课件37张PPT。第1讲 形容词和副词2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅰ专题2 形容词、副词、介词和介词短语专题2 形容词、副词、介词和介词短语1．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，节选)As_____________
(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
2．(2015·高考广东卷，语法填空，节选)_________(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.考点一 词类转换naturalLuckily3．Keeping a diary in English is one of the most __________
(effect)ways to improve our English writing ability. effective高考对形容词或副词的考查重点为能根据提示词写出正确的形容词或副词词形，以及能正确分辨同根词的形容词和副词的用法区别。
解题重点在于了解语篇型语法填空要填的词或短文改错中要改的词在句中所作的成分、所起的作用。形容词用来修饰名
词，副词用来修饰形容词或动词。形容词在句中可作定语、表语或补足语，副词在句中作状语。这就要求考生在日常学习中要熟记形容词、副词构词法。1．形容词的构成
常见的形容词后缀充满……的;有……性质
(或倾向的)useful 有用的
successful 成功的
plentiful 丰富的
helpful 有帮助的
meaningful 有意义的
peaceful 和平的
powerful 强大的
thankful 感激的
hopeful 有希望的
forgetful 健忘的多……的greedy 贪婪的
wealthy 富有的
healthy 健康的……国家的；有……性质的；像……似的childish 孩子般的
foolish 愚蠢的无……的，没有……的speechless 哑口无言的
harmless 无害的
hopeless 绝望的
meaningless 没有意义的有……性质的dangerous 危险的
glorious 光荣的能……的，可以……的enjoyable 高兴的
movable 可移动的
available 可利用的
comfortable 舒服的
valuable 有价值的
reasonable 合理的
accessible 可接近的
affordable 支付得起的与……有关的；表示过程或状态cultural 文化的
personal 私人的
musical 音乐的
natural 自然的
special 特别的
digital 数码的
environmental 环境的
original 起初的；
原创的与……有关的有……倾向的；有……属性的attractive 迷人的
talkative 健谈的
constructive 建设性的
sensitive 敏感的
productive 多产的
effective 有效的
instructive 有教育意义的imaginary 虚构的；
想象的
revolutionary 革命性的
contradictory 矛盾的与……有关的；
动作(或行为)……的historic 历史性的；
有重大历史
意义的
heroic 英雄的；
英勇的是……的；处于……状态frequent 频繁的
significant 有重大意义的
resistant 抵抗的；
反对的
important 重要的
permanent 永久的
convenient 方便的
evident 明显的
efficient 生效的有……的；以……为特征的colored 有色的
limited 有限的
surrounded 被……围
绕的
wooded 木制的
pointed 尖的以……方式；具有……性质manly 有男子气
概的
brotherly 情同手足的
friendly 友好的像……的引起(或易于)……的childlike 孩子般的troublesome 引起麻烦的
tiresome 令人厌烦的带有……属性的regular 规则的；有规
律的2.形容词变副词的规则
(1)一些以辅音字母加－y结尾的形容词变为副词形式时，把－y改为－i，再加－ly，如：easy—easily，angry—angrily，noisy—noisily。
(2)以－ble或－le结尾的形容词变为副词形式时去－e加－y，如：possible—possibly，terrible—terribly，simple—simply，comfortable—comfortably。
(3)以－ue结尾的形容词变为副词形式时去e加－ly，如：true—truly。
(4)以－l结尾的形容词变为副词形式时在词尾加－ly，如：usual—usually，careful—carefully。
(5)以－ll结尾的形容词变为副词形式时在词尾加－y，如：full—fully。单句语法填空
1．(2015·江西南昌调研)He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant____________(angry)．
2．(2015·江西南昌调研)Crum reacted in his _________
(usually) way.He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil.angrilyusual3．(2015·太原第二阶段测评)At the time，I suppose，I
thought I was poor.Sometimes，we don’t realize how
____________(fortune) we are，do we?
4．(2015·山东滕州市4月模拟)His name was Fleming，and he was a poor Scottish farmer.One day，he saved a_________
(terrify) boy from a black bog(沼泽) by accident.fortunateterrified1．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空，改编)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours____________(early)，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with its choking smog.
