课件44张PPT。2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅰ专题3 动词的时态和语态专题3 动词的时态和语态1．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，节选)This cycle_______
(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.
2．If it____________(turn) cold again，they’ll dive back
down.But they come out again if it is warm.Last，how much
will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the
winter?考点一 一般时goesturns3．The boy____________(open)his eyes for a moment，
looked at the captain，and then died.
4．(2015·河南高考适应性模拟)If I hold it for a minute，
that’s not a problem.If I hold it for an hour，I____________
(have) an ache in my right arm.If I hold it for a day，you’ll have to call an ambulance.openedwill have1．一般现在时
(1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。由动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式(be动词的一般现在时用am/is/are)构成。
?My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m. and ends at 3：30 p．m..我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。(2)如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，if和unless引导的条件状语从句及让步状语从句中，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示将来的动作或状态。
?The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.
这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。2．一般过去时
(1)常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用；也可表示过去习惯性的动作。
?(2015·高考重庆卷，单项填空，改编)—Is Peter coming?
——彼得要来吗？
—No，he changed his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
——不来了。在最后时刻接了一个电话后他改变了主意。?(2015·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)I wasn’t able to hide
my eagerness when I asked，“What do you wish me to do
now？”
当我问：“你现在想要我做什么？”的时候，我掩饰不住内心的渴望之情。
(2)有些句子，虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，think，expect，want等。
?Edward，you play so well.But I didn’t know you played the piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。3．一般将来时
“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
?(2015·高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
——杰克逊博士现在不在办公室。
—All right.I will call him later.
——好的。我稍后给他打电话。
?I hope you will behave yourself at the dinner party.
我希望你在晚宴上表现得大方得体。单句语法填空
1．Years ago，when I was a poor artist trying to sell my
paintings in local galleries，I____________(live) in the heart of a city.
2．(2015·山东日照二模)Therefore，maintaining a healthy diet not only____________(provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.livedprovides3．(2015·河南考前质量检测二)Man changes his living habits in order to adjust to climate，but climate_____________
(change) as well，though more slowly.By learning more about his climate，man will find a way to adapt to or control it and live a more comfortable life.
4．(2016·安徽安庆五校联考)—I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday.
—I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you________
(be) a bigger man.changeswill be1．He____________(look) for a house when he saw an
advertisement in a newspaper one day.
2．(2015·高考陕西卷，语法和词汇知识，改编)Marty
___________________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
3．(2015·龙口模拟)McDonald’s ____________(work) hard to get its customers back now.In January，the company ran an advertisement during the Super Bowl.考点二 进行时was lookinghas been workingis working1．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行着的动作或存在的状态。
?—I hear you are working in a pub.What’s it like?
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well，it’s very hard work and I’m always tired，but I don’t mind.
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，move等词，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
?The ship is leaving for New York soon.
这条船很快就要开往纽约。2．过去进行时
(1)表示过去某时正在发生的动作,或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作;也可表示过去某个时间段内一直在进行的动作。
?I walked slowly through the market，where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
我慢慢地走过一个市场，人们在那里销售各种各样的水果
与蔬菜。我认真地研究了它们的价格之后，买了些我所需要
的。(2)短暂性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排要做的
事。
?I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。3．将来进行时
表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。
?—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
——今天下午两点我给你回电话可以吗？
—I’m sorry，but by then I will be flying to Beijing.How about five?
——对不起，那时我正飞往北京，五点钟怎么样？单句语法填空
1．(2015·河南顶级名校5月模拟)“I____________(eat) with my wife and children，”he said，“when we heard a loud noise.A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us.”
2．(2015·临沂模拟)Alice and her classmates_______________
(enjoy) their holiday this time next month.
3．(2015·山东师大附中模拟)They have lit our dinnertime，the bedrooms and now I____________(sit) by one in the kitchen.was eatingwill be enjoyingam sitting1．(2015·潍坊高考模拟) At last firefighters have put out a big forest fire in California.Since then，they__________(set) about finding out how the fire began.
