2025中考英语语法讲解一般过去时学案(讲解+习题)

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名称 2025中考英语语法讲解一般过去时学案(讲解+习题)
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更新时间 2024-11-27 12:05:51

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一般过去时
1. 一般过去时的定义
①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。
—What did you do yesterday 昨天你做了什么?
—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。
②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。
When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。
2. 一般过去时的基本结构
①实义动词
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。
否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。
一般疑问句及其回答:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t / did not.
—Did you go to the cinema yesterday 你昨天去看电影了吗?
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
—Where did you go yesterday 你昨天去哪儿了?
—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。
② be 动词
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他.
I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.
I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。
一般疑问句及其回答:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他
—Were you at home yesterday 你昨天在家吗?
—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他
—Where were you yesterday 你昨天在哪?
—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
3. 动词过去式的变化规则
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped
以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked
以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed carry→carried study→studied
结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned
4. 一般过去时的用法
(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday 你昨天做了什么事
(2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。
注意:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.
每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。
(3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。
At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
(4)用在状语从句中表示过去将来。
He said he would wait until they came back.
(5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。
I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。
有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。
注意:
(1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。
(2)注意在语境中理解"我刚才/原来还不……"。
—Your phone number again I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。
—It’s 2566666. 是2566666。
5. 一般过去时代替完成时
(1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
(2)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
(3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
一般过去时 肯定句的过去式,规则动词加-ed,不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句,没有be加did。 如把did加在前,动词也要还原形。
1.(2022·西藏·中考真题)With the efforts of Chinese government, China ________ absolute poverty(绝对贫困) in 2021.
A.end B.is ended C.ended D.was ended
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在中国政府的努力下,中国于2021结束了绝对贫困。
考查动词时态。根据“in 2021”可知句子是一般过去时,而且主语和动词之间是主动关系,故选C。
2.(2022·上海·中考真题)The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022.
A.returned B.are returning C.have returned D.had returned
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这三名中国宇航员于2022年4月16日从太空安全返回。
考查动词时态。根据“April 16, 2022”可知,此句用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选A。
3.(2022·江苏南通·中考真题)—Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time.
—Yes. I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday.
A.worked B.am working C.have worked D.work
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——胡小姐,我好久没见到你了。——是的。我在上海做了一个月的志愿护士。我昨天回来的。
考查一般过去时。根据“I came back yesterday.”可知,昨天回来了,所以做志愿护士的动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,故选A。
4.(2022·湖北黄石·中考真题)David has worked here for 10 years since he ________ from university.
A.graduates B.graduated C.has graduated D.will graduate
【答案】B
【详解】句意:大卫大学毕业后在这里工作了10年。
考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,毕业的动作已经发生过,故选B。
5.(2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题)— Who locked the door yesterday
— ________.
A.I do B.I will C.I did D.I can
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——昨天谁锁门了?——我锁了。
考查一般过去时。I do我做的/我愿意,用于一般现在时;I will我会的,用于一般将来时;I did我做的,用于一般过去时;I can我可以,用于一般现在时。根据问句“Who locked the door yesterday ”可知询问的是过去的事情,因此回答也应用一般过去时。故选C。
6.(2022·湖南益阳·中考真题)—You look tired. I wonder ________ last night.
—I didn’t go to bed until eleven for preparing a report.
A.when you go to bed B.when you went to bed C.when did you go to bed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你看起来很疲惫。我想知道你昨晚什么时候睡觉的。——为了准备一份报告,我直到11点才去睡觉。
考查宾语从句。分析成分可知,空格处到句末为宾语从句,应用陈述句语序,排除C;根据“last night”可知,此宾语从句应用一般过去时。故选B。
7.(2022·湖南湘西·中考真题)It only takes us two hours to go from Jishou to Changsha by train when Zhang-Ji-Huai high-speed railway ________ in December last year.
A.opens B.opened C.will open
【答案】B
【详解】句意:去年12月张吉怀高铁开通,从吉首坐火车到长沙只需要两个小时
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last year” 可知句子时态用一般过去时,open的过去式时opened。故选B。
8.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)WangYaping, the female(女性的)Chinese space walker, ________ her first space walk in November, 2021.