2．(2015·潍坊检测)I can hardly believe that Betty can speak Chinese as ____________(fluent) as we do.
3．(2014·高考辽宁卷，语法填空，节选)The __________
(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.考点二 形容词、副词比较等级earlierfluentlyharder一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1．规则变化greatgreatergreatestbrave
latebraver
laterbravest
latestbig
hotbigger
hotterbiggest
hottesthappyhappierhappiestdifficult
expensivemore difficult more expensivemost
difficult
most
expensive易错警示
以－er，－ow结尾的双音节形容词末尾加－er和－est，如：clever和narrow等。2.不规则变化
betterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastfarther(多指距离)/
further(多指程度)farthest/furt－
hestolder/elderoldest/eldest易错警示
further 不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。如：further education(深造), further information(进一步的
信息)等。二、形容词、副词比较级用法
1．表示“……比……更……”用“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”结构。
?—Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
——从国外进口的产品并不一定比中国的好。
—Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.
——是的，国内制造的一些东西质量也很好。
2．the＋比较级＋of the two(两者中较……的一个)。
?The taller of the two boys is my brother.
两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。3．“the＋形容词/副词比较级，the＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
?The more you’ve learned，the better equipped for the future you’ll be.
你学得越多，为未来所作的准备就越充分。名师指津
1．比较级前可用a little，a bit，a little bit，slightly等修饰，表示“稍微，一点儿”。
?It’s a little bit colder today than it was yesterday.
今天比昨天稍冷一点儿。
2．比较级前可用much，far，a lot，a good deal，a great deal，rather等修饰，表示“……得多”。
?There are far more people than we expected.
人比我们预计的多得多。三、形容词、副词最高级
1．最高级可用by far，much，almost，nearly及序数词修
饰，表示程度或顺序。
?The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。
2．“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。
?Your story is perfect；I’ve never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。四、倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
(4)A is＋倍数＋than/those of＋B
?It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
＝It’s said that the power plant is now twice the size of what it was.据说发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。
?It is reported that the United States consumes four times as much energy as the whole of Africa.
据报道，美国消耗的能源是整个非洲的四倍。单句语法填空
1．(2015·济南模拟)I now turn out to be a great speaker.
Looking back, I know the ____________(great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear，overcome it，and we will be able to achieve our goals.
2．(2015·河北唐山统一考试)But when he was 11 years old, he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much____________(tall)．greatesttaller3．(2015·唐山一中仿真模拟一)However, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even__________
(young) ages.
4．(2015·山东临沂高三二模)Nowadays，the ice bucket
challenge is among the____________(hot) news of all.youngerhottest技法1 巧析结构定答案
分析句子结构并确定所填词在句子中所作的成分是词性转换题的关键所在。比如：作定语、表语或补足语用形容词；作
状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，要用副词。有时，根
据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，词义需要发生变化，但词性不
一定要变时，要注意与词根意义相反的派生词，需要在词根
前加一些前缀，如un－，im－，in－，il－，dis－，mis－
等，或在词根后加一些后缀，如－less等。 (2014·高考辽宁卷，语法填空，节选)I cannot control my body well.My legs become____________(pain)．
【解析】 become为系动词，其后需要跟形容词作表语，构成系表结构，故答案为painful。painful技法2 妙用标志(词)定答案
有时设空处前后有一些比较等级的标志词或修饰语，如：
than，much，of all等，考生可以利用这些信息快速确定
答案。 (2015·高考湖南卷，完形填空，节选)While finding information is easier than ever，at the same time，
researching has become ________________(complex)．
【解析】 根据前文的than可知设空处应该填提示词的比较级形式。more complex本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件33张PPT。第2讲 介词和介词短语专题2 形容词、副词、介词和介词短语2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅰ专题2 形容词、副词、介词和介词短语1. (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，节选)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；____________
the same time，they warm up again for the night.
