今年旧金山各地将举办多个夜市。短语be based on表示“基于”，过去分词作状语。故填based。
②考查冠词。句意:该活动由非营利组织“唐人街”组织，将在活动的同时提供传统的中国食物。organization为泛指，且nonprofit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
③考查形容词。句意:另一个大型夜市-日落夜市预计将于6月回归，该夜市有着诱人的表演，去年这个活动非常成功的负责人乔尔·恩加迪奥说。修饰名词performances应用形容词inviting，故填inviting。
④考查时态。句意:另一个大型夜市-日落夜市预计将于6月回归，该夜市有着诱人的表演，去年这个活动非常成功的负责人乔尔·恩加迪奥说。根据后文last year可知为一般过去时。故填led。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意:恩加迪奥说，该市正在挑选主办夜市的供应商，他预计今年下半年会有更多的夜市活动，可能会在欧文和诺列加大街上举行。select sb to do sth是固定句型，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to host。
⑥考查副词。句意:恩加迪奥说，该市正在挑选主办夜市的供应商，他预计今年下半年会有更多的夜市活动，可能会在欧文和诺列加大街上举行。修饰后文介词短语应用副词possibly，故填possibly。
⑦考查状语从句。句意:“我们希望参与者的体验就像你去曼谷的夜市一样。”根据句意可知，介词like后应用表示时间的连接副词when引导宾语从句。故填when。
⑧考查介词。句意:该活动是为市中心注入活力的努力的一部分，将提供一个适合家庭活动、美食和音乐的空间。短语breathe life into表示“注入活力”。故填into。
⑨考查名词。句意:“这些投资对于庆祝城市的多样性至关重要，同时也为我们的经济活力做出了贡献。”作动词的宾语，应用名词diversity。故填diversity。
⑩考查形容词。句意:“这些投资对于庆祝城市的多样性至关重要，同时也为我们的经济活力做出了贡献。”修饰名词vitality应用形容词economic。故填economic。
10.答案：①in②but③carrying④was moved⑤accessible⑥than⑦successfully⑧where⑨set⑩a
解析：本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2024年巴黎奥运会开幕式的情况。
①考查介词。句意:尽管下着细雨，但巴黎以其独特的浪漫方式兑现了为2024年奥运会拉开帷幕的承诺。in ... manner意为“以……方式”为固定短语，此处指的是以其独特的浪漫方式。故填in。
②考查固定搭配。句意:不是传统的方式，也不是最安全的方式，但肯定是最巴黎的方式法国首都把风景如画的塞纳河中部变成了一个巨大的露天剧院，让世界惊叹不已。空格前后是转折关系，not ... but ...意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:来自205个国家的85艘载着运动员的船只驶入奥运会的聚光灯下，在河两岸、阳台和窗户上观看的人们为他们欢呼。空格处需要填入非谓语动词;逻辑主语boats与carry之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词;此处作后置定语，修饰boats。故填carrying。
④考查被动语态。句意:这是现代奥运会历史上第一次将开幕式移出体育场，在主办城市的中心举行，这使得比传统的体育场观众更多的人可以参加庆祝活动和艺术表演。空格处作谓语，根据For the first time in the history of modern Olympics可知，句子用一般过去时;主语是the Games' opening ceremony，第三人称单数形式，和谓语move是被动关系，故用一般过去时被动语态。故填was moved。
⑤考查形容词。句意:这是现代奥运会历史上第一次将开幕式移出体育场，在主办城市的中心举行，这使得比传统的体育场观众更多的人可以参加庆祝活动和艺术表演。此处作宾语补足语，make sb/sth +adj.使某人/某物怎么样;所以需要填入形容词。access入口，通道，名词，形容词是accessible，可到达的，可进入的;易得到的。故填accessible。
⑥考查介词。句意:这是现代奥运会历史上第一次将开幕式移出体育场，在主办城市的中心举行，这使得比传统的体育场观众更多的人可以参加庆祝活动和艺术表演。根据空格前面的more people可知，此处填介词than。故填than。
⑦考查副词。句意:这一大胆的创新，克服了无数挑战，在世界上最大的舞台上成功形成，Lady Gaga和席琳·迪翁等世界著名歌手在这里表演，激起了观众的反应，呼应了2024年巴黎奥运会的官方口号“奥运会开放”。空格处修饰动词took，用副词，success成功，名词，副词是successfully ,成功地。故填successfully。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:这一大胆的创新，克服了无数挑战，在世界上最大的舞台上成功形成，Lady Gaga和席琳·迪翁等世界著名歌手在这里表演，激起了观众的反应，呼应了2024年巴黎奥运会的官方口号“奥运会开放”。空格处是一个非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词是stage，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where。故填where。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:运动员队伍从奥斯特里茨桥出发，沿着塞纳河航行，经过两岸的众多纪念碑和12个水上和陆地上的艺术场景，仿佛奥运选手们正在重温法国丰富的历史和文化遗产。此句sailed是谓语动词部分，set设置，是动词，应用非谓语动词形式，此处作后置定语，修饰名词12 artistic tableaux，set和12 artistic tableaux是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填set。
⑩考查冠词。句意:法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙随后宣布奥运会开幕，一场壮观的灯光秀拉开帷幕，从埃菲尔铁塔发射的激光束照亮了巴黎的夜晚。空格处位于可数名词show单数之前，表示泛指，用不定冠词，spectacular发音是以辅音音素开头的，所以用a。故填a。
11.答案：①leading②which③construction④dangerous⑤to mention⑥it⑦completely⑧was rebuilt⑨to⑩is
解析：本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会。蜀道，是古代由外界通往蜀地的道路。蜀道穿越秦岭和大巴山，山高谷深，道路崎岖，难以通行，诗仙李白曾作《蜀道难》一诗，具言蜀道之艰难。
①leading 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语形式。all roads与lead之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
②which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为名词line，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which。
③construction 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处作主语，根据空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，用名词形式。Construction“建造，施工”，为不可数名词。
④dangerous 考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰名词mountains。
⑤to mention 考查非谓语动词。be inspired to do sth. “被激励做某事”。
⑥it 考查代词。此处用it作found的形式宾语，其真正的宾语是后面的不定式to continue。
⑦completely 考查词性转换。修饰谓语部分，应用副词completely。
⑧was rebuilt 考查动词时态及语态。根据句意可知，The plank road与rebuild之间为被动关系，且表示过去（战争时期）的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
⑨to 考查介词。give rise to sth. “使发生（或存在）”。
⑩is 考查主谓一致及时态。根据句意可知，主语是The Sword Gate Pass,且表示一般情况，故用第三人称的单数形式。
12.答案：①emphasis②fighting③a④when⑤to⑥named⑦finally⑧has spread⑨was⑩that/which
解析：①考查名词。句意：咏春拳风格以强调技术而不是力量而闻名。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，构成短语：place emphasis on，意为“强调……”，符合句意。故填emphasis。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：这种风格也要求练习者在战斗时保持放松，使他们达到一种柔软或灵活。这里为状语从句的省略，完全形式为：while they are fighting，省略主语+be，用现在分词表示动作的同时发生。故填fighting。
③考查冠词。句意：这种放松的柔韧性赋予咏春拳运动员一种特殊的力量，使他们能够像竹子一样弯曲而不是折断。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。构成短语：a kind of，意为“一种……”。故填a。