A.has begun B.begins C.began
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国女太空行走者王亚平于2021年11月开始了她的首次太空行走。
考查动词时态。根据“ in November, 2021.”可知动作发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故选C。
9.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ________
A.has he left B.was he leaving C.did he leave D.will he leave
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Daniel去北京出差了。——哦,我不知道。他什么时候离开的?
考查动词时态。根据“Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.”可知,“离开”的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,疑问句借助于助动词did,故选C。
10.(2022·吉林·中考真题)—Helen, why didn’t you come to the party yesterday
—Oh, I ________ for the speech competition.
A.prepares B.prepared C.will prepare
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Helen,你昨天为什么没有来参加派对?——哦,我在准备演讲比赛。
考查动词时态。根据问句“didn’t”可知,答语用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选B。
11.(2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)—Mike is from America but speaks perfect Chinese.
—So he does. He has learned Chinese by himself since he ________ college.
A.is attending B.has attended C.attended
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——迈克来自美国,但能说一口流利的中文。 ——是的。自从上大学以来,他就自学中文。
考查一般过去时。since后用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。故选C。
12.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)Li Lei ________ the school bus last Friday.
A.misses B.missed C.was missing D.has missed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:李雷上周五错过了校车。
考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“last Friday”可知,本句是一般过去时,动词用过去式missed。故选B。
13.(2022·四川达州·中考真题)— Bruce ________ so much in the past two years.
— Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active.
A.has changed; used to B.changed; is used to
C.changed; used to D.has changed; is used to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——布鲁斯在过去的两年中变化很大。——是的,他以前很害羞,但现在他很自信和积极。
考查时态。第一处根据“in the past two years”可知,用现在完成时,排除BC;第二处根据“but now he is confident and active”可知,强调与现在的对比,用used to be结构,是一般过去时。be used to do sth“被用来做某事”,不符合语境。故选A。
14.(2022·四川泸州·中考真题)—Lily, a concert is being held in our school for the birthday of the Communist Youth League of China (GYLC).
—I know. It has been 100 years since CYLC ________.
A.born B.was born C.is born D.has born
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——莉莉,我校正在为中国共青团的生日举办一场音乐会。——我知道。中国共青团诞生至今已有100年。
考查形容词短语。根据“since CYLC...”可知此处指“自从中国共青团诞生”,用系表结构be born,且是过去的动作,用一般过去时,主语是单数,be动词用was。故选B。
15.(2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题)China ________ nine gold medals at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
A.wins B.is winning C.won D.will win
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国在2022年北京冬奥会赢得了9枚金牌。
考查时态。根据“...at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.”可知此处指发生过的事情,用一般过去时。故选C。
16.(2022·江苏南通·模拟预测)—Has your aunt come back from New York
—Yes. She _________ there for three months to help people there fight against the flu.
A.has stayed B.stays C.stayed D.will stay
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你姑姑从纽约回来了吗?——是的,她在那里待了三个月,帮助那里的人们抗击流感。
考查动词的时态。根据“Has your aunt come back from New York ”和回答“Yes.”可知,已经从纽约回来,在那里帮助人们抗击流感这件事发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选C。
17.(2022·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)Neither the students nor the teacher ________ surprised at the news because they didn’t pay much attention to it.
A.were B.was C.is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:学生和老师均未对新闻感到惊讶,因为他们并未过多关注它。
考查连词的用法。当neither...nor...连接两个主语时,应遵循“就近原则”。即谓语与靠近的名词、代词在人称与数上保持一致的原则。在本句中,紧挨谓语的名词是“teacher”,是第三人称单数;结合句中“because they didn’t pay much attention to it”采用一般过去时可知,本句的时态应采用一般过去时,因此was符合题意。故选B。
18.(2022·福建省同安第一中学模拟预测)—Jack, could you take your guitar practice somewhere else Your sister is sleeping now.
—Sorry. I _________ know that. I will go to the yard.
A.didn’t B.don’t C.won’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Jack你能去别的地方练吉他吗?你妹妹正在睡觉。——对不起。我不知道。我去院子里练。
考查一般过去时态的否定句。根据“Sorry...I will go to the yard”可知,此处表示“我不知道这件事”,陈述刚才犯错时的情况,用一般过去时,主语是I,含有实义动词,变成否定句要借助助动词did+not,因此选didn’t。故选A。
19.(2022·安徽·一模)—Tom, you didn’t go to the costume party yesterday
—________ I went to my piano lesson.