2．(2015·山东潍坊三模)The watches arrived in stores
____________late April.They are sold at different prices，beginning at $349.考点一 高频介词atin3．(2015·济南模拟)The largest quantity of illegal drugs ever
was found____________a London flat yesterday.
4．(2015·郑州第二次质量预测)____________his incredible
talent，Messi has surprised the world.inWith1．at
(1)表示时间的一点，时刻等，如：at 12：00，at noon(在中
午)，at night(在夜里)，at midnight(在半夜)，at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破晓)，at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日
落)，at dusk(在黄昏)。
(2)固定搭配：laugh at，at the same time，be surprised at，
be good at等。2．in
(1)表示在某个较长的时间内(如：世纪、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)，如：in the 1980’s/1980s，in the Qing Dynasty，in October，in the morning/afternoon/evening。
(2)表示地点：in Beijing，in the classroom。3．on
(1)用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节
日、星期几等)，如：on October the first，on a rainy day，on National Day等。
(2)用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上，如：on Christmas Eve(在圣诞前夕)，on the morning of January the third等。
(3)准时，按时：on time。4．by
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不带冠词。如：by sea，by water，by land，by air等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如：by bike，by taxi，by plane，by ship/boat，by train，by spaceship等。5．withPut this bag with the others.
把这个包和其他的包放在一起。(2014·高考江苏卷，书面表达，节选)
With the number of English learners on the rise，it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.随着英语学习者的数量越来越多，对他们来说在汉语的上下文里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。The dictionary is what I want，but I don’t have enough money with me.这本字典正是我想要的，但是我没带够钱。(2014·高考北京卷，书面表达，节选)There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.
在我们学校自行车存放处有一个长久以来就存在的问题。What will you buy with the money？你会用这笔钱买什么？单句语法填空
1．(2015·潍坊模拟)The advertisement said that a suitable
house in a quiet area was up for sale____________a
reasonable price，and the house was within a stone’s throw
of a railway station from which there were frequent trains to the big city.
2．(2015·河南顶级名校5月模拟)A farmer，Mr.Tan，said
that the storm began early____________the morning and
lasted for over an hour.atin3．(2016·济南高三针对性训练)They say that compared to
children who grow up in homes____________smokers，
children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and
more illnesses.
4．(2015·龙口模拟)____________its first day of trading，Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share.withoutOn1．(2016·南昌十所重点中学交流试卷)He searched_________
the bag day and night.He also sent his workers in search but none could find it.
2．(2015·青岛自主诊断)Look back and think how often you’ve judged roughly，said unkind things，pushed yourself ahead____________the cost of a friend.考点二 介词短语forat3．(2015·福州质量检测)At first，they went on a day trip，
taking advantage____________special trip tickets on the
railways.of一、介词与某些词类的搭配
1．形容词与介词的固定搭配angry，mad，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，disappointed等afraid，frightened，ashamed，aware，convinced，short，full，fond，proud等angry，connected，content，familiar,patient,
pleased，popular，satisfied，strict等weak，different，rich，interested，successful，absorbed，disappointed，experienced，confident等good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，close，similar，familiar等sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，responsible等sorry，anxious，careless，certain，curious，enthusiastic，particular，optimistic等2.名词与介词的固定搭配
key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude，monument，devotion等interest，expert等congratulations，effect等3.动词与介词的固定搭配