④考查状语从句。句意：相传咏春拳创始人五枚师太正住在少林寺时，少林寺遭到清朝军队的袭击和摧毁。这里为状语从句的连接词，意为“当……时”，用连接词“when”。故填when。
⑤考查介词。句意：在袭击中幸存下来，她逃到了云南和四川的边境地区。根据句意可知，空处指的是“逃往……”，用介词to，构成短语：escape to，意为“逃到某地”。故填to。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为她最优秀的学生之一。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a young woman”和动词“name”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填named。
⑦考查副词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为她最优秀的学生之一。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词担当本句的状语。故填finally。
⑧考查时态。句意：在过去的两百年里，这种新的武术已经传播并发展成不同的分支。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past two hundred years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“this new martial art”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has spread。
⑨考查时态和主谓一致。句意：叶问，同名热门电影中的主角，是一位著名的咏春拳练习者。这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Ip Man”，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：他还教他的学生李小龙咏春拳，李小龙后来出演了深受喜爱的香港功夫电影，这些电影使中国武术闻名世界。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Hong Kong kung fu movies”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填that/which。
一、基础练习
1.
In the distant past, friends relied on each other for their ①_______ (survive).They hunted together and defended each other against animals and enemies in the ②_______ (disaster) experiences. In those days, if you didn’t have a friend, you would end up either starving, ③_______ (eat) or killed.
Nowadays, friendship isn’t exactly a matter of life and death. However, friendship is still of great importance and not ④_______ (have) a friend is something to be concerned about. Most people look upon a friend as someone they can depend on when ⑤_______ (face) with trouble. In these hard times, friends provide them with emotional support and sometimes financial help. It is in these hard times ⑥_______ they find out who their true friends are. ⑦_______ the old saying goes, in times of success, friends will be plenty; in times of ⑧_______ (suffer), not one in twenty. And there is another saying that says you can hardly make a friend in a year, but you can easily upset one in ⑨_______ hour. So do your best to get along with and be grateful to all those who are willing to support you in the cases ⑩_______ put you in trouble.
2.
This is the first cross-provincial ecological restoration project in China, ① design that is truly paving the way for the future. Green ecology and harmony is the theme and the end result is② （absolute）amazing.
③ （design）by the Tus-Design Group Co. , Ltd, this incredible shoreline linkage project uses the wetlands as part of the design. The Yangtze River is integrated ④ the design as well. The project's aim is to restore and improve the shoreline, creating a home for native plants, wildlife and people who want to come here and enjoy the natural ⑤ （beautiful）.
Additionally, this design honors the water culture of the Yangtze River. The project was created so as not to disturb the natural patterns of the fish and provide a place for native plants⑥ （grow）healthily.
Moreover, there's a hidden flood control walkway, which combines the shoreline with plants, terrain（地形）and the⑦ （exist）surroundings. The walkway is hidden within the environment, which creates an even⑧ （dynamic）experience while walking.
Meanwhile, the walking path ⑨ （surround）by native grasses and plants with beautiful views all around. Ecological pavement leads past watery areas that are perfect for picnicking. There are public spaces everywhere, all of ⑩ honor nature.
3.
Wandering in the forest with sweet melodies of wild birds, tourists might feel they are in a fairy tale world. ①_____(actual), they are picking wild mushrooms in Yunnan Province. Tired of visiting ②____(crowd) scenic spots during holidays, many people instead choose mushroom picking ③_____(refresh) themselves.
Xu Yaowei is in charge of a mushroom picking project on the app “Youyunnan”. “There are two types of tour routes. The first ④_____(design) for tourists from outside the province. Their expectation is a mushroom hunting experience ⑤_____(focus) on easily finding mushrooms,” Xu said. “The second route is for local and high-end customers, which includes a mushroom hunting experience, picking wild tea, ⑥_____ visiting a local wild mushroom market as well.”
By the end of August, the project conducted nearly 40 one-day wild mushroom collection tours, serving nearly 800 tourists, more than 95 percent of ⑦_____ are from outside the province. Most of them are college ⑧_____(graduate) and parents with children.
