新概念英语第二册谓语和简单句型 课件(共25张PPT)

(共25张PPT)
并列谓语就是句子的谓语部分由一个并列结构充当，是两个谓语的并列。例如：
Leah jumped on her bike and rode around the block.
并列谓语
并列谓语
1
该句也可以视为省略了主语的并列句Leah jumped on her bike and (she) rode around the block。
提示
双重谓语：指在同一个分句中同时含有简单谓语和名词性复合谓语，是将两个谓语合二为一的谓语结构。例如：
They parted good friends.
特征1：含有两个谓语（简单谓语和名词性复合谓语），同时说明主语的行为及特征等。
特征2：简单谓语主要由某些不及物动词充当，在句中弱化为连系动词，起着既表行为又表状态的双重作用。常用的这类动词有rise，lie，die，stand，sit，come，leave，part，marry等。
双重谓语
2
特征3：名词性复合谓语（或叫主语补语）可由形容词词组、名词词组、介词词组、分词分句等充当。例如：
1. The sun rose red. (= When the sun rose, it was red.)
2. He died a beggar. (= He was a beggar when he died.)
3. He ran into the room out of breath．(= He was out of
太阳升起红艳艳。
他死时是个乞丐。
breath when he ran into the room.)
他冲进房间时已是上气不接下气。
（1）双重谓语句常可视为SV和SVC句型的结合体；
（2）双重谓语句结构简单，表意丰富，如果运用得当，可收到言简意赅、生动活泼的效果，写作中可以模仿使用；
（3）双重谓语句常用在文学语言中；
（4）双重谓语句也可有其他解释，如将名词性复合谓语解释为“伴随状语”。
提示
例1：
*All men are created equally.
√ All men are created equal. （相当于All men are equal when they are created.）
例2：
Translation: 妈妈静静地坐在那里，想起了她的过去。
*Mother sat there silently, thinking of her past.
√ Mother sat there silent, thinking of her past. （相当于Mother sat there and was silent ...）
典型错误
3
备注
备注
SVOC句型中的动词为“复杂宾语及物动词”，这类动词的主要类别及SVOC句型的特点如下。
复杂宾语及物动词主要类别
1、表示致使、要求、指派等意义的动词
make / let / have / get / keep…; ask / force / advise / instruct / forbid / encourage / permit / expect…; appoint / choose / name / call / elect…; paint / push / pull…
2、表示感官及心理思维活动的动词
see / watch / hear / notice; think / find / consider / suppose / believe; can’t bear / hate / like; intend / want / wish / would like / prefer / rely on…
关于SVOC句型
1
与上述动词不同，英语中还有少数动词可以用as或for引导宾语补语，构成SVOC句型，这些动词如：regard / treat / recognize / interpret…; take / mistake…。
提示
“宾语+宾补”在语义上是一个整体，结构上密不可分。
比如，我们不能说： *I wish the work.
我们可以说：I wish the work to be finished this week.
在逻辑意义上，宾语与补语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，具体表现为两种情形：
(1) 主—补型，即补语说明宾语的性质、状态、特征等。
e.g.
SVOC句型的特点
补语为形容词词组、名词词组、介词词组，或不定式为“to be”时通常为这种情形。
提示
1
备注
2
They painted the walls creamy white. (The walls were
creamy white.)
We all know him to be a good man. (He is a good man.)
(2) 主—动型，即补语表示宾语的动作。
e.g.
补语为动词不定式（不含to be）、-ing分词、-ed分词时通常属该情形。
提示
3
谓语动词的类别和性质不同，宾补的表现形式也不同。有时主要是名词、形容词、介词词组，有时则主要是动词不定式、分词等。例如：
We call him Teddy.
Do you consider him trustworthy
What makes you in such a hurry
His tutor instructed him to draw everything he could.
I noticed him entering the office. (He was entering the
office.)
You must get them to come over here. (They come over here.)
He couldn’t make his voice heard. (His voice was heard.)
在SVOC句型中，如果宾语带有较长的修饰语，宾语往往后置于补语之后，变成SVCO。
e.g.
提示
I smell something burning.
You must have your hair cut.
备注
She has proved wrong the forecasts made by the country’s leading
economic experts.
这是句尾重心原则在起作用。
SV和SVA
区分的关键：状语在结构上是否必须（obligatory）。例如：
Springtime has arrived at last. 春天终于到了。（SV）
A light heart lives long. 心胸坦荡寿命长。（SVA）
SVO和SVOA
区分的关键：状语在结构上是否必须（obligatory）。例如：
(1) He folded the paper carefully.
(2) They treated her kindly. 他们待她很好。（ SVOA ）
区分SV和SVA、SVO和SVOA
1
备注
2
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他小心地把那张纸折起来。（SVO）
区分SV / SVA及SVO / SVOA的关键是看如果缺少状语部分句子结构的完整性如何。若缺少状语，尽管意义有所不同，但是句子结构仍然完整，则为SV / SVO；否则，则为SVA / SVOA。
SVA和SVOA这两种句型只限于少数几个动词的某些用法，如live，stay，lie，fly，last，put，bring，drive，leave，treat等，这些动词由于词汇意义的关系使得状语对于保持谓语含义的“完整性”来说是必不可少的。
提示1
提示2
熟悉简单句的扩大手段不仅可以丰富我们的表达，而且可助力我们分析长难句。
1. 句型扩大的主要语法手段
（1）在各个层次增加修饰成分：
Clause + Modifiers
Phrase + Modifiers
Word + Modifiers
（2）使用并列结构和/或从属分句：
Clause + Clause
﹄Clause ﹄Clause

