Unit 1 Past and Present综合素质评价卷（含答案）译林波英语八年级下册
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Unit 1 综合素质评价
(限时：120 分钟 满分：100 分)
一、单项选择(共15 小题；每小题1 分, 满分15 分)
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. — Lucy hasn’t come back from the library ________.
— Yes, I have ________ called her.
A. already; yet B. yet; yet
C. already; already D. yet; already
( )2. My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use.
A. unless B. since C. if D. when
( )3. People have built more and more tall buildings here ________ the years. But at the same time, the city has become more crowded.
A. on B. to C. over D. since
( )4. — Bob, I want to buy a car, but I don’t have enough money. Do you have any good ideas
—Why not buy a used car My cousin has one in perfect ________.
A. condition B. situation
C. communication D. information
( )5. — I am feeling bad today and I feel nothing goes well.
— Take it easy. ________, tomorrow is another day.
A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Anyway
( )6. I don’t feel ________ when I am ________ at home because I have many books to read.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely
C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
( )7. Sometimes people don’t________ how important something is until they lose it.
A. describe B. realize C. hope D. return
( )8. — Have you ________ been to Nanjing, Han Mei
—No, never. I plan to go there this summer holiday.
A. ever B. still C. yet D. already
( )9. Mr Wang ________ a beautiful lady in 2018. He and his wife ________ for six years.
A. got married with; have been married
B. married; have been married
C. married to; have got married
D. got married to; have got married
( )10. —I’m glad to see that the school has ________ the open space ________ a basketball court.
—Me too. We can play basketball there.
A. moved; into B. grown; into C. turned; into D. put; into
( )11. I’m very busy with my work, but I come back home to see my parents ________.
A. from time to time B. at all times
C. at one time D. for the first time
( )12. Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.
A. is learning B. was learning
C. will learn D. has learned
( )13. ________, life here is better now than before.
A. On the way B. In the way
C. All the way D. In some ways
( )14. Linda used to ________ afraid of darkness but she has got used to ________ alone now.
A. be; live B. being; living C. being; live D. be; living
( )15. — So you missed the meeting
— ________. I got there five minutes before it finished.
A. Not at all B. Not exactly
C. Not seriously D. Not especially
二、完形填空(共15 小题；每小题1 分, 满分15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever been to Saihanba It is a very big forest 16 in Chengde, Hebei. In Mongolian, its name 17 “beautiful highland”. Just as its name suggests, endless forests and grasslands are dotted with (遍布着) clear lakes.
Saihanba 18 to be a royal (皇家的) hunting ground. During the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi liked Saihanba so much that he made 19 there as a royal activity.
In 1860, 20 a shortage (缺少) of money, the land was opened to all people. In the following years, cutting down trees and wildfires quickly 21 the forests and grasslands. By the 1950s, Saihanba had become poor land 22 animals or plants. The plans to rebuild a national 23 in Saihanba started in the 1960s. In 1961, a group of six scientists travelled to Saihanba and studied the possibility of 24 trees there. They 25 found one tree standing alone in the large land, which greatly encouraged (鼓励) them. From then on, they decided to 26 Saihanba into a new national forest.
In the past 63 years, after overcoming (克服) the difficulties of planting trees in a very cold place, great 27 have taken place in Saihanba. The poor land has 28 a large and beautiful forest. Chinese people have created a true wonder in Saihanba over the past half-century.
Today, Saihanba has been 29 as the “Emerald (绿宝石) of North China”. It is very important 30 Beijing’s water and air quality (质量). It is also a natural protection that can prevent sandstorms.
( )16. A. lies B. lying C. lied D. lay
( )17. A. keeps B. realizes C. means D. replies
( )18. A. failed B. tried C. used D. agreed
( )19. A. climbing B. fishing C. jogging D. hunting
( )20. A. instead of B. according to
C. thanks to D. because of
( )21. A. lost B. cut C. broke D. left
( )22. A. with B. to C. for D. without
( )23. A. museum B. forest C. wetland D. park
( )24. A. making B. building C. keeping D. growing
( )25. A. finally B. recently C. mainly D. nearly
( )26. A. carry B. come C. put D. turn
( )27. A. memories B. changes
C. times D. conditions
( )28. A. found B. kept C. become D. made
( )29. A. lonely B. active C. perfect D. famous
( )30. A. for B. at C. with D. about
三、阅读理解(共两节, 满分35 分)
第一节(共15 小题；每小题2 分, 满分30 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Now cities are full of cars. Some families even have two or more cars, so parking is becoming a big problem. The traffic in some cities is getting worse and worse, too. Car drivers drive so fast that there are more traffic accidents.
More and more people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. Mr. White often sees people in the restaurant eating face to face while they are looking at their own mobile phones. He thinks it is strange that they don’t talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun chatting with others on the phone.
Most families own at least one computer now. A study found that children use the Internet more and more. The number of children using the Internet has grown by three times in the past three years. Mr. White’s grandson is a middle school student. He often stays up late playing computer games on the Internet. He falls asleep in the early hours of the morning and spends little time doing homework. His teacher told Mr. White that his grandson failed another test. Mr. White got very angry.
Mr. White thinks that life used to be simple and happy, but now it has changed a lot.
( )31. Why don’t people talk to each other during the meal
A. They don’t know each other.
B. They are busy looking at their phones.
C. They are unhappy with each other.
D. They are tired after a day’s work.
( )32. What changes have taken place in people’s life according to the passage
① Most families own computers. ② The traffic is getting worse and worse. ③ Some families have two or more cars. ④ There is more room for parking.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
( )33. From the passage, we can infer (推测) that ________.
A. Mr. White’s grandson is not interested in the Internet
B. Mr. White used to be a worker in a factory
C. Mr. White is worried about his grandson
D. Mr. White likes today’s life more than that of the old days
B
Cameron Patterson, a British student, spent his childhood in China. He has seen many great changes in the country over the past 15 years, especially trains.
At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi. In the following years, he and his parents lived in a few cities. They also travelled a lot during holidays. However, traveling itself wasn’t always relaxing. When his family moved from Jiangsu to Guangdong, they took the old green train and spent one and a half days on the trip.
Now with high-speed trains, life becomes much easier. Long and boring trips in the past have become shorter. Also, the modern trains are more comfortable. “A coin ( 硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast moving train, ” he said excitedly.
Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model ( 榜样) Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer. Jiao was seriously ill at that time, but still kept working to help people till the end of his life. Jiao devoted (献身) himself to improving people’s life. “He was really great. I learn a lot from him,” said Patterson.