A tourist who paid a special one-day visit ⑨_____ Yunnan from Sichuan Province said, “My child loves mushrooms and we want to give him a chance to experience the wonders of nature and provide ⑩_____ educational experience.”
4.
Chinese Loong is the fifth animal of the 12-year Chinese zodiac cycle, ① (consider) to be mythical and symbolic of fortune. Recently, sales of things with dragon elements have witnessed explosive growth on e-commerce platforms.
Data from an e-commerce platform show that searches ② dragon-related goods via its online marketplace have reached 23 million. ③ is said that since January, goods with dragon-themed elements, such as daily necessities, alcohol and gold jewelry, ④ (prefer) by consumers. The purchasing excitement is expected to ⑤ (huge) boost consumer confidence and improve the recovery of consumption.
Purchases by the post-1990s and post-2000s generations accounted for nearly 55%, while consumers in Guangdong province, Beijing, Jiangsu province in that order, ⑥ (be) the top three spenders on dragon-featured items. Because the dragon is an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture ⑦ good luck, Chinese consumers are expressing their hopes for ⑧ better life in the new year.
“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative ⑨ (product),” a research fellow said, ⑩ (stress) that Spring Festival is the traditional festival Chinese people attach the most importance to, and it’s also a peak season for consumption.
二、能力提升
5.
Confucius was a famous teacher, politician and philosopher(哲学家) who lived in China over 2,600 years ago. Today, he is considered to be one of the world's ①________(great) teachers.
Historians believe that Confucius ②________(bear) in 551 BCE during China's“ Spring and Autumn Period”(771—476 BCE). During this period, many rulers were fighting across the country. Because of all the fighting, life was difficult for the poor. They worked hard for their rulers and received little money ③________ return.
As Confucius grew up, his favorite thing ④________ ( do) was learning. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. ⑤________ ( eventual), wealthy families noticed how smart he was ⑥________ offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops.
Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. For ⑦________ rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self- discipline(自律) and the ⑧________ (important) of education. He even opened China's first school in ⑨________ he taught both the poor and the wealthy as equals.
In 479 BCE, Confucius died at the age of 72. His loyal students continued to travel around China long after his death, teaching all ⑩________ (class) of people.
6.
To mark 30 years of China’s manned space program, a grand exhibition① _________ (hold) at the National Museum in Beijing in February 24, 2023.
The exhibition featured models of China’s newly ② _________ (complete) space station, its famous Long March earner rockets, future models for China’s lunar missions and historical memorabilia to tell the story of three decades of ③ _________ (innovate) and development.
“We hope the exhibition will pass our passion for the cause to more people. And now in the new era, Chinese people will explore even ④ _________ (far) and contribute to all humankind with our quest,” said Hao Chun, director of China Manned Space Agency, at the opening ceremony of the exhibition.
He added that the Chinese people had consistently worked ⑤ _________ (achieve) new advances and breakthroughs in space exploration since 1992 when the program started. “And in recent years we have worked to build the China Space Station, ⑥ _________ (turn) our previous China’s ‘three-step’ dream into a reality,” he said. China’s next-generation carrier rocket has a thrust of over 2,600 tonnes, three ⑦ _________ (time) more than the Long March-5B carrier rocket, according to Zhang Zhi, the chief designer of the vehicle from China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.
The Long March-5B is⑧ _________ (current) the most powerful heavy-lift launch vehicle in China, ⑨ _________ is responsible for transporting the core module and two lab modules for China’s space station. “The academy is also developing a reusable rocket for low-Earth orbit transportation,” Zhang added.⑩ _________ exhibition ran for three months in total.
7.
Chinese culture is becoming more popular in young Namibians as they are pursuing the Chinese language. Rena Stephanus, ① communication graduate, enrolled in (参加) a Chinese language course at the Confucius Institute at the University of Namibia this year.
“Chinese is one of the most widely ② (speak) languages in the world. Wherever you are in the world, you will be exposed to the language one way ③ another. My curiosity about China and ④ (it) people motivated me to enroll,” she ⑤ (say) last Wednesday. Stephanus believed that the Chinese language is essential for her ⑥ (communicate). “The removing of communication barriers is the primary reason ⑦ I enrolled for Chinese.”
Although a ⑧ (begin) in the course, Stephanus has seen her interest grow in China’s history and the Chinese culture.
According to Stephanus, Chinese art, music and literature have now become an ⑨ (importance) part of her life. “The ⑩ (cultural) rich country has so much to be explored and the exposure to the language gradually improves my basic understanding of China and its people,” Stephanus said.
8.
Major Heat is the ①_______(twelve) solar term in the 24 solar terms and the last solar term of summer. “Heat” means hot, and “Major Heat” means extreme heat. Major Heat is a solar term of the year with the strongest sunshine and highest temperature and is a time of intense heat, frequent ②_______ (thunderstorm), and abundant rainfall.
Major Heat is around the middle in the “dog days”. It is the most violent and hottest solar term of the year, and the “moist and hot cross-steaming” also ③_______ (reach) its peak at this time. Major Heat is the season ④_______ rainstorms and high temperatures are alternatively taking place in most parts of the country. Below are some customs during this season.
Fu Jiang originated ⑤_______ Shanxi, Henan and other places in China. During the dog days, people will slice ginger and stir it together with brown sugar, put it in a container, ⑥_______ cover it with gauze (纱布) to dry in the sun. This ⑦_______ (full) integrated product has a warm healthcare effect in cold seasons.
Fu tea, as the name suggests, is conventionally the tea ⑧_______ (drink) in the dog days. It is usually served free for passers-by from the beginning of June to the end of August. This kind of tea ⑨_______ (make) of more than ten kinds of Chinese herbs such as honeysuckle, prunella, and licorice, all of ⑩_______ have the effects of cooling down and dispelling summer heat.