2. 分析理解长难句的基本步骤
（1）通过谓语动词，找出句子的主干结构；
基本句型对英语学习的重要意义——分析理解长难句
（2）通过并列连词、从属连词、标点符号等，切分出主从结构；
（3）找出修饰成分；
（4）理清结构关系。
例如：
It was appropriate, [therefore], that the 2nd Armored Division,
C1 C2
(“Hell on Wheels”), was designated to prove the theory that, [through a combination of prepositioned heavy equipment and mass airlift], major combat units can be rapidly moved from the
C3
United States to overseas theaters [during periods of increased international tensions] and can be ready for combat there [in a matter of a few days]. （《教程》P17[1]）

①、这句话谓语动词是was，是一个以SVC结构为基本构架的复杂句。
②、由两个从属连词that可以切分出三个分句，C1, C2和C3。
③、therefore是连接性状语，“Hell on Wheels”是同位语，through a combination of prepositioned heavy equipment and mass airlift是方式状语，during periods of increased international tensions是时间状语，in a matter of a few days是时间状语。
④、结构关系图：
备注
C1 （SVC）
C3 that-分句 (A + SVOA句型被动态 + A + and + VCA + A )
C2 that-分句 (SVOA句型被动态)
therefore
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Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement
A.
B.
C.
D.
The front door remained locked.
The boy looked disappointed.
Nancy appeared worried.
He seemed to have no money left.
该题考查基本句型SVOC。选项A、B、C中的remained，looked和appeared均为连系动词，其后的形容词locked，disappointed和worried在句中都作主语补语，构成SVC句型。D项中的动词词组为seemed to have，中心词have为及物动词，其后的no money为其宾语，left用来说明no money的状况，因此是宾语no money的补语，所以选D。
下列哪句话的斜体部分用作宾语补语？
Xinchun returned from aboard a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
appositive (同位语)
object
adverbial
complement
该题考查英语中的双重谓语现象。双重谓语可以理解为某些不及物动词兼作连系动词，既表行为又表状态，其后可接形容词词组、名词词组、介词词组、分词分句等作补语。该句可视为“Xinchun became a different man when he returned from abroad”中两个分句合二为一的简洁版，名词词组a different man说明主语Xinchun的状态，作主语补语，因此D为正确答案。相关内容可参见《教程》P14。
Xinchun returned from aboard a different man（辛春从国外回来像是变了一个人）句中的斜体部分充当什么成分？
3. Which of the following sentences has an object complement？
A.
B.
C.
D.
The directors appointed John manager.
I gave Mary a Christmas present.
You have done Peter a favor.
She is teaching children English.
该题考查简单句的基本句型SVOC。A项中的manager是对John的身份作补充说明，充当宾语John的补语，因此A为正确答案。B、C、D都是SVoO句型，不含补语。
下列哪句话中含有宾语补语？
本讲主要介绍了主谓结构，简单句的基本句型，以及基本句型对分析理解长难句的重要意义。学习中建议抓住简单句的基本句型这个关键，通过动词的不同类别掌握基本句型的不同类型，在此基础上领会句子转换与扩大的手段，通过不断的练习学会分析理解长难句。课后练习2B需要认真揣摩，学会调用各种语法手段连接句子，建议学完第21、22、23、31、32、34讲之后再重温这个练习，灵活运用句法规则表达复杂连贯的思想。此外，双重谓语现象值得重视，建议阅读中留心观察，写作中模仿使用，增加表现力。
①On August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima (广岛).②The bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the ground.③Within the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of expanding gas, millions of degrees hot. The air itself around the point of explosion began to burn. A shower of penetrating invisible rays attacked every living or dead thing in the town. Then followed a shock-wave (冲击波) which shattered the buildings and ④a tremendous blast of hot air (热浪) whirled the debris of stone, concrete, metal, and wood over the ground. The explosion killed at least 140,000 people and left tens of thousands of others maimed or disfigured for life.
⑤Three days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki (长崎) the same fatal blow. It killed an
estimated 54,000 people and ⑥made one and a half square miles of the city an expanse of reddish rubble.⑦Within the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by a monster steam-roller.
Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through our bedroom windows.
It made air conditioning unnecessary.
It made a light blanket welcome.
Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome.
/ Sweeping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night, the cooling northeast wind made air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome.
几乎每年夏夜，凉爽的东北风都会从我们卧室的窗户吹过，因此空调就不需要了，而薄毯子倒颇受欢迎。
The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow.
The snow fed two streams.
These streams plunged down to join in the valley below.
The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plunging down to join in the valley below.
四周陡峭的山坡被白雪覆盖，积雪融水流入两条小溪，溪水冲入下方的山谷。
Jim stood in front of the mirror.
He looked at his image.
He wondered at the big change.
It had come over him in recent years.
Standing in front of the mirror, Jim looked at his image, wondering at the big change that had come over him in recent years.
吉米站在镜子前，望着自己的形象，他不明白为什么最近几年的时间自己竟会发生如此大的变化。
He had greatly wronged his only daughter.
She might never forgive him.
The idea almost drove him crazy.
The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive him almost drove him crazy.
他太委屈他的独生女了，他女儿可能永远也不会原谅他，这些想法几乎让他发疯。
Far above the waters of a beautiful lake stand five pavilions.
The pavilions are in Chinese style.
They stand over the tops of the tall pine trees.
The pine trees grow on the steep slopes of a hill.
Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pine trees growing on the steep slopes of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.
陡峭的山坡上生长着高大的松树，高高的松树上方、美丽的湖面远方矗立着五个中式亭子。
Sarah sank in the nearest chair.
She was completely exhausted.
Her limbs were stiff with cold.
Her mind was a piece of blank.
Sarah sank in the nearest chair, completely exhausted, her limbs stiff with cold, her mind a piece of blank.
莎拉累得筋疲力尽，一屁股坐到最近的椅子上，冻得四肢僵硬，头脑一片空白。