牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Back to the past Grammar and usage课件（共21张PPT）

(共21张PPT)
Unit 3
Back to the past
Grammar and usage
Predicative Clause
By the end of this class, you will be able to:
1.identify the use of predicative clauses;
2.work out the rules of predicative clauses;
3.use predicative clauses to finish related tasks.
What do the sentences have in common in their structures
predicative
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态的,表语常由____________________________________________________________________________________________ 等来充当。
The two policies are contradictory.
This is a water pump.
His job is to handle the problem.
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、
形容词、副词、不定式和从句
One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
_________
__________________________
主语
系动词
表语从句
总结：
表语从句是指______________________, 紧跟在________之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。用_______语序。
结构：___________________________。
从句在句子中充当表语
系动词
___
主语+系动词+引导词+简单句
陈述
Linking Verbs
系动词
be动词
感官类
变化类
am, is, are, was, were；
look, sound, smell, taste, feel；
变得：become, get, turn, grow, go;
保持：keep, stay, remain;
可以接表语从句系动词有：五感、五变、三保持、二像，一是
”似乎”
seem, appear
Exploring the rules
Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE. Influenced by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.
Below is an essay on the great historian Sima Qian. Find the sentences with predicative clauses and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.
His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to official books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
As he carried on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. However, he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father’s dream, in good times or bad times. After more than ten years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, was completed.
Working out the rules
We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.
We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (1) _________. We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (2) _____________. We can use what, why, when, where, etc. to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (3) ___________.
statement
yes-no question
wh-question
对... ...感兴趣
周游全国
获取广泛的信息
接替他父亲成为太史令
方便他接触... ...
整理可用的资源
take an interest in ...
travel extensively across the country
get a wide range of information
succeed his father as Grand Historian
facilitate his access to ...
sort out available resources
Useful Expressions
需要艰苦的努力
有效且高效地
继续某事
被关进监狱
身体上和精神上
无论顺境还是逆境
require painstaking efforts
effectively and efficiently
carry on with ...
be put in prison
physically and mentally
in good times or bad times
Useful Expressions
引导词
从属连词: that, whether, as if, as though, because …
连接副词: when, where, how, why, …+(ever)
连接代词: what, who, whom, whose, which, …+ever
Predicative clauses
(1)从属连词: that & whether
用法归纳：
a. that引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/没有意义。
b. whether引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻译为“______”。注意，引导表语从句时通常不用if。
连接
√
√
连接
√
是否
1. His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.
2. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
(1)从属连词: because
1. He failed the math exam. That’s because he was too careless.
2. He was too careless. That’s why he failed the math exam.
3. The reason why he failed the math exam is that he was too careless.
用法归纳：
That is because … 那是因为...
That is why … 那就是为什么...
The reason why...is/was that ... ...的原因是...
(1)从属连词: as if / as though
“似乎、好像”
as if/ as though引导的表语从句
如果是事实，就用陈述语气；
如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气:
从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；
从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had +过去分词；
从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would/might/could+动词原形)。
As if that ______(be) not enough, Jessica returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child.
were
(1)从属连词: as if / as though
1. He looks as if he ________(be) a rich man.
2. He looked just as if he ___________(look) ten years before.
3. It looks as if _________________ .
看起来好像要下雨了。
4. It seems as if he (benefit) a lot from the projects.
had looked
were
it might rain
benefits
(2) 连接代词: who, whom, whose, which, what, wh-ever
1. The problem is who could do the work.
2. The question is who/whom I should ask for advice.
3. My trouble is whose advice I should follow.
4. My top concern is which job is suitable for me.
5. Exercise is what keeps us healthy.
6. That mountain is no longer what it used to be.
用法归纳：
连接代词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作_____________________)等。
连接
主语,宾语,表语,定语
what可以表示“什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）”
主语
宾语
定语
定语
主语
表语
(3) 连接副词：when, where, why, how...
M: The small village is where Mary lives. She became disabled
after a car accident. That was when she was in high school.
W: Poor girl! The question is how she has managed to live a
normal life.
M: She is an optimistic girl gifted in painting. Her works are
popular online. That’s why she can earn her living.
用法归纳：
连接副词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。
连接
状语
(4) 特殊规则：特定名词+that+（should）do结构
用法归纳：
表示___________________(advise, suggestion, request, proposal, idea, demand,order) 等后面的表语，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,should可省略。
建议，要求，命令
My advice is that you (should) think it over before you make a decision.
引导词
连词
连接代词
连接副词
在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用
在从句中作主宾表定语
在从句中作状语
that, whether, as if/as though, because
what, which, who(m), whose，
whatever,whichever, whoever
when, where, why, how
表示建议、命令、要求等名词后的表语从句要用虚拟语气：（should）+do
Summary
Applying the rules
which
that
that
why
whether
how
that
that
how
why
Applying the rules