三、拓展训练
9.
9.San Francisco, Mar 2, 2024 (SFStandard) --- Multiple night markets are set to take place across San Francisco this year, ①________ (base) on the success of last year’s events.
The Chinatown night market will return first. Starting from March 8, it is scheduled for every second Friday of the month till November. The event organized by BeChinatown, ②________ nonprofit organization, will offer traditional Chinese foods along with activities.
Another major night market, the Sunset Night Market with ③________ (invite) performances, is expected to return in June, according to Joel Engardio, who ④________ (lead) last year’s highly successful event. Engardio said the city is in the process of selecting vendors (摊贩) ⑤________ (host) the night market, and he’s expecting more night market events throughout the second half of the year, ⑥________ (possible) on Irving and Noriega streets. “We want to focus on food,” Engardio said. “We want the participants to have the experience just like ⑦________ you go to the night market in Bangkok.”
The Indian-themed dance party, the Bhangra and Beats Night Market-also a hit last year with over 10,000 participants --- will come back on May 10. The event, part of an effort to breathe life ⑧________ the downtown area, will provide a space where family-friendly activities, food and music can be enjoyed.
“Night markets are an opportunity to show San Francisco to the region and welcome new visitors,” the Mayor’s Office said in a statement. “These investments are crucial to celebrate the ⑨________ (diverse) of the city while contributing to our ⑩________ (economy) vitality.”
10.
Even with trickling rain, Paris has delivered on its promise of raising the curtain on the 2024 Olympics ①________ its uniquely romantic manner.
Not the traditional way, not the safest way, ②________ certainly the most Parisian way—the French capital wowed the world by turning the picturesque central section of the River Seine into a giant open-air theater. Eighty-five boats ③________ (carry) athletes from 205 countries sailed into the Olympic spotlight, cheered on by people watching from both banks of the river, and from balconies and windows.
For the first time in the history of modern Olympics, the Games’ opening ceremony ④________ (move) out of a stadium and took place in the heart of the host city, making the celebrations and artistic performances ⑤________ (access) to many more people ⑥________ the traditional stadium crowd.
The bold innovation, overcoming numerous challenges, ⑦________ (success) took shape on the world’s biggest stage, ⑧________ world-famous singers such as Lady Gaga and Celine Dion performed to rouse reactions from spectators, echoing Paris 2024’s official slogan “Games Wide Open”.
Beginning from the Austerlitz Bridge, the parade of athletes, sailed along the Seine, passing numerous monuments on both banks and 12 artistic tableaux(舞台场景) ⑨________ (set) in the water and on land, as if the Olympians were revisiting the country’s rich history and cultural heritage.
French President Emmanuel Macron then declared the opening of the Games, kicking off ⑩________ spectacular light show featuring laser beams shot from the Eiffel Tower that illuminated the Parisian night.
11.
In ancient times, all roads ①_______(lead) from the outside to Sichuan were referred to as the Shu Path, including those from Shaanxi and Gansu.
Surrounded by mountains, Sichuan, called Shu in ancient times, was known for its inaccessibility. That became widely known partly due to a line from Chinese poet Li Bai, ②_______ reads “Traveling on the Shu Path is as difficult as climbing to heaven”. The most famous section of the Shu Path is about 600 kilometers long. It starts at Chengdu, and then passes Deyang and Guangyuan in Sichuan before ending in Hanzhong in Shaanxi. The ③_______ (construct) of the section started around 316 BC. It was on such ④_______ (danger) mountains that Li Bai was inspired ⑤_______ (mention) it.
When builders approached the Mingyue Gorge in Guangyuan, they found ⑥_______ impossible to continue because of high cliffs (悬崖). So they dug three levels of holes in the rock, and put in wooden beams. The upper beams were ⑦_______ (complete) covered by planks (木板) to form a road for people to walk on. The plank road ⑧_______ (rebuild) many times during wars. Now part of it has been restored to allow visitors to admire the man-made wonder.
The Sword Gate Pass, a towering V-shaped mountain pass—the one that gave rise ⑨_______ a household idiom, “One man at the pass keeps 10,000 men at bay”—witnessed countless battles during the Three Kingdoms and ⑩_______ (be) a tourist attraction now in the Guangyuan section of the Shu Path.
12.
Wing Chun is a southern Chinese kung fu style descends from Shaolin Kung Fu. It has the distinction of having been founded by two women, Ng Mui and Yim Wing-chun.
The Wing Chun style is known for placing① _________ (emphasize) on technique rather than strength. This style also calls for practitioners to stay relaxed while② _________ (fight), allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility. This relaxed flexibility gives Wing Chun fighter③ _________ special kind of strength that allows them to bend, not break, just like bamboo.
Legend has it that Wing Chun founder Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple④ _________ it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers. Surviving the attack, she escaped⑤ _________ the border area between Yunnan and Sichuan. There she met a young woman⑥ _________ (name)Yim Wing-chun, who⑦ _________ (final) became one of her top students. She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, known as Wing Chun now. This new martial art⑧ _________ (spread) and grown into different branches over the past two hundred years.
Ip Man, featured in the eponymous (同名的) hit films, ⑨ _________ (be) a notable practitioner of Wing Chun style martial arts. He also taught the Wing Chun style to his student, Bruce Lee, who would go on to act in the beloved Hong Kong kung fu movies⑩ _________ helped make Chinese martial arts famous around the world.