Patterson now works as a Confucius Institute volunteer at Lancaster University. “I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better. ”
( )34. From the first two paragraphs, what do we know about Patterson
A. He moved to China at an early age.
B. He didn’t feel any changes in China.
C. He took great interest in China’s history.
D. He was always excited when taking the old green train.
( )35. The writer shows the modern trains are more comfortable by ________.
A. playing a trick B. asking a question
C. giving an example D. showing a picture
( )36. Why does Patterson mention (提及) the story of Jiao Yulu
A. To ask readers to study harder.
B. To tell readers to read poems.
C. To make foreign readers learn Chinese.
D. To show that people like him help China become stronger.
( )37. According to the passage, we can infer Patterson ________.
A. wants more people to travel around the world
B. enjoys acting as a bridge between the UK and China
C. thinks it is useless to learn cultures of other countries
D. feels happy to live in China with more people from the UK
C
When I was very young, people in our village lived by planting fruit trees. My grandmother always took me to the orchard (果园) on the hill. At that time, they had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to halfway up the hill. Even though we worked so hard, the production (产量) level of fruit was still low because it was short of water there.
One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about the difficulties we faced, and later, canals (渠) and other projects began to be built in my village.“Who are they ” I asked. “They are good men from our government,” my grandma replied.
Shortly afterwards, I moved to another city for my junior high school. The only reason I ever came back to my hometown was my grandmother.
One day, my family and I made time to return. We were surprised because everything had changed. The canal ran past every orchard so villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill anymore. The river was now so clean that fish swam happily in it. When we arrived home, my grandma took out some fresh pears and apples. She told us that after the water conservation project (水利工程) was completed, a policy (政策) was made to encourage more people to increase (增加) the fruit production with clean water in the river.
Thank those good men who have devoted themselves to the development of our countryside.
Nowadays, people work hard to live in a big city. However, we should not forget our hometowns where we are from.
( )38. The good men came and offered help probably because of ________ .
A. the villagers’ suggestions
B. the government’s support
C. a school’s practical activity
D. a company’s engineering plan
( )39. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. the grandmother doesn’t like to live in the city
B. the village is a place of interest for tourists now
C. there will be more fruit production in the village
D. more people like to work in the countryside nowadays
( )40. The underlined phrase “devoted themselves to” is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. prepared much for B. donated money to
C. drawn public attention to D. put much effort into
( )41. What can be the best title for the passage
A. How is a village improved
B. Who are the good men
C. Why do people come back
D. What does a hometown mean
D
A loud noise wakes Jan up suddenly. She looks at the alarm clock beside the bed.
It’s five o’clock. Then she hears the noise again. It’s thunder. Then she hears a different noise. It’s the sound of something hitting the window. She gets up and goes to the window. She can see Tom standing outside in the rain. He’s shouting at Jan to tell her to come outside.
Jan gets dressed, puts on her jacket and goes downstairs quietly, trying not to wake Tom’s parents up.
“What are you doing, Tom ”
“The storm!” he says, “It’s the same storm as Thursday night’s. Let’s go to the tree. Maybe you can go home!”
Jan follows Tom down the road and then she remembers something.
“The time capsule (胶囊)!”
Tom shows her the biscuit tin under his jacket. “I’ve got it. ” And now maybe there’s the possibility that she can return to the future. Soon they come to the river and then the old building. They run up the path through the trees and arrive at the piece of land with the apple tree.
“Now what do we do ” asks Jan.
“I put the time capsule back where I found it and...”
“And I go home. ”
“Yes. ”
Tom uses his hands to dig a hole by the tree. He buries the time capsule and then stands up.
Jan suddenly thinks of something. “Tom! I want to give you something from the time capsule.”
“No. I don’t want anything. It’s more important for you to go home.”
Jan feels sad that Tom doesn’t want anything to remember her. But he’s right. The important thing is to get home.
“I’m never going to forget you, Tom. Thanks. You’re a real friend.”
“Bye, Jan. Look for me in the future. Promise(承诺) ”
“I promise.”
Then he turns and runs back to the trees. Jan watches his shadow disappear into the trees.
—Adapted from The Time Capsule
( )42. The underlined word “possibility” means “________”.
A. decision B. success C. chance D. discussion
( )43. What does the underlined part mean in the passage
A. Tom refuses Jan to make her forget him.
B. Tom doesn’t want anything to remember Jan.
C. Tom wants Jan to go home as soon as possible.
D. Tom advises Jan to take him to her home in the future.
( )44. If Jan wants to go home, which of the following is necessary
a. The jacket. b. The apple tree. c. The time capsule. d. The thunderstorm.
A. abc B. abd C. acd D. bcd
( )45. What can we infer(推断) from the passage
A. Jan digs a hole by the tree by herself.
B. Jan gives Tom something to remember her.
C. Jan lives in Tom’s home before she goes back home.
D. Jan and Tom haven’t seen each other for a long time.
第二节(共5 小题；每小题1 分, 满分5 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It seems very natural that if you have two dollars and add two dollars to them, you have four dollars. 46. ________ In fact, one of the most difficult things to teach children is the ideas of numbers.
In ancient (古代的) times, when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system (体系) of numbers to use. 47. ________ The more animals, the more stones or pebbles he had. It may explain why the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus” which means “stone”.
48. ________ People would just scratch (划下痕迹)a line or tally mark for each object they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number.
The next step in the development of the number system was probably to use fingers. 49. ________ The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”. It means “finger”! And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the general use of 10 in the system of numbers.
The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during the 8th to the 11th century by Arab traders. In this system all numbers are written with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and zero. 50. ________
A. He put a stone or pebble into a bag for each animal.B. But do you know it took man millions of years to be able to think this way C. It is the decimal system(十进制). It is built on the base of 10.D. There were many ways to remember the numbers in the past.E. Later on, man used tally marks to count.F. Again we have a word that goes back to this.G. He had many stones and pebbles in his bag.
四、 根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释, 写出句中所缺单词(共10 小题, 每小题1 分, 满分10 分)
51. The boys are playing basketball in the playground at __________ (现在).
52. Have you heard from your sister in the USA __________ (近来), Jack
53. I think you should __________ (give back) the books to the school library as soon as possible.
54. How many h would stay at home and take care of the children while their wives go out to work
55. Body language is a form of __________ (交流). Standing with open arms means that you are friendly in the West.
56. The designer likes to choose the bright __________ (初级的) colours for his designs.
57. In Kunshan, Suzhou, there are a lot of f and the workers are from different places of China.
58. He comes from the n part of China.
59. — I saw Lucy in the street yesterday.
— That’s __________ (not possible). She has gone to Europe for a holiday.
60. The overseas experience may help make our life successful. So why not try to study __________ (in a foreign country)
五、根据短文内容, 用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空, 使短文完整(共10 小题；每小题1 分, 满分10 分)
Zhang Hua lives in a village at the foot of a big mountain. It 61. __________ (use) to be a very poor village.