2．(2015·滕州5月模拟)One Friday afternoon，after she had finished shopping and had taken all the things to her car，she found that she______________(forget) to buy some sugar.
3．(2016·山东邹城一中月考)That was the first time
I____________(be) to Hong Kong so I had great difficulty finding the hotel.考点三 完成时have sethad forgottenhad been一、现在完成时
1．表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成了影响或结果，常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till
now，in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。
?Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.到目前为止，工作进展得很顺
利，我们确信一定会按时完工。2．表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
?—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry，I haven’t played the piano for years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。二、过去完成时
1．表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成，即“过去的过
去”。或表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的
动作或状态，这一动作或状态可能一直持续到过去这一时
刻，也可能将继续下去。
?By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。2．有时可表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，常用于该用法的动词有intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等。
?He had intended to speak，but time did not permit.
他本想发言，可是时间不允许。三、完成进行时
完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动
作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行，具有持续性和未完成性。该时态多用于延续性动词。
?The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 a．m..从上午9点开始，经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。
?In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.为了找到那个失踪的孩子，过去的五小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。四、将来完成时
将来完成时表示在将来的某一时间之前将会完成的动作，并往往对将来的某一时间产生影响。由“shall/will＋have＋过去分词”构成。
?By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.等史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。名师指津
常用完成时的句型单句语法填空
1．(2015·淮安二模)Global oil prices_________________(fall) since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily.
2．(2015·高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)In the last few
years，China____________(make) great achievements in
environmental protection.have been fallinghas made3．(2015·浙江杭州一次质检)Mr.White____________(work) in
our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.
4．(2015·聊城模拟)By next Thursday，they_________________
(complete) the construction of the new school.had workedwill have completed1．(2015·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but ____________(hold) back thankfully by the shop window.
2．After everything____________(do) and just after he left the barber’s，he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.考点四 被动语态was heldwas done3．(2015·日照模拟)—Have they got our car repaired?
—I don’t know.But it___________________(repair) when I called them yesterday.
4．(2015·江西鹰潭二模)If you so desire and cannot afford
one，a lawyer___________________(appoint) without any
charge before any questioning.was being repairedwill be appointed1．被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化列表如下：am/is/are＋过去分词am/is/are being＋过去分词have/has been＋过去分词was/were＋过去分词was/were being＋过去分词had been＋过去分词shall/will be＋过去分词should/would be＋过去分词shall/will have been＋过去分词?Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now will be
repaid later in life.
不要担心，你现在的努力工作在以后的生活中会得到回报
的。
?In the spoken English of some areas in the U．S.，the“r”sounds at the end of the words are dropped.
在美国一些地方的口语中，单词结尾的“r”的发音通常被省
略掉了。2．主动形式表示被动意义
以下形式常用主动形式表示被动意义：smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove，turn等后接形容词作表语时。表示主语的属性、特征或功能的词，如read，write，sell，wash等，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用时。表示“开始”、“结束”的词：如begin，start，finish，end等。Your suggestion
proved quite effective.你的建议已被证明是很有效的。This pen writes smo－othly.这支笔写起来很流畅。The party finished with a song.聚会以一首歌曲结束。need，want，require(需
要)，deserve(值得)等后
接doing时。The clock needs winding once a week.
这只闹钟需要每周上一次发条。在be＋adj.(difficult，hard，heavy，dangerous，pleasant，comfortable等)＋to do结构中。It’s difficult to see how more savings can be made.
看到如何进一步节约是很难的。单句语法填空
1．(2015·山东省实验中学二模)She____________(elect)to the New York State Assembly.In 1968 she announced she would run for the United States Congress.
2．(2015·江西九江三模)To the customers’ satisfaction，teas of the same high quality____________(serve) in each shop every day.
3．—What a pity！I missed The Voice of China last night.
