高中英语人教版（2019）必修1-Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测（含答案）

必修1-Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片
2．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿
3．audience n．观众；听众
4．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长
5．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n．欺骗手段；骗子
6．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
7．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动
8．gym n．健身房；体育馆
9．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑
10．master n．高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
11．medal n．奖章；勋章
12．million num.一百万
13．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
14．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
15．rather adv.相当；有点儿
16．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的
17．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水；出汗
18．track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vi.& vt.追踪；跟踪
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者
2．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competitive adj.竞争的
3．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心；决意→determined adj.坚决的
4．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v．失败
5．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.& vi.适合→unfit adj.不适合的
6．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的；体面的→honoured adj.受尊敬的
7．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人
8．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤
9．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的
10．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.造成压力的→stressed adj.感到压力的
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．boxing n．拳击(运动)
2．badminton n．羽毛球运动
3．error n．错误；差错
4．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美
5．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的
6．gymnastics n．体操(训练)
7．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说
8．marathon n．马拉松赛跑
9．push-up n．(especially NAmE)俯卧撑
10．ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪
11．soccer n．足球；足球运动
12．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场
13．track and field田径
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快
2．compare...with/to...与……比较
3．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
4．even if/though即使；虽然
5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
6．give up放弃；投降
7．lose heart丧失信心；泄气
8．make a difference有作用或影响
9．make it获得成功；准时到达
10．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
11．now and then有时；偶尔
12．pretend to do sth 假装做某事
13．rather than而不是
14．set an example树立榜样
15．work out锻炼；计算出；解决
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(who引导的定语从句)
他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。
2．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.(现在完成进行时)
他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
3．A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(even if引导的让步状语从句)
足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
4．Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.(once引导的时间状语从句)
一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。
5．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”．(instead of doing)
我不会说“我想减掉3千克”，我会说“我想在8分钟内跑完2千米”或“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。
6．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.(by doing作状语)
通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。
【考点突破】
compete vi.竞争；对抗(competitive adj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的 competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者 competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛)
compete with/against sb 和某人竞争compete for sth 为……而竞争compete in sth 在……中竞争
(1)As the youngest ____________，John will compete in the writing ____________ for the annual award of writing.He must be very ____________ so that he can win.(compete)
(2)在南瓜地里，我和我的兄弟姐妹比赛去找最大的南瓜。
In the pumpkin field，I ______________ to seek out the biggest pumpkin.
(3)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。
____________，what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.
cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)cut in插嘴cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝cut up切碎cut down砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)
用cut的相关短语填空
(1)To keep physically healthy，the experts strongly suggest ____________________ alcohol in our daily life.
(2)I usually ____________________ the park on my way home so that I can arrive home earlier.
(3)She kept on ____________________ on our conversation，which made us very annoyed.
(4)The captain ____________________ the meat in his plate impatiently to show his anger.
(5)His company will ____________________ its production if the water supply __________________.
determination n．决心；决定(determine v．测定；决定；确定 determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)
determine to do...决定做……(表示动作)determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态)
(1)Write a poem about how courage，____________(determine)，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
(2)He determined ____________ facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality.
(3)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。
It was at that time that I ________________ so that I could help support my family.(determine to do)
(4)决心很好地组织这次主题班会，我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的意见。
________________，I am writing to ask you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.(过去分词短语作状语)
failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)(fail v．失败；不及格)
failure作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success，surprise，honour，difficulty等。 fail to do sth 没做成某事
(1)The athlete didn’t win a medal or become a champion，but the audience didn’t view him as ____________ failure.
(2)正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母”。努力工作，你就会取得进步。
As a proverb goes，“______________________.” Work hard，and you will make progress.
(3)这对双胞胎感到沮丧，他们没做成一顿美味的母亲节早餐。
The twins felt depressed that they ___________________________.
give up放弃；投降
give in屈服，投降give out分发；用光；耗尽give away赠送；泄露give off散发(光和热等)give way to给……让路give sb a hand帮某人一个忙
(1)Although he didn’t admit that he had cheated in the exam，his facial expression gave him ____________.
(2)On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth which gives ____________ light in the dark.
(3)尽管已经失败多次，他们也不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。
Though having failed many times，___________ and finally delicious popcorn was made.
(4)看到这对双胞胎失望的脸庞，爸爸乐意帮助他们做早餐，并且温柔地轻声说道：“亲爱的孩子们，不要向暂时的困难屈服。”
Seeing the twins’ disappointed faces，the father willingly ____________ and whispered gently，“My dear children，_____________________.”