答案以及解析
一、基础练习
1.答案：①survival②disastrous③being eaten④having⑤faced⑥that⑦As⑧suffering⑨an⑩that/which
解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了朋友的重要性。
①考查名词。句意:在遥远的过去，朋友们依靠彼此生存。此处应用survive的名词形式survival“生存”，不可数，作介词for的宾语。故填survival。
②考查形容词。句意:他们一起打猎，在灾难性的经历中互相保护，抵御动物和敌人。此处应用形容词disastrous“灾难性的”，修饰名词experiences，作前置定语。故填disastrous。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:在那些日子里，如果你没有朋友，你要么挨饿，要么被吃掉，要么被杀死。本句谓语为would end up，此处为非谓语动词，end up doing sth.“最终做某事”，且you与eat“吃”为被动关系，应用动名词的被动，作宾语。故填being eaten。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:然而，友谊仍然是非常重要的，没有朋友是值得担心的事情。此处应填have“有”的动名词形式having，作主语。故填having.
⑤考查状语从句的省略。句意:大多数人把朋友看作是他们在面对困难时可以依靠的人。be faced with“面对”。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的条件when引导的时间状语从句完整句子为when they are(face) with trouble，本空用faced。故填faced。
⑥考查强调句。句意:只有在这些困难时期，他们才会发现谁是真正的朋友。此处用强调句“it be+被强调部分+that+其它”。本句中强调时间状语in these hard times，故填that。
⑦考查定语从句。句意:俗话说，成功时朋友多，苦难时二十个中没有一个。本空引导非限定性定语从句，且缺少“正如”的含义，用as引导。as the old saying goes为固定表达，意为“俗话说”。故填As。
⑧考查名词。句意:正如一句老话所说，成功时朋友多，苦难时二十个中没有一个。此处应填不可数名词suffering“苦难”，作介词of的宾语。故填suffering。
⑨考查冠词。句意:还有一句话说，你很难在一年内交到一个朋友，但你很容易在一个小时内让一个朋友心烦。此处泛指“一个小时”，且hour以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑩考查定语从句。句意:所以尽你最大的努力与那些即使在你有错误的时候也愿意支持你的人相处，并感激他们。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cases，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
2.答案：a；absolutely；Designed；into；beauty；to grow；existing；more dynamic；is surrounded；which
解析：①分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句为同位语从句，用来解释project，且design是单数名词。故填a。
②设空处在句中位于形容词前作状语，所以需填副词。故填absolutely。
③设空处位于句首，用作状语，且和逻辑主语project之间是动宾关系，所以需用过去分词表示被动。故填Designed。
④根据句意可知，此处指“把……融入”。故填into。
⑤根据前面的定冠词以及形容词可知，设空处需填名词。故填beauty。
⑥分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填to grow。
⑦修饰名词surroundings需用形容词作定语。故填existing。
⑧设空处在句中作定语修饰experience，需用形容词；再根据 even可知，需填形容词的比较级。故填more dynamic。
⑨句子缺少谓语动词，且是介绍现在的状况，所以需用一般现在时；作主语的单数名词path和谓语动词之间为被动关系。故填is surrounded。
⑩分析句子结构可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，句子缺少主语，且指代public spaces。故填which。
3.答案：①Actually②crowded③to refresh④is designed⑤focusing/focused⑥and⑦whom⑧graduates⑨to⑩an
解析：①副词。空处修饰后面整个句子,应用副词;且空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Actually。
②形容词。修饰名词spots,应用形容词 crowded,意为“拥挤的”。句意:很多人厌倦了在假期去拥挤的景点,转而选择采蘑菇来提神。
③非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词短语作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to refresh。句意:很多人厌倦了在假期去拥挤的景点,转而选择采蘑菇来提神。
④动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。此处描述一般事实,应用一般现在时。主语The first表示第三人称单数概念,与design之间是被动关系。故填is designed。
⑤非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语。focus作“集中(注意力、精力等于)”讲时,既可以是及物动词,构成“focus sth. on sth.”结构,也可以是不及物动词,构成“focus on sth.”结构。所以逻辑主语experience与focus之间既可以是动宾关系,也可以是主谓关系。故填focusing/focused。句意:他们的期望是寻找蘑菇的体验,专注于轻松找到蘑菇。
⑥并列连词。句中的“a mushroom hunting experience”、“picking wild tea”和“visiting a local wild mushroom market”为并列关系,都作includes的宾语,故用连词and。句意:第二条路线是为本地和高端客户提供的,其中包括采摘蘑菇的体验、采摘野生茶以及参观当地的野生蘑菇市场。
⑦定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是“介词+关系代词”结构引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词800 tourists,指人,且在从句中作介词的宾语,故用whom。句意:截至8月底,该项目开展了近40次一日野生蘑菇采集活动,服务近800名游客,其中95%以上来自省外。
⑧名词复数graduate在此作可数名词,意为“大学毕业生”,其前没有冠词修饰。故填graduates。
⑨介词。pay a visit to“参观”,是固定短语。句意:一位从四川专程到云南一日游的游客说:“我的孩子喜欢蘑菇,我们想给他一个机会去体验大自然的奇迹,并提供一次教育体验。”
⑩冠词。experience在此意为“(一次)经历,体验”,是可数名词。结合语境“一次教育体验”可知,此处表泛指,且educational发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
4.答案：considered；for；It；have been preferred；hugely；were；and；a；products；stressing
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：龙是中国12年生肖周期中的第五只动物，被认为是神话和财富的象征。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词，Chinese Loong和consider为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填considered。
②考查介词。句意：某电子商务平台的数据显示，通过其在线市场搜索与龙有关的商品已达到2300万次。search for为固定搭配，意为“搜索……”。故填for。
③考查代词。句意：据说，自今年1月以来，以龙为主题的日用品、酒类和黄金首饰等商品受到了消费者的青睐。It is said that…为固定句型，意为“据说”，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。
④考查动词时态语态。句意同上。空处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“since January”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语goods with dragon-themed elements和prefer为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词使用have。故填have been preferred。