—Don’t worry.It_____________________(broadcast) again this weekend.was electedare servedwill be broadcasted技法1 先“时间”后“选体”，确定时态
(1)考生在做有关时态的试题时，首先要确定动作发生的时间：①根据句中明确的时间状语或是时间标志词来确定时间；②根据上下文语境，挖掘其隐含信息，弄清时间的先后顺序，确定动作是发生在过去、现在还是将来。
(2)对应不同的时间要根据以下几点确定时态的“体”：动作是否已完成、是否反复出现、是否是正在发生或进行中以及是否是按计划和安排要做的事情。 (2015·临沂模拟)The girl has a great interest in sport and_____________________(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
【解析】 句意：这个女孩很喜欢运动，在过去的三年里，她一直坚持每周上两次羽毛球兴趣班。根据句中时间标志短语over the last three years可知，应用现在完成进行时，故填has been taking。has been taking技法2 分析主谓的逻辑关系，确定语态
根据主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态。被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外，还有特殊用法，如主动形式表示被动含义。 (2015·高考湖北卷，完成句子，改编)The professor
was delighted to find that two thirds of the project
__________________(finish)by the students independently.
【解析】 根据主句中的was delighted to find可知，其后从
句表示的“三分之二的工程已经被完成了”应用过去完成时
的被动语态。had been finished本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·河南三门峡二模)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village，I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I____________(cause) her.But she refused.
答案：had caused
2．(2016·青岛自主诊断)No physical cause could____________(find)．Finally the doctor said to the man，“Unless you tell me what’s on your conscience，I can’t help you.”
答案：be found
3．(2015·山东省实验中学二模)As a young woman，Shirley decided to become a teacher.She believed she could improve society by helping children.She____________(work) for seven years at a child care center in the Harlem area of New York City.
答案：worked
4．(2015·河南顶级名校5月模拟)Mrs.Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she ____________(feel) that her house was moving.She ran outside at once with her children.
答案：felt
5．(2016·青岛自主诊断)In the post office，the man dropped the letter into the mail box.As the letter____________(disappear)，the man burst into tears.“Thank you，doctor，”he said，“I think I’m all right now.”And he was.
答案：disappeared
6．(2016·济南高三针对性训练)He says secondhand smoke____________(cause) many diseases in children.
答案：causes
7．(2015·南昌模拟)In the spring snow____________(melt) and the workers start working again.
答案：melts
8．(2015·日照模拟)—Jack and Lucy got married yesterday.Did you go to their wedding?
—No，because I____________(invite)．
答案：hadn’t been invited
9．(2015·南阳一中二模)Freeflying____________(base) on the more traditional skydiving，____________of which are eye－catching.
答案：is based；both
10．(2015·河南三门峡考前适应性练习)Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane____________(inform)．
答案：was informed
11．(2015·泰安二模)By the end of the day the three gallons of tea were gone.The workers were out of nails and paint，but the job was____________(do)．
答案：done
12．(2015·滕州5月模拟)She never gave up hope.Cupboards in her kitchen____________(fill) with things that she didn’t need at all.
答案：were filled
13．(2015·济宁高考模拟)One of them scratched the end of the board while the others placed their ears against the other end.On walking up，the doctor____________(ask) why the sounds travelled along the wood.
答案：was asked
14．(2015·枣庄模拟)It is reported that his new book____________(publish) by that company next year.
答案：will be published
15．(2015·高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I____________(leave) my book in the cafe.
答案：had left
16．(2015·安徽合肥一模)—You look so tired and pale.Anything wrong?
—I hate to complain，but a new road____________(build) throughout the night.
答案：is being built
17．(2015·高考天津卷，单项填空，改编)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she____________(teach) a class at that time.
答案：will be teaching
18．(2015·高考安徽卷，单项填空，改编)It is reported that a space station____________(build)on the moon in years to come.
答案：will be built
19．It is the first time that I____________(enjoy)this kind of moon cake.
