新概念英语第二册期末话题作文课件(共42张PPT)

(共42张PPT)
新概念英语第二册期末话题作文
常考类型
What is your ideal house
直接问观点类
What do you think is the function of art
Are you enthusiastic about the pursuit of knowledge Why or Why not
观点选择类
Do you like horror stories Why or why not
话题作文（大作文）
常考形式
Why do you think some people choose to work from home
现象分析类
Why did you decide to have higher education
How can universities improve education quality
措施/建议类
How can we improve our driving habits for the sake of safety
话题作文（大作文）
2.如何构思内容？
一般来说，对于所给主题，要么回答是好的，要么是坏的；
构思内容的时候就往好处或者坏处的角度构思。
1.想好处的思路：
（1）“以人为本”--身体、精神
对身体：身体强健；塑身养型；感官灵敏；四肢发达等。
对精神：视野扩宽；提高意识；丰富内心世界；生活充实；身心愉悦；内心平静；增进感情；各种能力培养；增强自豪感、自信心、荣誉感等。
（2）“服务社会”--保护环境；节约资源；丰富生活；社会和谐；促进进步等。
话题作文（大作文）
2.想坏处的思路：
（1）“以人为本”--身体、精神
对身体：抵抗力下降，生（疾）病等。
对精神：性格孤僻；失去自豪感、自信心……；内心空虚；玩物丧志等。
（2）“社会”：环境--破坏、污染；公共安全--危险、不和谐；经济--衰退、贫穷
回答为什么，要学会找客观事物的特点来做原因，或者大众所认知的常识和观点。
一般来说，对于所给主题，询问看法时，要么回答是好的，要么是坏的；
构思内容的时候就往好处或者坏处的角度构思。
2.如何构思内容？
话题作文（大作文）
课前回顾
写作专题（2）：
大作文--内容如何构思（2）→八字方针“以人为本，服务社会”
如何审题→题干核心名词
结构模板→观点选择类
如何搭建段落→主题句+支撑句+细节句+总结句
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
一般的段落结构
（1）Topic Sentence（主题句）
（2）Supporting Sentence （支撑句）
（3）Detail Sentence（细节补充句）
（4）Concluding Sentence（总结句）
One English paragraph usually includes the following four parts:
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
段落主题句（ topic sentence）的特点
At the beginning of the paragraph.（段落第一句）
presenting the main idea of the paragraph. （表明段落的中心思想）
A statement that can be argued – not simply a fact.
（不能是一个无法反驳的事实）
It should not be a specific description.
（描写细节的句子不能作主题句）
Related to the thesis statement.（与主旨句对应）
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
判断以下句子能不能成为段落主题句
1. He sent his wife a diamond ring on her birthday.
2. They moved to a new apartment last month.
3. Today more and more women are going out to work.
4. He encountered an old friend yesterday.
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
判断以下句子能不能成为段落主题句
1. He sent his wife a diamond ring on her birthday.
2. They moved to a new apartment last month.
3. Today more and more women are going out to work.
4. He encountered an old friend yesterday.
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
①Guilin is an amazing place to visit. ②First, it is a place known for its scenic beauty. ③ You got to see the mountains shaping like camel’s hump. ④Walking around the Li River will bring you the unique beauty of the hill and water. ⑤Also, Guilin offers a range of adventure activities for the visitors. ⑥You can go hang-gliding, do bungy jumps or take a boating trip and other activities for the visitors. ⑦In addition, you get to visit exotic places within the city. ⑧You can explore the caves where lots of stalactite grow or take photos in those folk streets with local people. ⑨These features make Guilin a truly amazing place well worth a visit
段落结构
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
①Guilin is an amazing place to visit. ②First, it is a place known for its scenic beauty. ③ You got to see the mountains shaping like camel’s hump. ④Walking around the Li River will bring you the unique beauty of the hill and water. ⑤Also, Guilin offers a range of adventure activities for the visitors. ⑥You can go hang-gliding, do bungy jumps or take a boating trip and other activities for the visitors. ⑦In addition, you get to visit exotic places within the city. ⑧You can explore the caves where lots of stalactite grow or take photos in those folk streets with local people. ⑨These features make Guilin a truly amazing place well worth a visit
主题句：地基
支撑句：钢筋
细节句：水泥
总结句：房顶
段落结构
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
For another thing, cyber-dating is pretty safe. Firstly, the dating websites have a strict entry condition. If you want to become a user of a dating website, you must submit your personal information and ensure it is true and effective. Based on that, the website will make a survey on your social background, credit assessment, your financial situation and so on. If they find some false information, you will not be allowed to use the website. Secondly, the website users have enough time to distinguish whether the person they are chatting is trustworthy or not. If they notice some people who have some evil motives on the website, they can report to the staff at once.