speak，talk，think，worry等answer，call，apply，beg，care，charge，hunt，hope，wish，long，search，seek等aim，call，glare，glance，knock，laugh，point，stare等date，die，differ，hear，keep，stop，prevent，learn，protect，result，separate，suffer等approve，complain，consist，die，dream，think等call，carry，depend，feed，insist，pass，try，rely等break，call，cut，drop，fill，get，hand，join，persist，result，succeed等burst，change，divide等agree，attend，belong，compare，devote，get，lead，object，point，refer，reply，see等二、高频介词短语荟萃
1．表示“状态”的介词短语
at a loss不知所措 at dinner在吃晚餐
at peace处于和平状态 at war在战争中
at work在工作 in high spirits情绪高昂
in need处于困难中 in order整齐
in rags穿着破烂 in surprise吃惊
in trouble在困难中 on business因公出差
on duty在值班 on holiday/vacation
在度假on sale在出售 on show在展出
on strike在罢工 on the way在途中
out of balance失去平衡 out of control失去控制
out of danger脱离危险 out of date过期
out of order出故障 out of work失业
2.表示“方式”的介词短语
by accident偶然地 by chance偶然地
by hand手工地 by mistake错误地
by nature天生地 by the month按月算
by turns轮流 by weight按重量
in cash用现金支付 in detail详细地in size在大小上 with ease轻易地
with joy高兴地 with pleasure愉快地
3．表示“超出……；难以……”含义的介词短语
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond comprehension 难以理解
beyond control 失控
beyond description 难以描述
beyond expression 难以表达
beyond reach 够不到4．其他高频介词短语
against nature 违背自然
at dawn 在黎明
at the cost of 以……的代价
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布
at the sight of 一看到……就
at the age of 在……岁时
in (the) face of 面对，面临
in addition to 另外
in case of 万一in charge of 负责，主管
in exchange of 作为交换
in favor of 赞成，支持
in honor of 为了纪念
in need of 需要
in a hurry 匆忙
in the hope of 带着……的希望
in no way 决不
in preparation for 为……作准备
in response to 作为回应
in return for 作为回报in spite of 尽管，虽然
in the charge of 在……的管理之下
in the possession of 被……拥有
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 在……的条件下单句语法填空
1．(2015·南昌十所重点中学模拟)We can also turn to our English teacher for help，if necessary.In short，I believe that it is____________great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
2．(2015·山东枣庄模拟)He then turned off the light and buried his head in the pillow.But even so he could not
shut____________the noise.Finally，his patience was gone.ofoff3．(2015·太原三立中学阶段检测)White fat stores extra
energy，which results____________weight gain.
4．(2015·河南省三门峡市考前适应性练习)Jane stopped
where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some
good quality pipes____________sale.inon技法1 熟记介词用法
介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词、其他介词等的习惯搭配比较固定，是高考考查的热点和难点。考生要准确掌握同一介词与不同词搭配以及不同介词与同一词搭配的准确含义，解题时要注意把握语境，从而轻松确定答案。在短文改错题
中，会考查一些介词错用或漏用的题目。 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空，节选)For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away__________car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.
【解析】 句意：对于那些乘坐飞机去桂林的人来说，(去阳朔)只需要一个小时的车程，而且路上可以一览这座更为著名的城市(桂林)的所有景色。by car为固定 搭 配，意为“乘汽
车”，故填by。
by技法2 巧记固定搭配
高考卷对于介词基本用法的考查主要在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中，以在具体语境中考查高频介词的形式出现。 (2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，节选)One morning,
I was waiting____________the bus stop，worried about being late for school.
【解析】句意：一天早上,我在公共汽车站等候，担心上学迟到。表示出现的场所、位置、空间或地点用at。故填at。 at本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
形容词、副词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·郑州高三诊断)As a result，farmers are____________(gradual)unable to use fields close to the sea.
答案：gradually
2．(2015·河南顶级名校5月模拟)One person was killed，several were____________(serious)hurt and taken to hospital，and a number of other people received smaller hurt.Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.
答案：seriously
3．(2015·南阳一中二模)Even the ____________(slight)movement has a great effect on your direction.
答案：slightest
4．(2016·河南高考适应性练习)If we carry our burdens all the time，sooner or later，as the burden becomes____________(increasing) heavy，we won’t be able to carry on.