答案：have enjoyed
20．(2016·江西南昌三中月考)—Morning，Andy.How do you like the party last night?
—Great.I really____________(enjoy) myself there.
答案：enjoyed
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2015·南昌调研)Our school conducts a survey on reading last week.According to the results，most students believe reading is important.
答案：conducts→conducted
2．(2015·山西太原五中月考)I have told one more worker will be needed this year and I think you are fit for it.How about joining us?
答案：have后加been
3．(2015·河北邯郸一模)It has been a long time since we meet in China last time.
答案：meet→met
4．(2016·浙江杭州二中月考)Every time my father finds me listening to rock music，he always shouted，“Shut it off.It’s awful！”
答案：shouted→shouts
5．(2015·青岛高三统一质量检测)Yesterday I paid a visit to the Hong’en Temple Park with my friends.The park was full of fresh and beautiful flowers.When I was enjoying the wonderful scenery around，something unpleasant catches my eyes.
答案：catches→caught
6．(2015·日照模拟)His progress had been very poor，so one day he stops seeing the doctor and decided to try a different one.
答案：stops→stopped
7．Do you want to know why we move last week?
答案：move→moved
8．“What are you doing，sir? What are you looking for？”
“Could you please keep quiet？I was looking for a piece of chocolate，”the man said.
答案：was→am
9．(2015·山西第四次诊断)I study till very late at night when I met with difficult problems.
答案：study→studied
10．(2015·江西临川期中)Time flies like an arrow.I’m already in Senior Grade 3 before I realized it.
答案：realized→realize
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016·日照高三校际联合检测)A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing 1.____________ (have) a close knock on Oct.22.He was so 2.____________ (absorb) in his smartphone that he didn’t see a train approaching until it brushed past him，3.____________ (throw)him to the ground.This should serve 4.____________a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings，especially 5.____________ crossing roads.
6.____________ (lucky)，the man survived a brush with death，but the incident forced the driver 7.____________ (stop)the train.An 18－minute delay followed the incident，8.____________ led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.
Smartphone 9.____________ (addicted)has spread like an infectious disease.It’s evident that it will do great harm to society.What’s even 10.____________ (bad)，some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.
Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy，yet in fact people’s weakening self－control and self－discipline are to blame.
【解题导语】 如今手机上瘾现象非常严重，对人们的生活有着很大的危害。文章告诉我们是我们的自控力和自我约束力差而导致此种现象，并非手机本身的问题。
1．解析：考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“on Oct.22”以及后面“He was”可知，此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
答案：had
2．解析：考查固定短语。be absorbed in“专心致志，全神贯注”，是固定短语。
答案：absorbed
3．解析：考查现在分词。根据语境可知，此处表示“火车与他擦身而过，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
答案：throwing
4．解析：考查固定结构。serve as意为“起作用，产生效果”，此处表示“这应该给人们起一个警告作用”。
答案：as
5．解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“尤其是当过马路的时候”，故用when或while，此处是“主语＋系动词”的省略。可还原为：especially when/while they are crossing roads。
答案：when/while
6．解析：考查副词。幸运的是，这个男子与死亡擦肩而过，但是这个事件迫使驾驶员停下了火车。在句首应该用lucky的副词形式，即Luckily。
答案：Luckily
7．解析：考查动词不定式。force sb.to do sth.意为“迫使某人做某事”，为固定结构。
答案：to stop
8．解析：考查非限制性定语从句。因为这件事耽搁了18分钟，导致路线上其他火车的运行中断了。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“An 18－minute delay”。
答案：which
9．解析：考查名词。分析句子成分可知，此处作主语，意为“手机上瘾”，故用addicted的名词形式addiction，意为“上瘾”，addict作为名词时，意为“对……着迷的人”，此处不符合语境。
答案：addiction
10．解析：考查形容词比较级。what’s even worse意为“甚至更糟糕的是”，even修饰比较级，故用worse。
答案：worse