(5)简的精力已经耗尽了。她的脚像灌了铅一样沉重，她瘫坐在树旁，失控地哭起来。
____________________.Her feet felt as heavy as lead and she slumped beside a tree，weeping without control.
honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸(honoured adj.受尊敬的)
It’s an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸。feel it an honour to do sth 做某事感到荣幸in honour of...向……表示敬意；为纪念…… be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
(1)Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if he was faced with failure，for which he was greatly ________(honour)．
(2)人们庆祝端午节纪念屈原，他是中国一位伟大的诗人。
People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival ________________________，who is a great Chinese poet.
(3)能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
①_____________ to deliver a speech here.(it is an honour for sb to do)
②_______________ to deliver a speech here.(feel it an honour to do)
③____________________ to deliver a speech here.(feel honoured to do)
injury n．伤害；损伤(injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 injure vt.使受伤；损害)
do sb an injury(＝do an injury to sb)伤害某人 the injured受伤的人；伤员 get/be injured受伤
(1)The captain recovered from his ____________(injure) soon with the help of skilled doctors and nurses.
(2)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。
①Though he _____________，he was determined to finish the marathon.
②Though ________________________，he was determined to finish the marathon.(用“连词＋过去分词”作状语改写)
(3)营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。
The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows，_________________ and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.
make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚
make for走向；冲向make it获得成功；准时到达make a/no difference有/没有作用或影响make one’s way to前往，去make sense of弄懂……的意思make sure确信；一定make up组成；补偿；编造；化妆；和解
(1)用make的相关短语填空
①Pretending to have understood what your teacher said doesn’t ____________________.
②His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time ____________________ what he really meant.
③Although David ranked last in the cross-country run，he finally ____________________ to the finish line，with all the audience cheering for him.
④Attention，please！We’ll gather at the school gate at 8 am tomorrow and then ________________ the nearby farm to pick fruits.
(2)有时小小的善意就能产生巨大影响，使得这个世界更加美丽和谐。
Sometimes _______________，making the world more beautiful and harmonious.
(3)我确信如果你采纳以上建议，你会和你的搭档和好。
I ________________ your partner if you adopt the above suggestions.
even if引导的让步状语从句 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
even if意为“尽管；即使”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。
(1)即使我吓得浑身颤抖，我仍然鼓起勇气，走上舞台，开始了我的演讲。
_______________________________，I still gathered up all my courage，stepped on the stage and began my speech.
(2)尽管他陷入了困境，他仍然乐意帮助处于困境中的人。
__________________，he still willingly helped those in trouble.
【高考链接】
1．These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.
这些发现激动人心，因为它们表明通过改善中年人的心血管健康来延缓甚至阻止他们患痴呆症是有可能的。
2．The next step，according to the researchers，is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues，or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
研究人员表示，下一步是尝试确定凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。
3．As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
作为学校的一名特殊教育老师，我熟悉大卫面临的挑战，并为他坚强的决心感到骄傲。
4．Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
记住，甚至是世界冠军运动员也会持续不断地练习他们的技能。
5．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt.
研究人员使用计算机模型计算出水分压力，该模型计算出树木获得的水量与所需的水量，并考虑降雨量、空气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间这些因素。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．The soldier felt greatly ____________(honour) to see the emperor in the flesh.
2．____________(determine) to get to the destination，the athlete showed amazing willpower.
3．The architect got ____________(injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.
4．When checking out at the counter，the man found his credit card lost，so he had to give ____________ the purchase.
5．The ____________(compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.
6．Though the art show ____________ to attract as many visitors as we had expected，it was far from being a ____________；it was a great success.(fail)
7．More than 10,000 ____________ from different countries came to Beijing and ____________ with each other in the ____________ games for medals.(compete)
8．Amazingly，the more ____________ the job is，the better your performance will be.In other words，feeling ____________ benefits your performance in a way.(stress)
9．Everyone has ____________ and weaknesses.So we should try our best to further ____________ the former and improve the latter.(strength)
10．Three teams are involved in the chase for the ____________.Who will be the last __________ is not clear.(champion)
11．The soldier got ____________ in the battle and suffered a serious ____________ in the left ankle.(injure)
12．I feel greatly ________ to be in charge of the activity in __________ of Qu Yuan.(honour)
13．The official is more aware of ____________ than before and he regularly works out in gyms to keep ____________.(fit)
14．During the forum，Dong Qing，a famous ______ who often ______ wonderful programs，shared her experience of creating The Reader.(host)
15．My sister is a ____________ girl，so we know that once she has ____________ to do something，she will make her dream come true with great ____________.(determine)
16．It is requested that we should cut ____________ the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness.
