高中英语人教版（2019）必修1-Unit 4 Natural Disasters-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测（含答案）

必修1-Unit 4 Natural Disasters-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
2．bury vt.埋葬；安葬
3．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
4．context n．上下文；语境；背景
5．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
6．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
7．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
8．disaster n．灾难；灾害
9．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
10．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
11．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
12．pipe n．管子；管道
13．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
14．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
15．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
16．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
17．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
18．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
19．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
20．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
21．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
22．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
2．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
3．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
4．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
5．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
6．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现
7．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
8．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强大的；强壮的→powerless adj.无力的
9．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
10．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚→sufferer n．受苦者；受难者
11．summary n．总结；概括；概要→summariz(s)e vt.& vi.总结；概括
12．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
13．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．brick n．砖；砖块
2．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
3．drought n．旱灾；久旱
4．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
5．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
6．first aid kit急救箱
7．helicopter n．直升机
8．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
9．kit n．成套工具；成套设备
10．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
11．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
12．metal n．金属
13．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
14．revival n．振兴；复苏
15．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
16．tsunami n．海啸
17．typhoon n．台风
18．volcanic eruption火山喷发
19．volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os)火山
20．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
21．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．as usual像往常一样
3．come to an end告终；结束
4．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
5．in shock震惊；吃惊
6．in the open air露天；在户外
7．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
8．refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
9．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
10．the number of...……的数量
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too...to...)
鸡甚至猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
3．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
很难得到水、食物和电。
4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(those who...)
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
5．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
6．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...正在做……突然……)
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
【考点突破】
affect v．影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染(effect n．影响；结果；效果 effective adj.有效的)
be affected by受……的影响；被……感动be affected with感染……疾病 have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
(1)We must take ____________(effect) measures to prevent natural disasters in advance.
(2)得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。
Learning that you have returned to Ireland because ______________，I am terribly sorry about it.
(3)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。In summary，the English newspaper Youth ________._______________ countless moving stories in the newspaper.
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury sth in...把某物埋在……bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
(1)He wept sadly and he buried his face in his hands.(读后续写之动作描写)
→He wept sadly，________________.(用doing作状语改写)
→He wept sadly，_________________.(用with的复合结构改写)
→He wept sadly，________________.(用独立主格改写)
(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。
①I ________________ and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.
②____________________，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 (ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产)
(1)90 percent of houses lay ________ ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate people living there.
be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭ruin one’s hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
(2)The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night and it nearly ruined his health.
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，__________________.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against COVID-19 day and night，___________________.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
shock vt.(使)震惊 n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事(shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的)
be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事in shock吃惊地，震惊地 be shocked at sth/that...对……感到震惊be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
(1)Looking at the house which lay in ruins ________ shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
(2)All of us were ____________ at the ________ news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
(3)I was shocked ____________(hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was ______ shock to us.
(4)The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，__________________.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→__________________________________(用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)
strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动)It strikes sb that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……sth strike sb 某人想到…… be on strike在罢工go on strike举行罢工 表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit，occur。
(1)The workers are coming out ________ strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government.
(2)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我没能控制住自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
①Because _____________________，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.
②_____________________，I couldn’t contain myself，tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(3)我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。
_______________ I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
(4)约翰想到一个促销爆米花的好办法，于是他像一阵风似的冲向伯纳德的家。
_________________________ and thus，he dashed to Bernard’s home like a gust of wind.
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n．受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难 sufferer n．受害者；患者)
suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病
(1)People of the disaster area suffered a lot ________ the typhoon，and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
(2)生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives，_________________.
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还)
survive on靠……存活下来survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
(1)We will do everything in our power to help those __________(survive) in the tornado.
(2)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband ________ 5 years.
(3)When I realized that the poor boy survived ________ discarded(被丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me.
(4)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn’t about ___________________；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
be doing...when... I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do...when...正要做……突然…… be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然…… had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
(1)我们正要离开时，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
We ______________________ a big noise came from the next room.
(2)双胞胎正在煲(stew)鸡肉粥，这时他们的爸爸迈进了厨房。
The twins ________________ chicken porridge ________ their father marched into the kitchen.
(3)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
_______________________ it fell to the ground.
as if引导的虚拟语气 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。 若as if/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(1)Listen，the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there ________(be) an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it ________(be) broken.
(3)似乎Mac的生命结束了。
It seemed as if Mac’s life __________________.
(4)树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。
It is dark in the woods.It seems as if ______________________.The more she thinks of this，the more frightened she is.
(5)眼泪在眼眶里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说什么，但是又垂下了头。
Tears swirling in his eyes，David raised his head，looked at me ________________________，but lowered his head once again.
用法点拨　若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。
【高考链接】
1．It would work like this：An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.
它的工作原理是这样的：一名到达事故现场的警官可以索要司机的手机，并且使用文本分析仪在操作系统中核查最近的活动。
2．A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.
那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏驱走了许多鸟类。
3．The collapse was disastrous，requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.
她的昏倒是灾难性的，需要急诊医疗队和良好的团队合作。
4．They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.
他们得出的结论是，当任务相互依存度高时，团队人才过多会影响表现，而当任务相互依存度较低时，单个人才则会对团队表现有积极影响。
5．After all，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.
毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．He made a great effort to save the girl __________(trap) in the burning house.
2. Working out either indoors or outdoors regularly will __________(effect) your fitness positively.
3．The news that the athlete failed in the marathon due to a serious injury made us ____________(shock)．
4．____________(bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didn’t make it to school on time.
5．How can you survive ________ such a poor diet Keeping slim doesn’t make sense if you’re not healthy.
6．The recent ____________ treatments have a great ____________ on the recovery of the patients ____________ by COVID-19.(affect)
7．The ____________ disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 ____________ up to now.(dead)
8．When you write a ____________ of an article，____________ the main idea of each part is the first step.(summary)
9．She has been ____________ from the loss of memory since she had that car accident and her ____________ is beyond description.(suffer)
10．When an ____________ incident __________，you can immediately call the ____________ call.(emergency)
11．People were ____________ to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The ____________ news ____________ all the people around.(shock)
12．The ____________ man has much ____________ and can handle various matters ____________.(wisdom)
13．We measured the ____________ of the area and found it was just three meters ____________ and thus，we needed to ____________ it.(length)
14．He takes a deep ____________ and __________ in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe)
15．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of ____________.Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in ____________ the terrible flood and they were the only two ____________.(survive)
pared with those who are engaged in manual labor，teachers experience more mental ____________(suffer)．
17．________ struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to understand what I didn’t.
18．The stadium and the gym lay ________ ruins after the big fire caused by careless smoking.
19．She speaks English so fluently as if she ________________(stay) in America for a long time.
20．To win an honour for his country，he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race，________(set) a good example to others.
【选词填空】
1．The summer vacation ______________________ at last and we would return to school.
2．What made us frustrated was that the floods ________________ all the houses.
3．It was because of an unexpected rain that we couldn’t go on a picnic ____________________.
4．He said to me ________________，“Our monitor won the first prize in the competition.”
5．With the development of China，____________________ people studying Chinese in the West is increasing rapidly.
6．He wants to see me now，but I have so much work ________________ that I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
【语篇语法填空】
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
Disasters such as tornadoes，droughts，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another，causing great 1.____________ to many countries.In summary，the earthquake has the worst effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 2.________.90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people 3.__________ a lot.Food，water and electricity were hard to get.Everywhere the 4.____________ survivors saw destroyed bricks，deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the trapped,5.__________ the dead，and built shelters in the open air.With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，the city revived itself and began to 6.__________ again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami that 7.__________ Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines.Huge waves swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas by 8.____________ food and supplies by helicopters.(Tips for emergency which affects people greatly：※ Keep calm ※ Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines ※ Survive on what you have on hand ※ Keep first aid kits at home)
【句型写作】
1．每天我都非常焦虑，直到深夜才能睡着。(too...to...)
Every day ________________________ until late into the night.
2．想参加此次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(those who)
______________________ are required to gather at the school gate at 7∶00 am tomorrow.
3．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
My head ___________________________________________________.
4．既紧张又害怕，我感觉如坐针毡。(as if引导的虚拟语气)
Nervous and frightened，I felt ________________________________.
5．他正在河边散步，突然听见有人呼救。(be doing...when...)
________________________ he heard someone crying for help.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
affect
(1)effective　
(2)you are affected with a serious/severe illness　
(3)affects me greatly/has a great effect on me；I am often deeply affected by
bury
(1)burying his face in his hands　
with his face buried in his hands　
his face buried in his hands　
(2)①bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day
②Buried in reading the English newspaper every day
in ruins
(1)in　
(2)which nearly ruined his health　nearly ruining his health
shock
(1)in　(2)shocked；shocking　(3)to hear；a　
(4)which shocked Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked　
What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.
strike
(1)on　
(2)①I was struck with/by what he had done for me
②Struck by/with what he had done for me　
(3)It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that　
(4)A good way to promote popcorn struck/hit/occurred to John
suffer
(1)from　(2)but it is the suffering that makes us stronger
survive
(1)survivors　(2)by　(3)on　(4)how to survive the storm
be doing...when...
(1)were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when　
(2)were stewing；when　
(3)I had just escaped from the burning house when
as if引导的虚拟语气
(1)is　(2)were　(3)had come to an end　
(4)there were a fierce beast behind every bush　
(5)as if he would say something/as if (he was) to say something
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.trapped　
2.affect　
3.shocked　
4.Buried　
5.on　
6.effective；effect；affected　
7.deadly；deaths　
8.summary；summarizing　
9.suffering；suffering　
10.emergent；emerges；emergency
11.shocked；shocking；shocked　
12.wise；wisdom；wisely
13．length；long；lengthen　
14.breath；breathes　
15.survival；surviving；survivors　
16.sufferings　
17.It　
18.in　
19.had stayed　
20.setting
【选词填空】
1.came to an end　
2.swept away　
3.in the open air　
4.in shock　
5.the number of　
6.on hand
【语篇语法填空】
1．damage　2.deaths　3.suffered　4.shocked　
5.buried　6．breathe　7.struck　8.delivering
【句型写作】
1.I am too anxious to fall asleep　
2.Those who want to participate in the picking activity　
3.was difficult to pull out of the huge pumpkin　
4.as if I were sitting on pins and needles　
5.He was walking along the river when