A.Yes, I did. B.No, I didn’t. C.Yes, I had. D.No, I hadn’t.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Tom,你昨天没去化妆舞会吗?——是的,我没去。我去上钢琴课了。
考查语法一致的原则。根据“didn’t”可知,答语也要用did或didn’t,排除C和D选项。根据“I went to my piano lesson”可知,没有去参加化妆舞会。故选B。
20.(2022·河北·张家口市第二十中学模拟预测)It’s been two years since my grandparents ________ with us. And we’re living together happily.
A.live B.have lived C.lived D.will live
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我祖父母和我们住在一起已经两年了。我们在一起幸福地生活着。
考查动词时态。固定句式:It has been+一段时间+since+从句,从句要用一般过去时,故选C。
21.(2022·福建·厦门一中模拟预测)It has been fifty years since my grandfather ________ his hometown. How he wished he could go back to see his birthplace again.
A.leaves. B.leaving C.left
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我祖父离开家乡已经50年了。他多么希望能回到自己的出生地。
考查动词时态。根据题意是since引导的现在完成时,遵循主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时态,leave“离开”,是动词,过去式是left,故选C。
22.(2022·江苏南京·二模)—Mark’s car ________ a cloud of dust as he drove off.
—That’s why we dislike him.
A.raised B.rose C.was raised D.was raising
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——马克开车走时,他的车扬起了一阵尘土。——这就是我们不喜欢他的原因。
考查动词以及时态。raise升起,及物动词;rise上升,不及物动词。此空后接宾语a cloud of dust,此空应填一个及物动词。根据“drove”可知,句子是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选A。
23.(2022·江苏苏州·模拟预测)Jane ________ for 15 years, yet she still doesn’t know what kind of man she ________.
A.has been married; married B.has got married; married to
C.has been married; has married with D.has married; has married to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:简已经结婚15年了,但她仍然不知道她嫁给了什么样的男人。
考查现在完成时和一般过去时的用法。marry“结婚”,是非延续性动词。根据“ for 15 years”可知此处应用其延续性动词形式:be married,故排除B、D选项。再根据“yet she still doesn’t know what kind of man she ”可知此处是表示过去的动作,用一般过去时,故选A。
24.(2022·天津·模拟预测)Few people ________ the chance to learn to read before printing was invented.
A.have B.had C.has D.have had
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在印刷术发明之前,很少有人有机会学习阅读。
考查动词时态。根据“before printing was invented”可知,此处描述过去的情况,时态为一般过去时,故选B。
25.(2022·黑龙江·鸡西市第一中学校一模)—What did your brother ask you five minutes ago
—He asked me ________.
A.whom I was talking with
B.whether I will play sports tomorrow
C.where would I go with my friend
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你哥哥五分钟前问你什么了? ——他问我在和谁说话。
考查宾语从句和动词时态。此处为宾语从句,宾语从句要用陈述句语序,排除C选项;根据“What did your brother ask you five minutes ago ”可知,时态为一般过去时。故选A。
26.(2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测)My grandma ________ in the country. Now she ________ in the city.
A.used to live; lives B.used to living; lived C.uses to live; is living D.was used to live; lives
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我奶奶过去住在乡下。现在她住在城里。
考查动词短语辨析。短语used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”;根据“Now she ...in the city.”可知上文是“过去住在乡下”,live“居住”,是动词,第二空时间状语Now,可知是一般现在时态,主语是she,是第三人称单数,谓语动词变第三人称单数,故选A。
27.(2022·甘肃武威·模拟预测)Her son ________ Coke, but now he always drinks mineral water.
A.used to drink B.was drinking C.is used to drinking D.is used to drink
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她儿子过去常喝可乐,但现在他总是喝矿泉水。
考查固定短语。used to do sth.过去常常做某事;be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事;be used to do sth.被用来做某事。根据“now”可知,此处表过去和现在的对比,指过去常喝可乐,现在喝矿泉水。故选A。
28.(2022·安徽合肥·三模)— Where have you been these days
—I’ve just come back from Canada. I ________ there for three weeks.
