新概念第二册Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine讲义

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名称 新概念第二册Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine讲义
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更新时间 2024-11-25 19:45:12

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新概念第二册
Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine
单词精讲
trap[tr p] v.陷入,使陷于困境
引申:可引申为使某人或某物陷入某种难以摆脱的状态,不仅仅是物理上的困境,也可以是抽象的情况,如陷入骗局、陷入思维定式等。例如:He was trapped in a web of lies.(他陷入了谎言的罗网。)
搭配:trap sb. into sth.(诱使某人做某事,使某人陷入某事);be trapped in(被困在……之中)
例句:The hunters set a trap to trap the fox.(猎人们设下陷阱捕捉狐狸。)
surface [ s :fis]n.地面,表面
引申:可引申为事物的外在表现、外观等抽象概念。例如:On the surface, he seems very calm.(从表面上看,他似乎很平静。)
搭配:on the surface(在表面上);surface area(表面积);surface water(地表水)
例句:The surface of the table is very smooth.(桌子的表面很光滑。)
词源:由“super -”(在……之上)和“facies”(脸、外观)组成,指的是物体的最外层部分。
explosive[ik spl usiv] n.炸药
引申:可引申为具有爆炸性、容易引发强烈反应的事物或情况,如爆炸性新闻(an explosive news),表示能引起轰动的新闻。
搭配:explosive device(爆炸装置);handle explosive(处理炸药);explosive material(爆炸材料)
例句:The workers are very careful when handling explosive.
(工人们在处理炸药时非常小心。)
词源:源自“explode”,而“explode”来自拉丁语“explodere”,“explosive”表示与爆炸相关的东西,即炸药。
vibration[vai brei n] n.震动
引申:可引申为引起波动、影响的轻微动作或变化。例如:His words sent vibrations through the whole group.(他的话在整个群体中引起了震动(波动)。)
搭配:strong vibration(强烈震动);vibration absorber(减震器);cause vibration(引起震动)
例句:The vibration of the machine made the floor shake.(机器的震动使地板摇晃。)
collapse [k l ps] v.坍塌
引申:可引申为系统、计划、身体等的突然垮掉、失败或崩溃。例如:His health collapsed after years of overwork.(多年的过度工作后,他的健康垮掉了。)
搭配:building collapse(建筑物坍塌);collapse under pressure(在压力下崩溃);economy collapse(经济崩溃)
例句:The old bridge collapsed during the storm.(旧桥在暴风雨中坍塌了。)
词源:由“com -”(一起)和“lābi”(滑倒、倒下)组成,表示一起倒下,即坍塌。
drill[dril] v.钻孔
引申:可引申为反复训练、练习,尤指通过重复进行技能训练。例如:drill students in grammar(对学生进行语法训练)。
搭配:drill a hole(钻孔);drill into(钻入;反复训练某人做某事);drill bit(钻头)
例句:They drilled a hole in the wall to install a pipe.
(他们在墙上钻了一个孔来安装管道。)
capsule [ k psju:l] n.容器
引申:可引申为包含某种内容或信息的小单元,如时间胶囊(time capsule),是一种将物品或信息保存起来以便未来发现的容器概念。
搭配:space capsule(太空舱);gelatin capsule(明胶胶囊);capsule hotel(胶囊旅馆,一种狭小但功能齐全的住宿单元)
例句:The medicine is packed in a small capsule.(这种药装在一个小胶囊里。)
layer[ lei ] n.层
引申:可引申为事物按照层次或级别进行的划分或排列。例如:There are different layers of management in the company.(公司里有不同层次的管理层。)
搭配:top layer(顶层);bottom layer(底层);layer of paint(油漆层)
例句:The cake has three layers.(这个蛋糕有三层。)
beneath [bi ni:θ]prep.在…之下
引申:可引申为在地位、级别、质量等方面低于某物或某人。例如:His work is beneath criticism.(他的工作不值得批评。)
搭配:beneath the surface(在表面之下);beneath one's dignity(有失某人的尊严)
例句:The treasure was buried beneath the tree.(宝藏被埋在树下。)
词源:由“be -”(在……旁边)和“neo an”(下面)组成,表示在……之下。
lower [ l u ]v.放下,降低
引申:可引申为在程度、数量、质量等方面的减少或使降低。例如:lower the price(降低价格);lower one's voice(降低声音)。
搭配:lower oneself(降低身份);lower the flag(降旗);lower a window(放下窗户)
例句:Please lower your head when you enter the cave.