答案：increasingly
5．(2015·江西南昌调研)They made his restaurant a very popular place.Today，potato chips are one of Americans’____________(favor) foods!
答案：favorite
6．(2015·河南洛阳第二次统考)____________(obvious)，a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
答案：Obviously
7．(2015·青岛自主诊断)His father was____________(die)，so only he himself knew the matter.The doctor made the man write to his brother making an apology and enclosing a check.
答案：dead
8．(2015·山东日照二模)Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and ____________(balance) diet.
答案：balanced
9．(2015·山东日照二模)____________(basic)speaking，you should ensure that you take good amount of vegetables，grains，milk and proteins.
答案：Basically
10．(2016·济南高三针对性训练)Doctors have been warning for years that secondhand smoke leads to many types of illness.However，many children around the world live in areas where adults____________(regular)smoke.
答案：regularly
11．(2016·江西八校联考)Therefore as high school students of the Information Age，we need to learn to make use of this____________(value)tool to communicate and display ourselves.
答案：valuable
12．(2015·河南洛阳模拟)Little Tommy is really hard to deal with.You can’t find a____________(noisy) boy in the class.
答案：noisier
13．(2015·济南高考模拟)In those days，a doctor would place his head on a patient’s chest to listen，but if the patient was extremely fat it was ____________(possible)to hear any heartbeat at all.
答案：impossible
14．(2015·南昌模拟)However，where you drink tea and what type of tea you drink are equally____________(importance)．In Hangzhou，one of the ____________(good)places is He Tea House.
答案：important；best
15．(2015·江西高安中学模拟)Mary：I think it’s important to be successful in a field you are____________(true)interested in, not something that other people force you to be interested in.
答案：truly
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2015·浙江杭州第二次质检)Instead of scolding me，my father calm asked my mother to sew up the shirt.
答案：calm→calmly
2．(2016·台州一中期中)Now the certificate of the B Level is in front of me，and I’ve realized that the process of learning is much important.
答案：much后加more
3．(2015·河北唐山统考)Therefore，I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.
答案：interested→interesting
4．(2015·山西沂州四校联考)The doctor said there was nothing seriously with her.
答案：seriously→serious
5．(2016·山西考前质量监测)Zaire is the second large producer of diamonds.
答案：large→largest
6．(2015·河北衡水中学二模)After making a carefully examination，the doctor said，“You are in a very good state of health for a woman of your age.”
答案：carefully→careful
7．(2015·济南模拟)Hearing the news that he failed in the exam，he felt very sadly.
答案：sadly→sad
8．(2016·河南六市第一次联考)He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.
答案：comfortable→comfortably
9．(2015·洛阳统一考试)When he was young，he read a lot，and late he became a famous writer of his day.
答案：late→later
10．(2015·太原二模)This is a most beautiful park.I have never seen a best one before.
答案：best→better
介词、介词短语
单句语法填空
1．(2015·山东临沂二模)It not only helps the sick people to get the money to heal their disease，but also makes more and more people aware____________the disease.
答案：of
2．(2015·山东滕州4月模拟)Years afterward，the nobleman’s son was stricken____________a serious disease.What saved him？Penicillin.
答案：by
3．(2015·南昌二模)My interest in Chinese food started years ago，when I was a young reporter for the Washington Post.Our office wasn’t far____________Chinatown，where I found some very good Chinese restaurants.
答案：from
4．(2015·济南二模)If you could exchange lives____________someone for a short time，would you like to do that?
答案：with
5．(2015·河南省三门峡市考前适应性练习)When Jane got home，with her small but well－chosen present in her bag，her parents were already____________table having supper.
答案：at
6．(2015·石家庄二模)I thought I was totally prepared____________the journey，but nothing could have prepared me for my family’s complaints.
答案：for
7．(2015·临沂模拟)A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut.As the barber began to work，they started chatting.They talked____________so many things and various subjects.
答案：about
8．(2015·湖南衡阳一联)The girl____________a red dress is my sister，and the red dress looks beautiful on her.