⑤考查副词。句意：这种购买热情有望极大地提振消费者信心，促进消费复苏。修饰动词boost，需用副词hugely，作状语。故填hugely。
⑥考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：90后和00后的消费占比接近55%，而广东、北京和江苏的消费者是龙类商品的前三名。空处为并列句的谓语动词，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为consumers，be动词用were。故填were。
⑦考查连词。句意：因为龙是中国传统文化和好运的重要象征，中国消费者表达了他们对新的一年更好生活的希望。Chinese traditional culture和good luck为并列成分，需用连词and连接。故填and。
⑧考查冠词。句意同上。life为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且better发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
⑨考查名词。句意：一位研究员表示:“品牌应该利用中国传统文化来推出更多创新产品。”他强调春节是中国人最重视的传统节日，也是消费旺季。空处需填名词作宾语，product为可数名词，结合“more”可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填products。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词said，空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，a research fellow和stress为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填stressing。
二、能力提升
5.答案：①greatest②was born③in④to do⑤Eventually⑥and⑦the⑧importance⑨which⑩classes
解析：本文是一篇人物传记 。文章主要介绍了我国春秋时期著名的教育家 、政治家 、哲学家孔子 。
①greatest 考查形容词的最高级 。根据句意及空前的 one of可知，此处填所给形容词的最高级 。
②was born 考查动词的时态和语态 。根据空后的时间状语 in 551 BCE during China ,s “Spring and Autumn Period”（771-476 BCE）可知，此处用所给动词的一般过去时；又因为动词 bear 与主语 Confucius 之间存在 动宾关系，故此处填一般过去时的被动语态 。
③in 考查介词。“in return”意为“作为回报 ”，为固定搭配 。
④to do 考查非谓语动词 。分析句子成分可知，此处用所给动词的不定式作名词 thing 的后置定语 。
⑤Eventually 考查词形转换 。此处用所给形容词的副词形式作空后句子的状语（首字母小写的不给分）。
⑥and 考查连词 。分析该句成分可知，空前的动词 noticed 和空后的动词 offered 属于并列关系，故填并列连 词 and 。
⑦the 考查冠词 。“for the rest of+时间 ”意为“在接下来的时间里 ”，为固定用法 。
⑧importance 考查词形转换 。此处用所给形容词的名词形式作空前介词 about 的宾语 。
⑨which 考查定语从句 。分析句子结构可知，此处引导的是一个限制性定语从句；从句缺少宾语，先行词为
China's first school，指物，故填关系代词 which 。此处的 in which相当于关系副词 where。
⑩classes 考查名词复数 。根据空前的 all 以及 class 为可数名词可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式 。
6.答案：①was held②completed③innovation④further⑤to achieve⑥turning⑦times⑧currently⑨which⑩The
解析：①考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2023年2月24日，为纪念中国载人航天30周年，一场盛大的展览在北京国家博物馆举行。hold(举行)是句中谓语动词，与主语a grand exhibition之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语in February 24, 2023，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was held。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：此次展览展出了中国新建成的空间站模型、著名的长征火箭模型、中国探月任务的未来模型以及历史纪念品，讲述了中国三十年来的创新和发展。动词complete(完成)作定语修饰名词space station，用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语space station之间是被动关系，且动作已经完成，用过去分词表被动和完成。故填completed。
③考查名词。句意：此次展览展出了中国新建成的空间站模型、著名的长征火箭模型、中国探月任务的未来模型以及历史纪念品，讲述了中国三十年来的创新和发展。提示词与名词development是并列关系，作介词宾语，也用名词形式innovation，意为“创新”，抽象名词不可数。故填innovation。
④考查副词比较级。句意：进入新时代，中国人民将更进一步探索，用我们的探索为全人类做出贡献。副词far修饰动词explore，结合句意和副词even可知，表示“更进一步”，用副词比较级further。故填further。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说，自1992年该计划启动以来，中国人民一直致力于在太空探索方面取得新的进展和突破。根据句意，“(achieve) new advances and breakthroughs in space exploration”是“consistently worked”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to achieve。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，我们努力建设中国空间站，把我们以前的中国“三步走”梦想变成了现实。根据句意，“(turn) our previous China’s ‘three-step’ dream into a reality”作结果状语，turn是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，表示“情理之中”的结果。故填turning。
⑦考查名词的数。句意：据中国运载火箭技术研究院总设计师张志介绍，中国下一代运载火箭的推力超过2600吨，是长征五号乙运载火箭的三倍。表示“次数、倍数”时，time是可数名词，由数词three修饰，用复数形式。故填times。
⑧考查副词。句意：长征五号乙是目前中国最强大的重型运载火箭，负责运送中国空间站的核心模块和两个实验室模块。提示词在句中作时间状语，用副词currently，意为“现时，目前”。故填currently。
⑨考查定语从句。句意：长征五号乙是目前中国最强大的重型运载火箭，负责运送中国空间站的核心模块和两个实验室模块。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Long March-5B，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。
⑩考查冠词。句意：展览共持续了三个月。句中exhibition指代上文中提到的“2023年2月24日在北京国家博物馆举行的展览”，特指，用定冠词the限定；句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
7.答案：①a②spoken③or④its⑤said⑥to communicate⑦why⑧beginner⑨important⑩culturally
解析：①考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，communication graduate 是可数名词,所以需要使用不定冠词表示泛指,故填 a。
②考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用过去分词作定语修饰名词languages,故填spoken。
③考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，one way与another 表示“一种方式”“其他方式”,两者是并列、选择关系，故填or。
④考查代词。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处表示中国人民,因此需要使用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
⑤考查时态。根据时间状语last Wednesday 可知,应用一般过去时，故填said。
⑥考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处communicate是非谓语动词,与主语her是主动关系,因此需要使用动词不定式的主动形式，故填to communicate.