Twenty years ago, the villagers’ living conditions were very hard. People 62.__________ (throw) rubbish everywhere, so the environment was very dirty. When the girls in the village got married and 63. __________ (leave) the village, they seldom returned to the village. There were no fridges, no TVs and no mobile phones at that time. People 64. __________ (have) to communicate with friends far away by writing letters. There 65. __________ (be) only a small primary school in the village. The children had to walk to study in a middle school thirty kilometres away from their village.
But now everything 66. __________ (change). The village is much cleaner than before. People 67. __________ (become) rich. They have enough money to travel around the country. Some of them can even go abroad for a trip. People 68.__________ (build) a modern school. The children don’t need to walk a long way to school anymore.
Most of the people 69. __________ (have) their own mobile phones. They can keep in touch with their friends very 70. __________ (easy). Zhang Hua is happy with the changes.
六、书面表达(满分15 分)
随着社会的发展, 我们的生活变得越来越好。学校英语角本周的主题是“Changes around us”。请你根据下面的提示, 用英语写一篇短文, 谈谈自己的看法。
要点：
1. 必须包括所有提示内容, 不要逐词翻译, 可以适当发挥, 使短文语言通顺, 意思连贯；
2. 词数90 左右, 文章的开头已经给出, 不计入总词数；
3. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. ______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 1 综合素质评价 答案及点拨
一、1. D 【点拨】用词义辨析法。句意为“——露西还没有从图书馆回来。——对。我已经打电话给她了”。already和yet 都用于完成时, 但already 一般用于肯定句中, 而yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。故选D。
2. B 【点拨】句意为“自从地铁投入使用以来, 我的家乡改变了很多”。unless 除非；since 自从；if 如果；when 当……时。分析句子可知从句是一般过去时, 主句是现在完成时, 用since 引导时间状语从句。故选B。
3. C 【点拨】考查介词辨析。句意为“这些年来, 人们在这里建造了越来越多的高楼。但与此同时, 城市变得更加拥挤”。on 在( 某一天)；to 到, 至；over 在…… 期间；since 自……以后。此处是现在完成时, 用over the years, 意为“多年以来”, 故选C。
4. A 【点拨】用词义辨析法。condition 状况。根据“Why not buy a used car My cousin has one in perfect...”可知, 此处指车的“状况”不错, 应用condition。故选A。
5. D 【点拨】考查副词辨析。句意为“——我今天心情不好, 觉得一切都不顺利。——放轻松。无论如何, 明天又是一天”。Instead 反而；However 然而、不管怎样；Otherwise 否则；Anyway 即使这样、无论如何。根据前面“Take it easy.”和后面的“tomorrow is another day”可知, 空处应是“Anyway”表示“即使这样、无论如何”来表达一个人的观点。故选D。
6. A 【点拨】根据“I don’t feel...”可知第一空表示情感上的孤独, 用lonely；再由“when I am... at home”可知第二空表示客观上独自一人, 用alone。故选A。
7. B 【点拨】考查动词辨析。句意为“有时候, 人们直到失去了才意识到某物有多重要”。describe 描述；realize 意识到；hope 希望；return 返回。根据语境可知, 此处是指失去后才“意识到”有多重要。故选B。
8. A
9. B 【点拨】用语境分析法。句意为“王先生2018 年娶了一位漂亮的女士。他和妻子结婚六年了”。got married with和married to 均为错误结构, 英语中表达“和某人结婚”时不能用with；可用marry sb. 和be/get married to 结构；根据语境及句中的“in 2018”可知, 第一空应该用一般过去时, 而第二空所在句时间状语是“for six years”, 所以应该用完成时, 而marry 和get married 不能延续, 不能与一段时间连用, 而表达结婚已经有一段时间要用be married。故选B。
10. C 【点拨】turn... into... “把……变成……”, 此处指把开阔的空地变成篮球场。
11. A 【点拨】根据语境可知是时不时地回家看望父母, from time to time“不时, 有时, 偶尔”。
12. D 【点拨】考查时态。句意为“自从Eric 对科学感兴趣以来, 他已经学习了很多东西”。根据“since he became interested in science”可知, 句子应用现在完成时。故选D。
13. D
14. D 【点拨】句意为“琳达过去害怕黑暗, 但现在她已经习惯了独自生活”。used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”, 所以第一空应用动词原形be; get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”, 所以第二空用living。故选D。
15. B 【点拨】Not exactly 不完全是。根据“I got there five minutes before it finished.”可知, “没有完全”错过会议。故选B。
二、【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了塞罕坝发生的巨大变化, 它由一片贫瘠的土地变成了一片美丽的大森林。这个事例展现了我们祖国越来越美、越来越强大。
16. B 【点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一个位于河北承德的非常大的森林。现在分词短语作后置定语。故选B。
17. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：在蒙古语中, 它的名字是“美丽的高地”的意思。动词mean 意为“意思是”。故选C。
18. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：塞罕坝曾经是一个皇家的猎场。used to be 意为“曾经是”。故选C。
19. D 【点拨】根据本段第一句话可知, 此处指“狩猎”。故选D。
20. D 【点拨】考查短语辨析。句意：1860 年, 因为缺钱, 这片土地向所有人开放。because of 因为, 由于, 符合语境。instead of 代替；according to 按照, 根据；thanks to 多亏, 均与语境不符。故选D。
21. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：在接下来的几年里, 砍伐树木和野火迅速破坏了森林和草原。break 破坏, 符合语境。故选C。
22. D 【点拨】考查介词。句意：到20 世纪50 年代, 塞罕坝已成为贫瘠的土地, 没有动物和植物。介词without 意为“无, 没有”, 符合语境。故选D。
23. B 【点拨】考查名词。句意：塞罕坝国家森林重建计划始于20 世纪60 年代。根据语境及本段最后的“a new national forest”可知, 空白处应用forest 表示“森林”, 符合语境。故选B。
24. D 【点拨】grow trees 意为“植树”, 符合语境。故选D。
25. A 【点拨】考查副词。句意：最后他们找到了一棵树, 它独自站立在这片广阔的土地上, 这极大地鼓励了他们。finally 最后, 终于, 符合语境。故选A。
26. D 【点拨】考查动词。句意：从那时起, 他们决定把塞罕坝变成一个新的国家森林。turn... into... 把……变成……, 是固定搭配。故选D。
27. B 【点拨】考查名词。change 意为“变化”, 符合语境。故选B。
28. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：这片贫瘠的土地已经变成了一片美丽的大森林。过去分词become 意为“变成”, 符合语境。故选C。
29. D 【点拨】be famous as 意为“作为……而闻名”, 是固定搭配。故选D。
30. A 【点拨】考查介词。句意：这对北京的水和空气质量很重要。介词for 意为“对于”, 符合语境。故选A。
三、第一节
A【主旨大意】本文讲述了怀特先生认为现在的生活已经改变了很多, 没有过去的生活那样简单和快乐了。
31. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据文中“Mr. White... during the meal.”可知, 人们在吃饭的时候不说话是因为大家都在玩手机。故选B。
32. A 【点拨】细节理解题。根据文中“Some families... worse and worse, too.” 及“Most families own at least one computer now.”可知选A。
33. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据文中“His teacher told... got very angry.”可知, 怀特先生很担心他的孙子。故选C。
B【主旨大意】本文是一记叙文。文章以英国学生Cameron Patterson 的视角介绍了中国近年来的飞速发展。他现在作为中英两国文化交流的桥梁, 他感到骄傲。
34. A 【点拨】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi.”可知, Cameron Patterson 在小时候就搬到了中国。故选A。
35. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Also, the modern trains are more comfortable.‘A coin (硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast moving train,’”可知, 作者通过举例子的方式说明了现在的火车更舒适。故选C。
36. D 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Patterson was... got the answer.”可知, 文章介绍焦裕禄的故事, 是为了告诉我们是像他一样的人让中国变得更强大。故选D。
37. B 【点拨】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I’m proud...cultures better.”可知, Patterson 喜欢充当中英文化交流的桥梁。故选B。
C【主旨大意】这篇文章介绍了作者家乡过去和现在的变化, 多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策, 让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。
38. B 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第二段中“They are good men from our government”可知, 因为“政府的支持”, 好人来提供帮助。故选B。
39. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第四段中“a policy (政策)was... clean water in the river”可知, 政策鼓励更多的人“增加水果产量”。故选C。
40. D 【点拨】短语猜测题。分析“Thank those good men who have devoted themselves to the development of our countryside.”可知, 该句意为“感谢那些为我们的农村发展做出贡献的好人们。”此处“devoted themselves to”的意思是“投身于；付出很多努力；做出贡献”。故选D。
41. A 【点拨】最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍作者家乡过去和现在的变化, 多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策, 让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。选项A“一个村庄是如何改善的 ”符合主题。故选A。
D【主旨大意】本文节选自《时间胶囊》, 主要讲述了Tom 通过埋时间胶囊, 帮助Jan 回家的故事。
42. C 【点拨】词义猜测题。根据“the possibility that she can return to the future”可知, 她有可能回到未来, 因此“possibility”在这里的意思是“机会、可能性”, 与选项C“chance”意思相近。
43. C 【点拨】语义猜测题。根据“No. I don’t want anything. It’s more important for you to go home.”及下文可知, Tom认为Jan 回家更重要, 故选C。
44. D 【点拨】细节理解题。根据文章内容可知Jan 需要暴风雨、苹果树和时光胶囊才能回家, 故选D。
45. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Jan gets dressed... parents up.”可知, Jan 下楼的时候不想吵醒Tom 的父母, 由此推断她回家前住在Tom 家。故选C。
第二节
【主旨大意】这篇文章介绍了算术的历史和发展。在古代, 人们早期是用石头计算自己所拥有的动物, 之后是画线来标记他们想要计算的东西, 随后用手指来计算, 并发展了数字体系等。
46. B 【点拨】根据前文“It seems... four dollars.”和后文“In fact, one... the ideas of numbers.”可知, 数字的概念是人类经过长时间的摸索才学会这样思考的。选项B“但你知道人类花了数百万年才能够这样思考吗 ”符合语境。故填B。
47. A 【点拨】根据后文“The more animals, the more stones or pebbles he had.”可知, 在古代, 人们用石头或卵石计数。选项A“他为每只动物放一块石头或卵石到袋子里。”符合语境。故填A。
48. E 【点拨】根据后文“People would just scratch (划下痕迹)... tell the number.”可知, 人们用计数标记来计数。选项E“后来, 人类用计数标记来计数。”符合语境。故填E。
49. F 【点拨】根据后文“The word ‘digit’ comes from the Latin word ‘digitus’.”可知, 选项F“我们还有一个词可以追溯到这个。”符合语境。故填F。
50. C 【点拨】根据前文“In this system... zero.”可知, 选项C“它是十进制, 它是建立在10 的基础上。”符合语境。故填C。
四、51. present 52. recently 53. return 54. husbands
munication 56. primary 57. factories
58. northern 59. impossible 60. abroad
五、【主旨大意】这篇文章讲述了一个小山村的变化。61. used 【点拨】used to be 意为“过去是”, 表示过去的状态, 故填used。
62. threw 【点拨】根据“Twenty years ago”可知, 用一般过去时, 故填threw。
63. left 【点拨】根据前面的并列谓语动词“got”可知, 动词leave 也应用过去式。故填left。
64. had 【点拨】本段是介绍20 年前的情况, 应用一般过去时。故填had。
65. was 【点拨】本段是介绍20 年前的情况, 应用一般过去时；there be 结构的主语为单数, be 动词应用单数形式。故填was。
66. has changed 【点拨】应用现在完成时表示变化带来的影响；everything 作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。故填has changed。
67. have become 【点拨】此处下文描述变富有后的影响, 应用现在完成时；People 作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。故填have become。
68. have built 【点拨】动作build 发生在过去, 但对现在造成影响, 应用现在完成时；People 作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。故填have built。
69. have 【点拨】表示现在的状态, 应用一般现在时。故填have。
70. easily 【点拨】修饰动词用副词easily。
六、范文：
In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us.
As for travel, many people enjoy travelling in their spare time. Some people like travelling online and more and more people can afford to travel abroad. Our studies are also changing. For example, more and more students show an interest in reading. There is more group work and discussions done in class, which can help us learn more. More and more people have their own cars. At the same time, more and more people prefer to walk to work instead of driving. And high-speed trains make people travel faster and more easily. Our environment changes a lot, too. The air is fresher and the water is cleaner. We often take a walk happily in the park.
In a word, our life is becoming better and better. We look forward to a better future.
作文点评：这篇习作运用了“三步”法进行写作。第一步, 点明主旨：我们周围的生活发生了巨大的变化；第二步, 结合题干中所给的要点, 从旅行、学习、交通和环境方面来介绍发生的改变；第三步, 总结全文, 生活越来越好, 要对更好的未来保持期待。文中的画线词句表现了作者运用语言的能力；文章结尾处用比较级的形式, 表达了对美好的未来充满信心。
添彩点：文中画线词句是文章的亮点。
(限时：120 分钟 满分：100 分)
一、单项选择(共15 小题；每小题1 分, 满分15 分)
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. — Lucy hasn’t come back from the library ________.