17．Rather than ____________(admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.
18．____________(fail) is recognised as the mother of success，so as long as we don’t lose heart，we will succeed.
19．I could not make sense ____________ what he said until he told me the story in detail.
20．I ____________(try) to contact the official in charge of transport in the past three hours，but I haven’t been able to get through.
【选词填空】
work out，make it，set an example，give up，make sense，make a difference，compare...with，lose heart
1．Being generous and kind-hearted，he ____________________ to us and we should learn from him.
2．He recommended ________________ the difficult problem in this completely new way.
3．Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are _________ in the world.
4．_________ my cousin，I prefer hiking in unpopulated mountains.
5．Learning that you have ________________ after your failure，I’m writing to offer you some tips.
6．It ___________ to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
7．How many of you ___________ to the top of the mountain in the end yesterday
8．__________ your goal halfway is not a wise choice and instead，you should keep trying until you succeed.
【语篇语法填空】
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
Including soccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field，there seem to be hundreds of sports for us.In stadiums，gyms，or homes，we can work out 1.________ all petitive sports mean that athletes must compete against each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win 2.________ and glory for their country，which needs not only skills and strength but also great 3.________.However，success often comes along with error，stress，failure and injuries.Sometimes even a master may fall apart，but he never loses heart.Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend，setting an example to pared with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness 4.____________ competition.Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep slim instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat.However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 5.________ to have done it otherwise，which doesn’t make sense.However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 6.________ effects，won’t it
【句型写作】
1．我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是全神贯注于教学，并且不遗余力地帮助我们。(who引导的定语从句)
The person I respect most is my head teacher ____________________.
2．没有向老师们求助，他决定自己解决这个问题。(instead of doing)
_______________，he is determined to work out the problem by himself.
3．一旦我明白了我所肩负的责任，我就毫不犹疑地交出了我挣的所有钱。(once引导的时间状语从句)
____________，I handed in all the money I had earned without hesitation.
4．在过去的三年里我一直在读英文报Youth。(现在完成进行时)
__________________________ in the past three years.
5．通过欣赏我们学校正在举行的展览，你会更好地理解中国传统绘画。(by doing作状语)
___________________________，you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese paintings.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
compete
(1)competitor；competition；competitive　
(2)competed with/against my siblings　
(3)Although/Though/While this was a competitive race
cut...out
(1)cutting out　(2)cut across　(3)cutting in　
(4)cut up　(5)cut down；is cut off
determination
(1)determination　(2)on/upon　
(3)determined to go on working on the farm　
(4)Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully
failure
(1)a　(2)Failure is the mother of success　
(3)failed to cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast
give up
(1)away　(2)off　(3)they didn’t give up　
(4)gave them a hand to cook breakfast；don’t give in to the temporary difficulty　
(5)Jane’s energy had given out
honour
(1)honoured　(2)in honour of Qu Yuan　
(3)①It is a great honour for me to have the precious opportunity　
②I feel it a great honour to have the precious opportunity　
③I feel greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity
injury
(1)injuries　
(2)①got/was injured in the leg　②injured in the leg　
(3)offered first aid to the injured
make sense
(1)①make sense　②making sense of　③made it　④make for/make our way to　
(2)a little kindness can make a great difference　
(3)make sure that you will make up with
Even if
(1)Even if/though I was so frightened as to tremble all over/so frightened that I trembled all over　(2)Even if/though he was stuck in hardships
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.honoured　
2.Determined　
3.injured　
4.up　
5.competition　
6．failed；failure　
7.competitors；competed；competitive　
8．stressful；stressed　
9.strengths；strengthen　
10.championship；champion
11.injured；injury　
12.honoured；honour　
13.fitness；fit　
14．hostess；hosts　
15.determined；determined；determination
16.down　
17.admiring　
18.Failure　
19.of　
20.have been trying
【选词填空】
1.sets an example　
2.working out　
3.making a difference　
4.Compared with　
5.lost heart　
6.makes sense　
7.made it　
8.Giving up
【语篇语法填空】
1．sweating　2.honour　3.determination　4.rather than 5．pretend　6.positive
【句型写作】
1.who is always concentrating on teaching and spares no effort to help us　
2.Instead of turning to teachers for help
3.Once I was aware of the responsibility I was shouldering　
4.I have been reading the English newspaper Youth　
5．By appreciating the exhibition being held by our school