被动语态
概念:语态是一种动词形式,用于说明主语和谓语动词间的关系。
类别 用法 示例
主动语态 主语执行动作 We often clean the blackboard.
被动语态 主语接受动作(被) The blackboard is often cleaned. The blackboard is often cleaned by us.
二、 被动语态的基本结构
主语 + be + 动词过去分词(done)
如果需要表明谁做的通过 :by + 动作执行者
Everyone respect him.
变被动句:
三、 被动语态与时态的搭配
一般现在时:am / is / are + done
They use the room.
变被动句:
一般过去时:was / were + done
He wrote many stories last year.
变被动句:
一般将来时:will / shall be + done
They are going to publish the book.
变被动句:
现在进行时:am / is / are being + done
Lucy is cleaning her car now.
变被动句:
过去进行时:was/ were being + done
They were making a model plane at that time.
变被动句:
现在完成时:have / has been + done
She has learned many English words.
变被动句:
过去完成时:had been + done
Before Tom came here, he had finished his homework.
变被动句:
情态动词:情态动词 + be done
You must answer the question in English.
变被动句:
练习:
据报道(it’s reported that ...),这次事故中大约有三百人死亡。
这个杯了昨天被 David打碎了。
这件外衣是棉制的(be made of)。
.
校运会(sports meeting)将在下周三下午举行。
作业应该准时(on time)上交(hand in)。
那些书被个10岁大的女孩写。
那座桥自从两年前已经被建成了。
黑板和粉笔正在被电脑和投影仪(projector)所取代(replace)。
这本书到今年年底将已经出版(publish)。
电脑模型(model)可以用来演示(demonstrate)化学实验(chemical experiment)。
相反(in contrast),一些人被城市的便利吸引(attract)。
年轻人应该被鼓励做更有意义的事情,比如:阅读、学习、锻炼。
然而,考试仍然被认为是唯一可靠(reliable)且可行的(feasible)用来检验(measure)一个人知识和技能的方法。
首先,大学宿舍(dormitory)通常位于校园里(on campus),因此对学生而言,去教室、图书馆和其他大学场馆(facility)都很方便。
四、主动形式表被动意义
1用某些不及物动词的主动语态表示被动意义
(1)某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词,如:lock, shut, open, move,read,write,sell,wash,clean, catch, draw, cut等,其主语大多指物。
Silk doesn’t wash well.
The book sold well and was reprinted many times.
只有主动含义, 这类词有:weigh,measure,cost, spread, last, happen, break out, take place
This wall measures 10 metres long.
The news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly.
2用某些系动词的主动语态表示被动意义
主要是指物作主语的系动词,可用主动形式表被动意义。
如:feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,remain,stay,appear等。
My mouth felt completely dry.
The whole story sounded very odd.
3不定式的主动语态表示被动意义
(1)不定式在easy,difficult,fit等形容词之后
The book is easy to understand.
The problem is difficult to settle.
作定语用的不定式可与其所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系
I have a letter to write.
She has something to say.
某些作表语用的不定式,也可用表示被动意义。
此类常见的动词有:let(出租),rent,hire,blame等。
Am I to blame
The house is to let.
4用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义
在need,want,require,deserve等词后,用可用 动名词 或者 被动形式 表示被动
The matter wants looking into.