⑦考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句，先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
⑧考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用名词置于不定冠词a后，故填 beginner。
⑨考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用形容词作定语修饰名词part,故填important。
⑩考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处需要使用副词修饰形容词rich,故填 culturally。
8.答案：①twelfth②thunderstorms③reaches④when⑤from⑥and⑦fully⑧drunk⑨is made⑩which
解析：本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大暑节气以及大暑节气的一些习俗。
①考查序数词。句意:大暑是二十四节气中的第十二个节气，也是夏季的最后一个节气。空格前有定冠词the，所以需要用序数词;此处指的是“第十二个节气”。故填twelfth。
②考查名词。句意:大暑是一年中日照最强、气温最高的一个节气，是一年中酷热、雷暴频发、雨量充沛的一个节气。thunderstorm意为“雷雨，雷暴”可数名词，此处指的是频发的雷雨，所以需要用复数。故填thunderstorms。
③考查一般现在时与主谓一致。句意:它是一年中最猛烈、最热的节气，“湿热交叉蒸”也在这个时候达到顶峰。此处描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为“湿热交叉蒸”为单数，所以位于动词用单数。故填reaches。
④考查定语从句。句意:大暑是指暴雨和高温交替发生在全国大部分地区的季节。空格处为定语从句的关系词，先从词为season，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。
⑤考查介词。句意:伏姜原籍山西、河南等地。originate from意为“起源于”;此处指的是起源于山西、河南等地。故填from。
⑥考查连词。句意:在三伏天，人们会将姜切片，与红糖一起搅拌，放入容器中，用纱布盖上，在太阳下晒干。“put it in a container”与“cover it with gauze”为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
⑦考查副词。句意:这款完全集成的产品在寒冷的季节具有温暖的保健效果。空格处位于形容词之前，修饰形容词，所以需要用副词fully。故填fully。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意:伏茶，顾名思义，是传统上在三伏天喝的茶。空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动。故填drunk。
⑨考查被动语态与主谓一致。句意:这种茶由金银花、夏枯草、甘草等十多种中草药制成，具有消暑降温的作用。空格处需要填入谓语动词，句子的主语为This kind of tea，茶为被制作，所以要用被动语态，句子描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，所以be动词用is。故填is made。
⑩考查定语从句。句意:这种茶由金银花、夏枯草、甘草等十多种中草药制成，具有消暑降温的作用。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的关系词;先行词为honeysuckle, prunella, and licorice，所以用which引导定语从句。故填which。
三、拓展训练
9.答案：①based②a③inviting④led⑤to host⑥possibly⑦when⑧into⑨diversity⑩economic
解析：这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了基于去年活动的成功，今年旧金山各地将举办多个夜市。介绍了夜市的举办情况。
①考查非谓语动词。句意:旧金山，2024年3月2日(SFStandard)-基于去年活动的成功，今年旧金山各地将举办多个夜市。短语be based on表示“基于”，过去分词作状语。故填based。
②考查冠词。句意:该活动由非营利组织“唐人街”组织，将在活动的同时提供传统的中国食物。organization为泛指，且nonprofit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
③考查形容词。句意:另一个大型夜市-日落夜市预计将于6月回归，该夜市有着诱人的表演，去年这个活动非常成功的负责人乔尔·恩加迪奥说。修饰名词performances应用形容词inviting，故填inviting。
④考查时态。句意:另一个大型夜市-日落夜市预计将于6月回归，该夜市有着诱人的表演，去年这个活动非常成功的负责人乔尔·恩加迪奥说。根据后文last year可知为一般过去时。故填led。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意:恩加迪奥说，该市正在挑选主办夜市的供应商，他预计今年下半年会有更多的夜市活动，可能会在欧文和诺列加大街上举行。select sb to do sth是固定句型，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to host。
⑥考查副词。句意:恩加迪奥说，该市正在挑选主办夜市的供应商，他预计今年下半年会有更多的夜市活动，可能会在欧文和诺列加大街上举行。修饰后文介词短语应用副词possibly，故填possibly。
⑦考查状语从句。句意:“我们希望参与者的体验就像你去曼谷的夜市一样。”根据句意可知，介词like后应用表示时间的连接副词when引导宾语从句。故填when。
⑧考查介词。句意:该活动是为市中心注入活力的努力的一部分，将提供一个适合家庭活动、美食和音乐的空间。短语breathe life into表示“注入活力”。故填into。
⑨考查名词。句意:“这些投资对于庆祝城市的多样性至关重要，同时也为我们的经济活力做出了贡献。”作动词的宾语，应用名词diversity。故填diversity。
⑩考查形容词。句意:“这些投资对于庆祝城市的多样性至关重要，同时也为我们的经济活力做出了贡献。”修饰名词vitality应用形容词economic。故填economic。
10.答案：①in②but③carrying④was moved⑤accessible⑥than⑦successfully⑧where⑨set⑩a
解析：本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2024年巴黎奥运会开幕式的情况。
①考查介词。句意:尽管下着细雨，但巴黎以其独特的浪漫方式兑现了为2024年奥运会拉开帷幕的承诺。in ... manner意为“以……方式”为固定短语，此处指的是以其独特的浪漫方式。故填in。
②考查固定搭配。句意:不是传统的方式，也不是最安全的方式，但肯定是最巴黎的方式法国首都把风景如画的塞纳河中部变成了一个巨大的露天剧院，让世界惊叹不已。空格前后是转折关系，not ... but ...意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:来自205个国家的85艘载着运动员的船只驶入奥运会的聚光灯下，在河两岸、阳台和窗户上观看的人们为他们欢呼。空格处需要填入非谓语动词;逻辑主语boats与carry之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词;此处作后置定语，修饰boats。故填carrying。
④考查被动语态。句意:这是现代奥运会历史上第一次将开幕式移出体育场，在主办城市的中心举行，这使得比传统的体育场观众更多的人可以参加庆祝活动和艺术表演。空格处作谓语，根据For the first time in the history of modern Olympics可知，句子用一般过去时;主语是the Games' opening ceremony，第三人称单数形式，和谓语move是被动关系，故用一般过去时被动语态。故填was moved。