— Yes, I have ________ called her.
A. already; yet B. yet; yet
C. already; already D. yet; already
( )2. My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use.
A. unless B. since C. if D. when
( )3. People have built more and more tall buildings here ________ the years. But at the same time, the city has become more crowded.
A. on B. to C. over D. since
( )4. — Bob, I want to buy a car, but I don’t have enough money. Do you have any good ideas
—Why not buy a used car My cousin has one in perfect ________.
A. condition B. situation
C. communication D. information
( )5. — I am feeling bad today and I feel nothing goes well.
— Take it easy. ________, tomorrow is another day.
A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Anyway
( )6. I don’t feel ________ when I am ________ at home because I have many books to read.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely
C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
( )7. Sometimes people don’t________ how important something is until they lose it.
A. describe B. realize C. hope D. return
( )8. — Have you ________ been to Nanjing, Han Mei
—No, never. I plan to go there this summer holiday.
A. ever B. still C. yet D. already
( )9. Mr Wang ________ a beautiful lady in 2018. He and his wife ________ for six years.
A. got married with; have been married
B. married; have been married
C. married to; have got married
D. got married to; have got married
( )10. —I’m glad to see that the school has ________ the open space ________ a basketball court.
—Me too. We can play basketball there.
A. moved; into B. grown; into C. turned; into D. put; into
( )11. I’m very busy with my work, but I come back home to see my parents ________.
A. from time to time B. at all times
C. at one time D. for the first time
( )12. Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.
A. is learning B. was learning
C. will learn D. has learned
( )13. ________, life here is better now than before.
A. On the way B. In the way
C. All the way D. In some ways
( )14. Linda used to ________ afraid of darkness but she has got used to ________ alone now.
A. be; live B. being; living C. being; live D. be; living
( )15. — So you missed the meeting
— ________. I got there five minutes before it finished.
A. Not at all B. Not exactly
C. Not seriously D. Not especially
二、完形填空(共15 小题；每小题1 分, 满分15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever been to Saihanba It is a very big forest 16 in Chengde, Hebei. In Mongolian, its name 17 “beautiful highland”. Just as its name suggests, endless forests and grasslands are dotted with (遍布着) clear lakes.
Saihanba 18 to be a royal (皇家的) hunting ground. During the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi liked Saihanba so much that he made 19 there as a royal activity.
In 1860, 20 a shortage (缺少) of money, the land was opened to all people. In the following years, cutting down trees and wildfires quickly 21 the forests and grasslands. By the 1950s, Saihanba had become poor land 22 animals or plants. The plans to rebuild a national 23 in Saihanba started in the 1960s. In 1961, a group of six scientists travelled to Saihanba and studied the possibility of 24 trees there. They 25 found one tree standing alone in the large land, which greatly encouraged (鼓励) them. From then on, they decided to 26 Saihanba into a new national forest.
In the past 63 years, after overcoming (克服) the difficulties of planting trees in a very cold place, great 27 have taken place in Saihanba. The poor land has 28 a large and beautiful forest. Chinese people have created a true wonder in Saihanba over the past half-century.
Today, Saihanba has been 29 as the “Emerald (绿宝石) of North China”. It is very important 30 Beijing’s water and air quality (质量). It is also a natural protection that can prevent sandstorms.
( )16. A. lies B. lying C. lied D. lay
( )17. A. keeps B. realizes C. means D. replies
( )18. A. failed B. tried C. used D. agreed
( )19. A. climbing B. fishing C. jogging D. hunting
( )20. A. instead of B. according to
C. thanks to D. because of
( )21. A. lost B. cut C. broke D. left
( )22. A. with B. to C. for D. without
( )23. A. museum B. forest C. wetland D. park
( )24. A. making B. building C. keeping D. growing
( )25. A. finally B. recently C. mainly D. nearly
( )26. A. carry B. come C. put D. turn
( )27. A. memories B. changes
C. times D. conditions
( )28. A. found B. kept C. become D. made
( )29. A. lonely B. active C. perfect D. famous
( )30. A. for B. at C. with D. about
三、阅读理解(共两节, 满分35 分)
第一节(共15 小题；每小题2 分, 满分30 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Now cities are full of cars. Some families even have two or more cars, so parking is becoming a big problem. The traffic in some cities is getting worse and worse, too. Car drivers drive so fast that there are more traffic accidents.
More and more people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. Mr. White often sees people in the restaurant eating face to face while they are looking at their own mobile phones. He thinks it is strange that they don’t talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun chatting with others on the phone.
Most families own at least one computer now. A study found that children use the Internet more and more. The number of children using the Internet has grown by three times in the past three years. Mr. White’s grandson is a middle school student. He often stays up late playing computer games on the Internet. He falls asleep in the early hours of the morning and spends little time doing homework. His teacher told Mr. White that his grandson failed another test. Mr. White got very angry.
Mr. White thinks that life used to be simple and happy, but now it has changed a lot.
( )31. Why don’t people talk to each other during the meal
A. They don’t know each other.
B. They are busy looking at their phones.
C. They are unhappy with each other.
D. They are tired after a day’s work.
( )32. What changes have taken place in people’s life according to the passage
① Most families own computers. ② The traffic is getting worse and worse. ③ Some families have two or more cars. ④ There is more room for parking.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
( )33. From the passage, we can infer (推测) that ________.
A. Mr. White’s grandson is not interested in the Internet
B. Mr. White used to be a worker in a factory
C. Mr. White is worried about his grandson
D. Mr. White likes today’s life more than that of the old days
B
Cameron Patterson, a British student, spent his childhood in China. He has seen many great changes in the country over the past 15 years, especially trains.
At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi. In the following years, he and his parents lived in a few cities. They also travelled a lot during holidays. However, traveling itself wasn’t always relaxing. When his family moved from Jiangsu to Guangdong, they took the old green train and spent one and a half days on the trip.
Now with high-speed trains, life becomes much easier. Long and boring trips in the past have become shorter. Also, the modern trains are more comfortable. “A coin ( 硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast moving train, ” he said excitedly.
Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model ( 榜样) Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer. Jiao was seriously ill at that time, but still kept working to help people till the end of his life. Jiao devoted (献身) himself to improving people’s life. “He was really great. I learn a lot from him,” said Patterson.
Patterson now works as a Confucius Institute volunteer at Lancaster University. “I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better. ”
( )34. From the first two paragraphs, what do we know about Patterson
A. He moved to China at an early age.
B. He didn’t feel any changes in China.
C. He took great interest in China’s history.
D. He was always excited when taking the old green train.
( )35. The writer shows the modern trains are more comfortable by ________.