举例说明
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
【主题句】For another thing, cyber-dating is pretty safe. 【支撑句1】 Firstly, the dating websites have a strict entry condition. 【细节句】If you want to become a user of a dating website, you must submit your personal information and ensure it is true and effective. 【细节句】 Based on that, the website will make a survey on your social background, credit assessment, your financial situation and so on. 【细节句】 If they find some false information, you will not be allowed to use the website. 【支撑句2】 Secondly, the website users have enough time to distinguish whether the person they are chatting is trustworthy or not. 【细节句】 If they notice some people who have some evil motives on the website, they can report to the staff at once.
举例说明
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
Solo trips can help to develop new relationships. For one thing, the solo travelers can meet new companions with common interests. When they are in trouble , they may ask for help from other strange travelers, after that, the travelers may find the local special food or famous sights together along with the new partners. For another thing, the solo travelers have an opportunity to make friends or do business with those people they meet by chance but share the similar value. The travelers may chat with the passengers on a train who work in different industries, such as teachers, students, bankers even workers. They may discuss the politics, the idols , economy and so on and after this wonderful conversation, they may give contact information to each other.
举例说明
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
举例说明
【主题句】Parents are usually eager to pass on their values to their children. But should children always believe what their parents do 【支撑句1】Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. 【细节句】When children are young, they believe that their parents are always right. 【细节句】 But when they get older, they realize there are other views. 【支撑句2】Sometimes parents, especially older ones, cannot keep up with rapid social or technological changes. 【细节句】 A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that his or her parents do not really understand or value the digital revolution. 【细节句】 Sometimes kids have to find their own ways to what they believe in.
话题作文（大作文）
12.如何开展一个段落
举例说明
However, there are arguments in favor of changing jobs frequently. 【支撑句1】One is that a worker improves his employability. Working in several different jobs often means that the individual has more skills. Such people are seen as more dynamic and versatile. 【支撑句2】Another benefit of changing job frequently is that one never gets stuck in a rut. From my own experience, I got bored when I spent too long in a job. Following this, the quality of my work would suffer. 【支撑句3】I also believe that employers generally don’t tend to greatly reward loyalty or commitment. Increased wages and promotion are often easier to attain by changing jobs.
生词：
frequently
employability就业能力
dynamic有活力的
versatile多才多艺的
rut凹槽
commitment贡献
promotion升职
翻译要点·英译汉
试一试？
【例】In 1863 the Football Association was established in England, and the rules of the game have remained essentially the same ever since. Their relative simplicity, and need for little equipment ensured that it became very popular. The power of the British Empire meant that it became played in every corner of the world.
翻译要点·英译汉
试一试？
【例】In 1863 the Football Association was established in England, and the rules of the game have remained essentially the same ever since. Their relative simplicity, and need for little equipment ensured that it became very popular. The power of the British Empire meant that it became played in every corner of the world.
【基础翻译】他们相对的简洁性以及对设备的接近零需求确保了它变得非常流行。
【进阶翻译】足球运动（规则）相对简单易行，而且不需要多少设施，因而这项运动迅速风靡英伦。
翻译要点·英译汉
试一试？
【例】One source of anger is failed attempts to change in the past. People become so frustrated by earlier efforts that they can actually become mad when you point to an important new issue.
翻译要点·英译汉
试一试？
【例】One source of anger is failed attempts to change in the past. People become so frustrated by earlier efforts that they can actually become mad when you point to an important new issue.
【基础翻译】人们因先前的努力变得如此沮丧以至于当你指出另一个新的重要的问题时，他们会疯掉的。
【进阶翻译】先前的努力白费了，人们沮丧不已，倘若你又提出新的重要问题，他们可能会发疯。
翻译要点·英译汉
我们来总结下：
你觉得英译汉的难点是什么？
翻译要点·英译汉
我们来总结下：
你觉得英译汉的难点是什么？
现阶段如何克服？
单词不认识？
认识单词，可看不懂句子？
不说人话？
翻译要点·英译汉
我们来总结下：
句子翻译考查什么？
翻译要点·英译汉
我们来总结下：
句子翻译考查什么？
词汇、短语
句子结构（语法）
翻译技巧
实操很重要！ 实操很重要！ 实操很重要！
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
【例】Their relative simplicity, and need for little equipment ensured that it became very popular.