答案：in
9．(2015·陕西质量检测二)The purpose of the article is to draw public attention____________the problem.
答案：to
10．(2015·邢台高三摸底考试)It’s time for you to change your attitude____________women now，Tom. They hold up half the sky，you know.
答案：towards/to
11．(2016·福州第一次调研)He has got the job because he has the advantage____________others of knowing many languages.
答案：over
12．(2016·山西四校联考)—How much did he charge you____________the service?
—Luckily，it’s nothing.
答案：for
13．(2015·日照模拟)It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot____________easy reach.
答案：within
14．(2015·陕西一联)His teacher took a deep drink，smiled warmly，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home____________a happy heart.
答案：with
15．(2015·河南洛阳模拟)He is no fool at all.____________fact，he is the smartest boy I have ever seen.
答案：In
16．(2015·江西临川期中)The doctor advised her to eat more bean products____________place of meat which might be harmful to her heart.
答案：in
17．(2016·郑州高三诊断)The villagers collected money to set up a monument____________memory of those who died in the great earthquake.
答案：in
18．(2015·河北邯郸二模)I am in favour____________your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.
答案：of
19．(2015·菏泽模拟)He was a good student and scored____________average in most subjects.
答案：above
20．(2015·湖南怀化一模)—What makes you decide to buy a new house in the town?
—This town is free____________ pollution.
答案：from
语法填空
(2015·山东省实验中学模拟) Water is essential for life.Yet millions of people around the world face water shortages.Millions of children die every year from waterborne 1.____________ (disease)．And drought regularly causes suffering in some of the world’s poorest countries.The world needs to respond much better.We need to increase water efficiency，2.____________ (especial) in agriculture.We need to free women and girls 3.____________ the daily chores of 4.____________ (carry) water，often over great distances.We must involve them in decision－making on water management.We need to make sanitation a priority.This is where progress is lagging (落后) most.And we must show that water resources need not be a source of conflict.Instead，they can be a catalyst (催化剂) for cooperation.Significant gains have been made.But still a major effort 5.____________(require)．That is why this year 6.____________ (mark) the beginning of the“Water for Life Decade”．Our goal is 7.____________ (meet) the internationally agreed targets for water and sanitation by 2015，8.____________ to build the foundation for further progress in the years beyond.
This is 9.____________ urgent matter of human development，and human dignity.Together，we can provide safe，clean water to all the world’s people.The world’s water resources are our lifeline for 10.____________ (survive)，and for continuous improvement in the 21st century.Together，we must manage them better.
【解题导语】 水对于生命来说是必不可少的。每年有许多儿童死于由水传播的疾病，如何让整个人类和谐共享优质的水，作者给出了建议并发出了号召。
1．解析：考查名词。disease既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，故此处应填disease或diseases。
答案：disease(s)
2．解析：考查副词。此处修饰空后的介词短语，因此应该用副词形式。
答案：especially
3．解析：考查介词。根据固定搭配free sb.from...“使某人摆脱……”可知，此处应填介词from。
答案：from
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。介词后面应该用动名词，所以填carrying。
答案：carrying
5．解析：考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据整篇文章的时态及still的提示可知，此处应用一般现在时；由于句子的主语与require之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，主语为“a major effort”所以用一般现在时的被动语态is required。
答案：is required
6．解析：考查时态及主谓一致。根据本句的is可知，此处应用一般现在时；由于主语是this year，为单数，因此应填marks。
答案：marks
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处与8空后的不定式to build并列。
答案：to meet
8．解析：考查连词。此处应用and连接两个并列的非谓语动词。
答案：and
9．解析：考查冠词。这是人类发展与人类尊严的一件紧迫之事。此处表示泛指“一件”，因此用不定冠词an。
答案：an
10．解析：考查名词。世界水资源是我们生存的生命线。介词for后面应用提示词的名词形式作其宾语。
答案：survival