A. playing a trick B. asking a question
C. giving an example D. showing a picture
( )36. Why does Patterson mention (提及) the story of Jiao Yulu
A. To ask readers to study harder.
B. To tell readers to read poems.
C. To make foreign readers learn Chinese.
D. To show that people like him help China become stronger.
( )37. According to the passage, we can infer Patterson ________.
A. wants more people to travel around the world
B. enjoys acting as a bridge between the UK and China
C. thinks it is useless to learn cultures of other countries
D. feels happy to live in China with more people from the UK
C
When I was very young, people in our village lived by planting fruit trees. My grandmother always took me to the orchard (果园) on the hill. At that time, they had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to halfway up the hill. Even though we worked so hard, the production (产量) level of fruit was still low because it was short of water there.
One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about the difficulties we faced, and later, canals (渠) and other projects began to be built in my village.“Who are they ” I asked. “They are good men from our government,” my grandma replied.
Shortly afterwards, I moved to another city for my junior high school. The only reason I ever came back to my hometown was my grandmother.
One day, my family and I made time to return. We were surprised because everything had changed. The canal ran past every orchard so villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill anymore. The river was now so clean that fish swam happily in it. When we arrived home, my grandma took out some fresh pears and apples. She told us that after the water conservation project (水利工程) was completed, a policy (政策) was made to encourage more people to increase (增加) the fruit production with clean water in the river.
Thank those good men who have devoted themselves to the development of our countryside.
Nowadays, people work hard to live in a big city. However, we should not forget our hometowns where we are from.
( )38. The good men came and offered help probably because of ________ .
A. the villagers’ suggestions
B. the government’s support
C. a school’s practical activity
D. a company’s engineering plan
( )39. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. the grandmother doesn’t like to live in the city
B. the village is a place of interest for tourists now
C. there will be more fruit production in the village
D. more people like to work in the countryside nowadays
( )40. The underlined phrase “devoted themselves to” is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. prepared much for B. donated money to
C. drawn public attention to D. put much effort into
( )41. What can be the best title for the passage
A. How is a village improved
B. Who are the good men
C. Why do people come back
D. What does a hometown mean
D
A loud noise wakes Jan up suddenly. She looks at the alarm clock beside the bed.
It’s five o’clock. Then she hears the noise again. It’s thunder. Then she hears a different noise. It’s the sound of something hitting the window. She gets up and goes to the window. She can see Tom standing outside in the rain. He’s shouting at Jan to tell her to come outside.
Jan gets dressed, puts on her jacket and goes downstairs quietly, trying not to wake Tom’s parents up.
“What are you doing, Tom ”
“The storm!” he says, “It’s the same storm as Thursday night’s. Let’s go to the tree. Maybe you can go home!”
Jan follows Tom down the road and then she remembers something.
“The time capsule (胶囊)!”
Tom shows her the biscuit tin under his jacket. “I’ve got it. ” And now maybe there’s the possibility that she can return to the future. Soon they come to the river and then the old building. They run up the path through the trees and arrive at the piece of land with the apple tree.
“Now what do we do ” asks Jan.
“I put the time capsule back where I found it and...”
“And I go home. ”
“Yes. ”
Tom uses his hands to dig a hole by the tree. He buries the time capsule and then stands up.
Jan suddenly thinks of something. “Tom! I want to give you something from the time capsule.”
“No. I don’t want anything. It’s more important for you to go home.”
Jan feels sad that Tom doesn’t want anything to remember her. But he’s right. The important thing is to get home.
“I’m never going to forget you, Tom. Thanks. You’re a real friend.”
“Bye, Jan. Look for me in the future. Promise(承诺) ”
“I promise.”
Then he turns and runs back to the trees. Jan watches his shadow disappear into the trees.
—Adapted from The Time Capsule
( )42. The underlined word “possibility” means “________”.
A. decision B. success C. chance D. discussion
( )43. What does the underlined part mean in the passage
A. Tom refuses Jan to make her forget him.
B. Tom doesn’t want anything to remember Jan.
C. Tom wants Jan to go home as soon as possible.
D. Tom advises Jan to take him to her home in the future.
( )44. If Jan wants to go home, which of the following is necessary
a. The jacket. b. The apple tree. c. The time capsule. d. The thunderstorm.
A. abc B. abd C. acd D. bcd
( )45. What can we infer(推断) from the passage
A. Jan digs a hole by the tree by herself.
B. Jan gives Tom something to remember her.
C. Jan lives in Tom’s home before she goes back home.
D. Jan and Tom haven’t seen each other for a long time.
第二节(共5 小题；每小题1 分, 满分5 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It seems very natural that if you have two dollars and add two dollars to them, you have four dollars. 46. ________ In fact, one of the most difficult things to teach children is the ideas of numbers.
In ancient (古代的) times, when a man wanted to tell how many animals he owned, he had no system (体系) of numbers to use. 47. ________ The more animals, the more stones or pebbles he had. It may explain why the word “calculate” comes from the Latin word “calculus” which means “stone”.
48. ________ People would just scratch (划下痕迹)a line or tally mark for each object they wanted to count, but they had no word to tell the number.
The next step in the development of the number system was probably to use fingers. 49. ________ The word “digit” comes from the Latin word “digitus”. It means “finger”! And the fact that we have 10 fingers led to the general use of 10 in the system of numbers.
The number system we use today was invented by the Hindus in India thousands of years ago and was brought to Europe during the 8th to the 11th century by Arab traders. In this system all numbers are written with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and zero. 50. ________
A. He put a stone or pebble into a bag for each animal.B. But do you know it took man millions of years to be able to think this way C. It is the decimal system(十进制). It is built on the base of 10.D. There were many ways to remember the numbers in the past.E. Later on, man used tally marks to count.F. Again we have a word that goes back to this.G. He had many stones and pebbles in his bag.
四、 根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释, 写出句中所缺单词(共10 小题, 每小题1 分, 满分10 分)
51. The boys are playing basketball in the playground at __________ (现在).
52. Have you heard from your sister in the USA __________ (近来), Jack
53. I think you should __________ (give back) the books to the school library as soon as possible.
54. How many h would stay at home and take care of the children while their wives go out to work
55. Body language is a form of __________ (交流). Standing with open arms means that you are friendly in the West.
56. The designer likes to choose the bright __________ (初级的) colours for his designs.
57. In Kunshan, Suzhou, there are a lot of f and the workers are from different places of China.
58. He comes from the n part of China.
59. — I saw Lucy in the street yesterday.
— That’s __________ (not possible). She has gone to Europe for a holiday.
60. The overseas experience may help make our life successful. So why not try to study __________ (in a foreign country)
五、根据短文内容, 用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空, 使短文完整(共10 小题；每小题1 分, 满分10 分)
Zhang Hua lives in a village at the foot of a big mountain. It 61. __________ (use) to be a very poor village.