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
1. 通读句子，结构分析
2. 句子拆分或断句
3. 分块翻译
4. 整合译文
5. 重读，检查校对
【例】Their relative simplicity, and need for little equipment ensured that it became very popular.
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
1. 通读句子，结构分析
（1）简单句：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句；
【例】She is fond of collecting stamps.
她热衷于收集邮票。
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
1. 通读句子，结构分析
（2）并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，
句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接；
【例】The food was good, but he had little appetite.
食物很好吃，但他没什么胃口。
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
1. 通读句子，结构分析
（3）复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，
从句由从属连词引导。
【例】The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
当我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
1. 通读句子，结构分析
目的：可以初步判断需要翻译的句子是简单句还是复杂句：
简单句：基本上进行断句再翻译即可，注意词语的处理；
复杂句：需进一步分析主从句，找出连接词及主从之间的逻辑关系等。
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
2. 句子拆分或断句
拆分要点：
拆分原则：主从拆开，把句子的主干和修饰成分拆开，
断句用“/”表示；
【例】Their relative simplicity, and need for little equipment ensured that it became very popular.
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
2. 句子拆分或断句
拆分要点：
拆分点：引导词/连接词、并列连词（除非连接的是两个单词则不需要
拆开）、标点符号、介词处（固定搭配不拆分）、非谓语、主语很长时
（拆到谓语动词之前）；
【例】Their relative simplicity, / and / need for little equipment / ensured / that it became very popular.
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
2. 句子拆分或断句
拆分要点：
例外：拆分后，内容很短或意思很简单，就不拆分。
【例】Their relative simplicity, / and / need for little equipment / ensured / that it became very popular.
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
2. 句子拆分或断句
目的：可以快速找出句子核心部分，掌握大意：
技巧：如果读起来不通顺的时候，我们便可以重新断句
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
2. 句子拆分或断句（补充了解）
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
3. 分块翻译
拆分断句之后，以意群或者句段（不是指段落）为单位，进行词义推敲，
译文分块翻译处理。
【例】Their relative simplicity, / and / need for little equipment / ensured / that it became very popular.
【析】Their relative simplicity 他们的相对简洁性
and need for little equipment 以及对设备的接近零需求
ensured 确保了
that it became very popular 它变得非常流行
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
4. 整合译文
分块翻译之后，意群或句段的基本意思出来了，整合译文，得到初步的译文。
【例】Their relative simplicity, / and / need for little equipment / ensured / that it became very popular.
【析】Their relative simplicity 他们的相对简洁性
and need for little equipment 以及对设备的接近零需求
ensured 确保了
that it became very popular 它变得非常流行
初步译文：他们相对的简洁性以及对设备的接近零需求确保了它变得非常流行。
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
5. 重读，检查校对
重读译文，使之通顺，符合中文的表达习惯，同时也检查译文是否有漏译或误译的地方。
【例】Their relative simplicity, / and / need for little equipment / ensured / that it became very popular.
初步译文：他们相对的简洁性以及对设备的接近零需求确保了它变得非常流行。
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
5. 重读，检查校对
发现：
含有代词their 以及it，在翻译时，宜结合上下文将其词义具体化；
simplicity名词，考虑词性转换；
前后隐含逻辑关系：因果关系
【例】In 1863 the Football Association was established in England, and the rules of the game have remained essentially the same ever since. Their relative simplicity, and need for little equipment ensured that it became very popular. The power of the British Empire meant that it became played in every corner of the world.
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
5. 重读，检查校对
【例】Their relative simplicity, / and / need for little equipment / ensured / that it became very popular.
初步译文：他们相对的简洁性以及对设备的接近零需求确保了它变得非常流行。
优化译文：足球运动（规则）相对简单易行，而且不需要多少设施，因而这项运动迅速风靡英伦。
翻译要点·英译汉
翻译的基本步骤
通读句子，结构分析
句子拆分或断句
分块翻译
整合译文
重读，检查校对
5. 重读，检查校对
【例】Their relative simplicity, / and / need for little equipment / ensured / that it became very popular.
小结·遇到代词：
如直接译成代词，意思可以表达清楚，则不需具体化；
如直接译成代词，意思表达不清楚，则需要具体化；
具体化原则：就近原则、一致原则（语法、意思一致）；
如找不到代词it所指代的内容或者不认识，就把代词翻译成“这”或“那”，不要直接翻译成“它”。