⑤考查形容词。句意:这是现代奥运会历史上第一次将开幕式移出体育场，在主办城市的中心举行，这使得比传统的体育场观众更多的人可以参加庆祝活动和艺术表演。此处作宾语补足语，make sb/sth +adj.使某人/某物怎么样;所以需要填入形容词。access入口，通道，名词，形容词是accessible，可到达的，可进入的;易得到的。故填accessible。
⑥考查介词。句意:这是现代奥运会历史上第一次将开幕式移出体育场，在主办城市的中心举行，这使得比传统的体育场观众更多的人可以参加庆祝活动和艺术表演。根据空格前面的more people可知，此处填介词than。故填than。
⑦考查副词。句意:这一大胆的创新，克服了无数挑战，在世界上最大的舞台上成功形成，Lady Gaga和席琳·迪翁等世界著名歌手在这里表演，激起了观众的反应，呼应了2024年巴黎奥运会的官方口号“奥运会开放”。空格处修饰动词took，用副词，success成功，名词，副词是successfully ,成功地。故填successfully。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:这一大胆的创新，克服了无数挑战，在世界上最大的舞台上成功形成，Lady Gaga和席琳·迪翁等世界著名歌手在这里表演，激起了观众的反应，呼应了2024年巴黎奥运会的官方口号“奥运会开放”。空格处是一个非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词是stage，在从句中作地点状语，所以用where。故填where。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:运动员队伍从奥斯特里茨桥出发，沿着塞纳河航行，经过两岸的众多纪念碑和12个水上和陆地上的艺术场景，仿佛奥运选手们正在重温法国丰富的历史和文化遗产。此句sailed是谓语动词部分，set设置，是动词，应用非谓语动词形式，此处作后置定语，修饰名词12 artistic tableaux，set和12 artistic tableaux是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填set。
⑩考查冠词。句意:法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙随后宣布奥运会开幕，一场壮观的灯光秀拉开帷幕，从埃菲尔铁塔发射的激光束照亮了巴黎的夜晚。空格处位于可数名词show单数之前，表示泛指，用不定冠词，spectacular发音是以辅音音素开头的，所以用a。故填a。
11.答案：①leading②which③construction④dangerous⑤to mention⑥it⑦completely⑧was rebuilt⑨to⑩is
解析：本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会。蜀道，是古代由外界通往蜀地的道路。蜀道穿越秦岭和大巴山，山高谷深，道路崎岖，难以通行，诗仙李白曾作《蜀道难》一诗，具言蜀道之艰难。
①leading 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语形式。all roads与lead之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
②which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为名词line，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which。
③construction 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处作主语，根据空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，用名词形式。Construction“建造，施工”，为不可数名词。
④dangerous 考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰名词mountains。
⑤to mention 考查非谓语动词。be inspired to do sth. “被激励做某事”。
⑥it 考查代词。此处用it作found的形式宾语，其真正的宾语是后面的不定式to continue。
⑦completely 考查词性转换。修饰谓语部分，应用副词completely。
⑧was rebuilt 考查动词时态及语态。根据句意可知，The plank road与rebuild之间为被动关系，且表示过去（战争时期）的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
⑨to 考查介词。give rise to sth. “使发生（或存在）”。
⑩is 考查主谓一致及时态。根据句意可知，主语是The Sword Gate Pass,且表示一般情况，故用第三人称的单数形式。
12.答案：①emphasis②fighting③a④when⑤to⑥named⑦finally⑧has spread⑨was⑩that/which
解析：①考查名词。句意：咏春拳风格以强调技术而不是力量而闻名。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，构成短语：place emphasis on，意为“强调……”，符合句意。故填emphasis。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：这种风格也要求练习者在战斗时保持放松，使他们达到一种柔软或灵活。这里为状语从句的省略，完全形式为：while they are fighting，省略主语+be，用现在分词表示动作的同时发生。故填fighting。
③考查冠词。句意：这种放松的柔韧性赋予咏春拳运动员一种特殊的力量，使他们能够像竹子一样弯曲而不是折断。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。构成短语：a kind of，意为“一种……”。故填a。
④考查状语从句。句意：相传咏春拳创始人五枚师太正住在少林寺时，少林寺遭到清朝军队的袭击和摧毁。这里为状语从句的连接词，意为“当……时”，用连接词“when”。故填when。
⑤考查介词。句意：在袭击中幸存下来，她逃到了云南和四川的边境地区。根据句意可知，空处指的是“逃往……”，用介词to，构成短语：escape to，意为“逃到某地”。故填to。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为她最优秀的学生之一。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a young woman”和动词“name”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填named。
⑦考查副词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为她最优秀的学生之一。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词担当本句的状语。故填finally。
⑧考查时态。句意：在过去的两百年里，这种新的武术已经传播并发展成不同的分支。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past two hundred years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“this new martial art”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has spread。
⑨考查时态和主谓一致。句意：叶问，同名热门电影中的主角，是一位著名的咏春拳练习者。这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Ip Man”，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：他还教他的学生李小龙咏春拳，李小龙后来出演了深受喜爱的香港功夫电影，这些电影使中国武术闻名世界。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Hong Kong kung fu movies”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填that/which。