(当你进入洞穴时,请低下头。)
progress [ pr ugres,pr gres] v.进展,进行
引申:可引申为在成长、发展、学习等过程中的向前推进。例如:He is progressing well in his English study.(他在英语学习上进展顺利。)
搭配:make progress(取得进步);progress steadily(稳步进展);in progress(在进行中)
例句:The building project is progressing on schedule.(建筑工程正在按计划进行。)
词源:由“pro -”(向前)和“gredi”(走)组成,表示向前走,即进展、进行。
smoothly[ smu:eli] ad.顺利地
引申:可引申为事情在没有阻碍、干扰的情况下进行的状态。例如:The party went smoothly.(聚会进行得很顺利。)
搭配:run smoothly(顺利运行);go smoothly(进展顺利);work smoothly(工作顺利)
例句:The new system has been working smoothly so far.(到目前为止,新系统一直运行顺利。)
重点句型
与run有关的短语
run out of 用完,耗尽
They are running out of food and drink. He has run out of money.
run after 追赶,追逐
Seeing that his sister was annoyed, he ran after her to apologize.
run over 在……驶过/辗过
The car ran over a snake/his legs.
run in 试车,试转(发动机等)
John is running his new car in.
Run in the engine before you start work.
run into 偶然碰见
I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop.
He ran into Sterlings while travelling in Italy.
课文精讲
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.
6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。
rescue operations 营救工作
prove vt. 证明是,结果是
What he had told us proved false.
bring to the surface”表示带到地面
“lose one's life”表示失去生命。
However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.
然而,事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破,震动会引起矿顶塌落。
“rescue operation”表示救援行动,“prove”在这里表示显示出、被发现是,“explosive”表示炸药,“vibration”表示震动,“cause...to...”表示使……导致……,“collapse”表示坍塌。
therefore adv. 因此,所以(可独立使用,也可位于动词前)
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.
His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car.
so conj. 所以,因此(不能放在动词前)
We arrived early, so we got good seats.
Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule.
因此,营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。
“drill”表示钻孔,“intend to do sth.”表示打算做某事,“bring up”表示把……带上来,“capsule”表示容器,在这里指特制的救援容器。
If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.
如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石,他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际情况是,他们已连续钻了16个小时了,但离钻透还早着呢。
as it is =as it was 事实上,实际上
“layer”表示层,“beneath”表示在……之下,“complete”表示完成,
“have a long way to go”表示还有很长的路要走。
I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
I promised to return books yesterday. As it is, I won’t be able to do so until next Monday.
Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
与此同时,两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。
enable vt. 使……能够
The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.
前缀en-加在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词,如endanger(危及,使遭受危险),enlarge(扩大,扩展,扩充),enslave(奴役,使成为奴隶),entrap(使……入陷阱/圈套,欺骗)
keep in touch with 与……保持联系(可以用stay,get等其他动词)
George is in close touch with Ian.
Can you get in touch with the company
Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.
虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了,但这些人的心情很好,坚信他们很快就会出去。他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。
run out of 用完,用尽
“run out of”表示用完、耗尽,“cheerful”表示乐观的,“confident”表示自信的。
If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难,他们会丧失信心的。
“progress”表示进展,“smoothly”表示顺利地,“drill through”表示钻穿,“lose heart”表示失去信心。
lose heart 失望,丧失信心/勇气,泄气,灰心
Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost heart at once.
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