Twenty years ago, the villagers’ living conditions were very hard. People 62.__________ (throw) rubbish everywhere, so the environment was very dirty. When the girls in the village got married and 63. __________ (leave) the village, they seldom returned to the village. There were no fridges, no TVs and no mobile phones at that time. People 64. __________ (have) to communicate with friends far away by writing letters. There 65. __________ (be) only a small primary school in the village. The children had to walk to study in a middle school thirty kilometres away from their village.
But now everything 66. __________ (change). The village is much cleaner than before. People 67. __________ (become) rich. They have enough money to travel around the country. Some of them can even go abroad for a trip. People 68.__________ (build) a modern school. The children don’t need to walk a long way to school anymore.
Most of the people 69. __________ (have) their own mobile phones. They can keep in touch with their friends very 70. __________ (easy). Zhang Hua is happy with the changes.
六、书面表达(满分15 分)
随着社会的发展, 我们的生活变得越来越好。学校英语角本周的主题是“Changes around us”。请你根据下面的提示, 用英语写一篇短文, 谈谈自己的看法。
要点：
1. 必须包括所有提示内容, 不要逐词翻译, 可以适当发挥, 使短文语言通顺, 意思连贯；
2. 词数90 左右, 文章的开头已经给出, 不计入总词数；
3. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. ______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 1 综合素质评价 答案及点拨
一、1. D 【点拨】用词义辨析法。句意为“——露西还没有从图书馆回来。——对。我已经打电话给她了”。already和yet 都用于完成时, 但already 一般用于肯定句中, 而yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。故选D。
2. B 【点拨】句意为“自从地铁投入使用以来, 我的家乡改变了很多”。unless 除非；since 自从；if 如果；when 当……时。分析句子可知从句是一般过去时, 主句是现在完成时, 用since 引导时间状语从句。故选B。
3. C 【点拨】考查介词辨析。句意为“这些年来, 人们在这里建造了越来越多的高楼。但与此同时, 城市变得更加拥挤”。on 在( 某一天)；to 到, 至；over 在…… 期间；since 自……以后。此处是现在完成时, 用over the years, 意为“多年以来”, 故选C。
4. A 【点拨】用词义辨析法。condition 状况。根据“Why not buy a used car My cousin has one in perfect...”可知, 此处指车的“状况”不错, 应用condition。故选A。
5. D 【点拨】考查副词辨析。句意为“——我今天心情不好, 觉得一切都不顺利。——放轻松。无论如何, 明天又是一天”。Instead 反而；However 然而、不管怎样；Otherwise 否则；Anyway 即使这样、无论如何。根据前面“Take it easy.”和后面的“tomorrow is another day”可知, 空处应是“Anyway”表示“即使这样、无论如何”来表达一个人的观点。故选D。
6. A 【点拨】根据“I don’t feel...”可知第一空表示情感上的孤独, 用lonely；再由“when I am... at home”可知第二空表示客观上独自一人, 用alone。故选A。
7. B 【点拨】考查动词辨析。句意为“有时候, 人们直到失去了才意识到某物有多重要”。describe 描述；realize 意识到；hope 希望；return 返回。根据语境可知, 此处是指失去后才“意识到”有多重要。故选B。
8. A
9. B 【点拨】用语境分析法。句意为“王先生2018 年娶了一位漂亮的女士。他和妻子结婚六年了”。got married with和married to 均为错误结构, 英语中表达“和某人结婚”时不能用with；可用marry sb. 和be/get married to 结构；根据语境及句中的“in 2018”可知, 第一空应该用一般过去时, 而第二空所在句时间状语是“for six years”, 所以应该用完成时, 而marry 和get married 不能延续, 不能与一段时间连用, 而表达结婚已经有一段时间要用be married。故选B。
10. C 【点拨】turn... into... “把……变成……”, 此处指把开阔的空地变成篮球场。
11. A 【点拨】根据语境可知是时不时地回家看望父母, from time to time“不时, 有时, 偶尔”。
12. D 【点拨】考查时态。句意为“自从Eric 对科学感兴趣以来, 他已经学习了很多东西”。根据“since he became interested in science”可知, 句子应用现在完成时。故选D。
13. D
14. D 【点拨】句意为“琳达过去害怕黑暗, 但现在她已经习惯了独自生活”。used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”, 所以第一空应用动词原形be; get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”, 所以第二空用living。故选D。
15. B 【点拨】Not exactly 不完全是。根据“I got there five minutes before it finished.”可知, “没有完全”错过会议。故选B。
二、【主旨大意】文章主要介绍了塞罕坝发生的巨大变化, 它由一片贫瘠的土地变成了一片美丽的大森林。这个事例展现了我们祖国越来越美、越来越强大。
16. B 【点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一个位于河北承德的非常大的森林。现在分词短语作后置定语。故选B。
17. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：在蒙古语中, 它的名字是“美丽的高地”的意思。动词mean 意为“意思是”。故选C。
18. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：塞罕坝曾经是一个皇家的猎场。used to be 意为“曾经是”。故选C。
19. D 【点拨】根据本段第一句话可知, 此处指“狩猎”。故选D。
20. D 【点拨】考查短语辨析。句意：1860 年, 因为缺钱, 这片土地向所有人开放。because of 因为, 由于, 符合语境。instead of 代替；according to 按照, 根据；thanks to 多亏, 均与语境不符。故选D。
21. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：在接下来的几年里, 砍伐树木和野火迅速破坏了森林和草原。break 破坏, 符合语境。故选C。
22. D 【点拨】考查介词。句意：到20 世纪50 年代, 塞罕坝已成为贫瘠的土地, 没有动物和植物。介词without 意为“无, 没有”, 符合语境。故选D。
23. B 【点拨】考查名词。句意：塞罕坝国家森林重建计划始于20 世纪60 年代。根据语境及本段最后的“a new national forest”可知, 空白处应用forest 表示“森林”, 符合语境。故选B。
24. D 【点拨】grow trees 意为“植树”, 符合语境。故选D。
25. A 【点拨】考查副词。句意：最后他们找到了一棵树, 它独自站立在这片广阔的土地上, 这极大地鼓励了他们。finally 最后, 终于, 符合语境。故选A。
26. D 【点拨】考查动词。句意：从那时起, 他们决定把塞罕坝变成一个新的国家森林。turn... into... 把……变成……, 是固定搭配。故选D。
27. B 【点拨】考查名词。change 意为“变化”, 符合语境。故选B。
28. C 【点拨】考查动词。句意：这片贫瘠的土地已经变成了一片美丽的大森林。过去分词become 意为“变成”, 符合语境。故选C。
29. D 【点拨】be famous as 意为“作为……而闻名”, 是固定搭配。故选D。
30. A 【点拨】考查介词。句意：这对北京的水和空气质量很重要。介词for 意为“对于”, 符合语境。故选A。
三、第一节
A【主旨大意】本文讲述了怀特先生认为现在的生活已经改变了很多, 没有过去的生活那样简单和快乐了。
31. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据文中“Mr. White... during the meal.”可知, 人们在吃饭的时候不说话是因为大家都在玩手机。故选B。
32. A 【点拨】细节理解题。根据文中“Some families... worse and worse, too.” 及“Most families own at least one computer now.”可知选A。
33. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据文中“His teacher told... got very angry.”可知, 怀特先生很担心他的孙子。故选C。
B【主旨大意】本文是一记叙文。文章以英国学生Cameron Patterson 的视角介绍了中国近年来的飞速发展。他现在作为中英两国文化交流的桥梁, 他感到骄傲。
34. A 【点拨】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi.”可知, Cameron Patterson 在小时候就搬到了中国。故选A。
35. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Also, the modern trains are more comfortable.‘A coin (硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast moving train,’”可知, 作者通过举例子的方式说明了现在的火车更舒适。故选C。
36. D 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Patterson was... got the answer.”可知, 文章介绍焦裕禄的故事, 是为了告诉我们是像他一样的人让中国变得更强大。故选D。
37. B 【点拨】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I’m proud...cultures better.”可知, Patterson 喜欢充当中英文化交流的桥梁。故选B。
C【主旨大意】这篇文章介绍了作者家乡过去和现在的变化, 多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策, 让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。
38. B 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第二段中“They are good men from our government”可知, 因为“政府的支持”, 好人来提供帮助。故选B。
39. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据第四段中“a policy (政策)was... clean water in the river”可知, 政策鼓励更多的人“增加水果产量”。故选C。
40. D 【点拨】短语猜测题。分析“Thank those good men who have devoted themselves to the development of our countryside.”可知, 该句意为“感谢那些为我们的农村发展做出贡献的好人们。”此处“devoted themselves to”的意思是“投身于；付出很多努力；做出贡献”。故选D。
41. A 【点拨】最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍作者家乡过去和现在的变化, 多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策, 让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。选项A“一个村庄是如何改善的 ”符合主题。故选A。
D【主旨大意】本文节选自《时间胶囊》, 主要讲述了Tom 通过埋时间胶囊, 帮助Jan 回家的故事。
42. C 【点拨】词义猜测题。根据“the possibility that she can return to the future”可知, 她有可能回到未来, 因此“possibility”在这里的意思是“机会、可能性”, 与选项C“chance”意思相近。
43. C 【点拨】语义猜测题。根据“No. I don’t want anything. It’s more important for you to go home.”及下文可知, Tom认为Jan 回家更重要, 故选C。
44. D 【点拨】细节理解题。根据文章内容可知Jan 需要暴风雨、苹果树和时光胶囊才能回家, 故选D。
45. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Jan gets dressed... parents up.”可知, Jan 下楼的时候不想吵醒Tom 的父母, 由此推断她回家前住在Tom 家。故选C。
第二节
【主旨大意】这篇文章介绍了算术的历史和发展。在古代, 人们早期是用石头计算自己所拥有的动物, 之后是画线来标记他们想要计算的东西, 随后用手指来计算, 并发展了数字体系等。
46. B 【点拨】根据前文“It seems... four dollars.”和后文“In fact, one... the ideas of numbers.”可知, 数字的概念是人类经过长时间的摸索才学会这样思考的。选项B“但你知道人类花了数百万年才能够这样思考吗 ”符合语境。故填B。
47. A 【点拨】根据后文“The more animals, the more stones or pebbles he had.”可知, 在古代, 人们用石头或卵石计数。选项A“他为每只动物放一块石头或卵石到袋子里。”符合语境。故填A。
48. E 【点拨】根据后文“People would just scratch (划下痕迹)... tell the number.”可知, 人们用计数标记来计数。选项E“后来, 人类用计数标记来计数。”符合语境。故填E。
49. F 【点拨】根据后文“The word ‘digit’ comes from the Latin word ‘digitus’.”可知, 选项F“我们还有一个词可以追溯到这个。”符合语境。故填F。
50. C 【点拨】根据前文“In this system... zero.”可知, 选项C“它是十进制, 它是建立在10 的基础上。”符合语境。故填C。
四、51. present 52. recently 53. return 54. husbands
munication 56. primary 57. factories
58. northern 59. impossible 60. abroad
五、【主旨大意】这篇文章讲述了一个小山村的变化。61. used 【点拨】used to be 意为“过去是”, 表示过去的状态, 故填used。
62. threw 【点拨】根据“Twenty years ago”可知, 用一般过去时, 故填threw。
63. left 【点拨】根据前面的并列谓语动词“got”可知, 动词leave 也应用过去式。故填left。
64. had 【点拨】本段是介绍20 年前的情况, 应用一般过去时。故填had。
65. was 【点拨】本段是介绍20 年前的情况, 应用一般过去时；there be 结构的主语为单数, be 动词应用单数形式。故填was。
66. has changed 【点拨】应用现在完成时表示变化带来的影响；everything 作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。故填has changed。
67. have become 【点拨】此处下文描述变富有后的影响, 应用现在完成时；People 作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。故填have become。
68. have built 【点拨】动作build 发生在过去, 但对现在造成影响, 应用现在完成时；People 作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。故填have built。
69. have 【点拨】表示现在的状态, 应用一般现在时。故填have。
70. easily 【点拨】修饰动词用副词easily。
六、范文：
In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us.
As for travel, many people enjoy travelling in their spare time. Some people like travelling online and more and more people can afford to travel abroad. Our studies are also changing. For example, more and more students show an interest in reading. There is more group work and discussions done in class, which can help us learn more. More and more people have their own cars. At the same time, more and more people prefer to walk to work instead of driving. And high-speed trains make people travel faster and more easily. Our environment changes a lot, too. The air is fresher and the water is cleaner. We often take a walk happily in the park.
In a word, our life is becoming better and better. We look forward to a better future.
作文点评：这篇习作运用了“三步”法进行写作。第一步, 点明主旨：我们周围的生活发生了巨大的变化；第二步, 结合题干中所给的要点, 从旅行、学习、交通和环境方面来介绍发生的改变；第三步, 总结全文, 生活越来越好, 要对更好的未来保持期待。文中的画线词句表现了作者运用语言的能力；文章结尾处用比较级的形式, 表达了对美好的未来充满信心。
添彩点：文中画线词句是文章的亮点。