A.have stayed B.stayed C.stay D.will stay
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这些天你去哪儿了 ——我刚从加拿大回来。我在那儿待了三个星期。
考查动词时态。根据“I’ve just come back from Canada”可知人已经从加拿大回来了,说话人现在不在加拿大,所以空处句子表示说话人在过去某一具体时间存在的状态,用一般过去时态。故选B。
29.(2022·江苏·苏州市振华中学校模拟预测)When she was asked about that terrible night, her voice shook as she spoke about the person who ________ her.
A.attracted B.attacked C.contacted D.connected
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当被问到那个可怕的夜晚时,她的声音颤抖起来,因为她谈到了袭击她的人。
考查动词辨析。attracted吸引;attacked袭击;contacted联系;connected连接。根据“her voice shook”可知,因为谈到袭击她的人,所以声音颤抖。故选B。
30.(2022·天津·模拟预测)Nancy ________ in a Chinese high school as an exchange student for two months last year.
A.has studied B.studies C.studied D.was studying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:去年南希作为交换生在一所中国高中学习了两个月。
考查动词时态。has studied学习,用于现在完成时;studies学习,动词三单形式,用于一般现在时;studied动词过去式,用于一般过去时;was studying正在学习,用于过去进行时。根据句尾“last year去年”可知,last year用于一般过去时,动词需用过去式;study的过去式为studied。故选C。
31.(2022·江苏·仪征市第三中学模拟预测)﹣Haven't you handed in your project?
﹣Yes. My classmates and I on it for the whole weekend.
A.have worked B.are working C.work D.worked
【答案】D
【详解】句意:﹣你没有把你的项目交上来吗?﹣是的,我和我的同学一起工作了整个周末。
考查一般过去时态。have worked现在完成时态;are working现在进行时态.work工作,动词原形;worked过去时。工作了整个周末,这件事发生在过去,用一般过去时态,谓语动词用过去式worked。故选D。
32.(2022·北京·模拟预测)—How was your weekend
—Great! We ____ a picnic by the lake.
A.have B.are having C.had D.will have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——周末过得如何?——好极了,我们在湖边野餐。
考查动词的时态。根据“How was your weekend ”可知这事已经发生了,应用一般过去时。故选C。
33.(2022·山东·模拟预测)-Have you ever been to Shanghai
-Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.
A.worked B.was working C.would work D.have worked
【答案】A
【详解】句意:— —你去过上海吗? — —当然。实际上,我在那里工作了六年,但现在我住在台州。A为一般过去时;B为过去进行时;C为过去将来时;D为现在完成时。根据Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou. 实际上,我在那里工作了六年,但现在我住在台州。可知,我是六年前在上海工作的,因此应该用一般过去时,故选A。
34.(2022·江苏·南通田家炳中学模拟预测)— Has your father come back from Shanghai
— Yes. He ________ there for about one month to help people there fight against the virus.
A.has stayed B.stays C.stayed D.will stay
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你父亲从上海回来了吗?——是的。他已经在那里呆了大约一个月,帮助那里的人们抗击病毒。
考查时态。根据“Yes.”可知,已经从上海回来了,因此是过去发生的事,用一般过去时态;故选C。
35.(2022·福建·模拟预测)How time flies! Four years has passed since I ________ to No.69 Middle School.
A.come B.came C.have come
【答案】B
【详解】句意:时间过得多快!自从我来到第69中学,四年已经过去了。
考查动词时态。根据“since”可知,since引导时间状语从句时,表示“自从……以来”,从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时/现在完成进行时,因此这里是came。故选B。
36.(2022·安徽·模拟预测)— How does Jack usually go to school
— He ________ ride a bike, but now he ________ there to lose weight.
A.used to; gets used to walk
B.was used to; is used to walking
C.used to; get used to walking
D.used to; has got used to walking
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——Jack通常怎么上学?——他过去常常骑自行车,但是现在为了减肥,他习惯走路到那。
考查动词短语辨析。used to do sth过去常常做某事;be used to do sth被用来做某事;get/be used to doing sth习惯做某事。根据“but now”可知,前半句是描述过去发生的事情,故第一空填used to,排除B选项。后半句是描述现在习惯做的事情,排除A选项,主语he是第三人称,动词用三单形式或助动词用has,故选D。