高中英语人教版（2019）必修2-Unit 4 History and Traditions-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测

必修2-Unit 4 History and Traditions-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．amount n．金额；数量
2．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
3．battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
4．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
5．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
6．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
7．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
8．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
9．dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
10．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
11．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
12．honey n．蜂蜜
13．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人
14．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
15．ocean n．大海；海洋
16．port n．港口(城市)
17．position n．位置；姿态；职位
18．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
19．roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
20．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚
21．snack n．点心；小吃
22．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
2．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员
3．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belonging n．[U]归属；[pl.]所有物，财产
4．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
5．custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯→customer n．顾客→customs n．海关
6．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
7．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→eagerness n．热切；渴望
8．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
9．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
10．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n．慷慨；大方
11．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候；致意
12．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的→legally adv.法律上地
13．location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→located 14．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称)
15．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
16．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工
17．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境
adj.坐落于；位于
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．Achilles’ heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
2．ancestor n．祖宗；祖先
3．cattle n．牛
4．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
5．Confucius n．孔子
6．courtyard n．庭院；院子
7．county n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
8．currency n．通货；货币
9．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
10．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
11．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
12．kingdom n．王国；领域
13．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
14．mansion n．公馆；宅第
15．military adj.军事的；军用的
16．philosophy n．哲学
17．scent n．气味；气息
18．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的
19．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
20．transition n．过渡；转变；变迁
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．add...to...把……添加到……中
2．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
3．belong to属于
4．break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱
5．have a great influence on对……有极大影响
6．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
7．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
8．leave behind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留
9．refer to谈到；查阅；指的是
10．take over接收；接管
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.(what引导的宾语从句)
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。
2．So what is the difference between them，if any？(if的省略结构)
如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？
3．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
4．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.(have sth done)
他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。
5．If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(if引导的条件状语从句)
如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。
6．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(with的复合结构)
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
7．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.(It is＋adj.＋that...)
乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
【考点突破】
amount n．金额；数量 v．总计，共计；相当于，等于
the amount of...……的数量“大量/少量的”表达：a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数) amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于
(1)Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter ____(be) used to make this kind of snack.
(2)A large amount of money ________(be) spent on the construction of the school last year.
(3)青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。
_________________，which gradually ruins their health.
(4)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。
In order to keep healthy，_____________________________.
(5)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。
The money I earned during the summer holiday ____________，which could help support my family.
approach n．接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
an approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近at the approach of在快到……的时候 with...approaching在……快到的时候approach sth/sb 接近某物/某人
(1)With the Spring Festival ____________(approach)，we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
＝________ the approach of the Spring Festival，we could hardly contain our inner excitement.
(2)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他总是为我们提供不同的解决困难的方法。
The person I respect most is my headteacher who __________________.
(3)随着汽车靠近Brunswick，Vingo浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(with的复合结构)
_________，Vingo shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles.
(4)简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。
Jane got to her feet shakily，________________________ and threw herself into his arms，sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulder.
as well as同(一样也)；和；还
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。 用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
(1)Your wife as well as you ________(be) friendly and generous，for which I am very grateful.
(2)As well as ________(eat) a five-course meal，they drank seven bottles of wine.
(3)我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。
_____________________ at yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony.
belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分{belong vi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来 belonging n．[U]归属；[pl.]所有物；财产}
a sense of belonging归属感注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。
(1)Having sold most of his ____________(belong)，the poet almost had nothing left in the house.
(2)属于我的酒馆被夷为平地，这让我坠入无尽的深渊。The pub ____________(belong) to me was burnt to the ground，which made me crash into the limitless abyss.
(3)正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们的帮助我才有了归属感。
It is because of my generous and kind-hearted classmates’ assistance ____________________.
break away (from sb/sth)突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂break down垮掉；分解；出故障break into破门而入break in破门而入；打断；插话break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发
用break的相关短语填空
(1)My dog suddenly _____________ me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.
(2)Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to __________ our marriage.
(3)Finally I ______________，shedding tears with my face covered in my hands.
(4)When I got home，I found my house ________________ and some money stolen.
(5)He was charging his mobile phone when the fire ________________.
charge vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲 n．收费；指控；主管
charge sb with (doing) sth ＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪charge sb money for sth 因某事/物收某人钱charge at向……发起冲锋，扑向 free of charge＝for free免费in charge of掌管(表状态)take charge of掌管(表动作)in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责
(1)We have enough evidence and confidence to charge you ________ abuse of power.
(2)The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money ________ wine and beer.
(3)上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。
Last week we had a heated debate about _________________________.
(4)张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写)
Opening its bloody mouth，the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly，________________ and was about to eat me up in one gulp.
(5)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。
I will _____________ designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.
eager adj.渴望的；热切的(eagerly adv.热心地；急切地eagerness n．热切；渴望)
be eager to do sth 渴望做某事be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 with eagerness热切地；急切地hide one’s eagerness掩饰某人的渴望
(1)I looked at the poet straight in the eyes and longed to know the truth with __________(eager)．
(2)The thrilled twins whispered to their father，“We are eager ____________(cook) a delicious breakfast for our beloved mother.Not having enough cooking experience，we are eager ________ your timely help.”
(3)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。
When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，______________.
surround vt.包围；围绕(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n．环境)
surround...with...用……包围……be surrounded by/with被……包围
(1)The ____________(surround) fascinating landscape nearly took my breath away.
(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？
Would you please offer me some beneficial advice on _____________？
(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。
________________，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.There is a small river flowing through the farm.
with的复合结构 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括： with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作) with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行) with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成) with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
(1)有如此多的工作要做，我焦虑不堪，难以入眠。
_______________，I was so anxious that I had trouble sleeping.
(2)完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
________________，he jumped with joy，his eyes glittering with excitement.
(3)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，_________________.(用with的复合结构改写)
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，__________________.(用独立主格结构改写)
(4)As time goes by，more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Spoken English Club.
→________________________，more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Spoken English Club.(用with的复合结构改写)
if的省略结构 So what is the difference between them，if any？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there is/are) any...。if not如果不是这样的话if so如果是这样的话if ever如果曾有的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果可能的话
(1)如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少，我好做准备。
Please let me know how many people are coming，____________，so that I can make preparations.
(2)如果是这样的话，我真诚地邀请你和我的家人一起庆祝中秋节；如果不的话，我会向你推荐一些附近的迷人的景点。请提前告诉我你的决定以便我可以做出进一步的安排。
____________，I sincerely invite you to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Day with my family.________，I will recommend some nearby fascinating scenic spots to you.Please inform me of your decision in advance so that I can make further arrangements.
(3)如果可能的话，请提前告诉我你所需要的东西。
________________，please tell me what you need in advance.
(4)If it is necessary，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→________________，our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
【高考链接】
1．That is partly because people are driving more，but Mark Rosekind，the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，said distracted driving was “only increasing，unfortunately.”
部分原因是人们开车越来越多，但美国国家公路交通安全管理局局长马克·罗斯金德表示，不幸的是，分心驾驶不断增多。
2．Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources to make，and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.
衣服的制作需要大量的自然资源，购买大量的新衣服(或扔掉旧衣服)对环境是不健康的。
3．That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans to continue the practice.
这种做法使柯布去年的航空旅行减少了75%，她计划继续这样做。
4．Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
了解一些提示将有助于确保您与朋友或家人一起享用愉快的晚餐——不管你在世界的哪个地方。
5．They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.
它们也同样可以精确地检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，比如说，铁轨和转接点的正确位置。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．A province attempted to break ________ from the country，which accounted for why the president was upset.
2．The identity card doesn’t belong ________ me，though the picture looks particularly similar to me.
3．As well as ________(tell) interesting stories，the author gave some tips to protect our privacy.
4．________(surround) by familiar colleagues，he felt a strong sense of belonging.
5．Charged ________ copying others’ articles，the blogger was fined.
6．I love ________，especially the ________ written by the most famous _________—Li Bai.(poet)
7．The meeting room is quite ____________，with a lot of people ____________ in it.(crowd)
8．It is __________ that the man will be sentenced to prison with the newly-found ____________.(evident)
9．Although he lives here，all the ____________ in the house don’t ____________ to him.(belong)
10．The scientist finally ____________ his goal and made striking ____________.(achieve)
11．Many people were __________ at these ________ puzzles.(puzzle)
12．We must take some ____________ measures to ____________ our country against invasion.(defence)
13．________________ by trees and flowers，the ____________ of the cottage are quite beautiful.(surround)
14．The ____________ softly ____________ the result，but the ____________ made me shocked.(announce)
15．It was apparent that the boy was ____________ by her ____________ voice.(fascinate)
16．The only approach to ________(solve) the problem is discussing it at the conference.
17．I am eager ____________(keep) myself updated with the latest news by surfing the Internet.
18．The supermarket was crowded ________ people who wanted to buy goods at a discount.
19．It ________________(announce) that the blog posted by the troll contains much false information.
20．Seeing the poet made the girl excited.She still remembered the guidelines ________(give) by him.
【选词填空】
1．The future _________ those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
2．He grabbed her，but she succeeded in ______________________ him.
3．What made us excited was that my brother had ________________ the job as a manager.
4．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________________ his notes.
5．By opening a novel，I can ________________ my burdens and enter into a wonderful world.
6．As we all know，rude words only _______ fuel _______ the emotional fire.
【语篇语法填空】
When studying in the United Kingdom，I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales，Scotland and Ireland 1.________________ it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it.The four countries 2.________________ the UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much evidence that showed the Romans，the Vikings as well as the Normans invaded and conquered the Great Britain，leaving their so-called achievements and influencing the names of locations and vocabulary.There were many fascinating places，so I had to keep my eyes open.Later I traveled to Ireland where I found myself fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery in which I was 3.____________ with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 4.____________ with the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle，the roar of the ocean and the scent of flowers.I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby pubs which 5.____________ a small amount of money for their service.Once I talked about their customs with a crowd of Irish people who were interested in our Confucius philosophy，poems created by poets in the Tang Dynasty and our ancestors’ chief achievements.They were generous and shared with me a snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouth-watering stew.The journey was so striking that I’m 6.________ to go there again.
【句型写作】
1．我脸上火辣辣的，我为我对你所做的事情感到羞愧。(读后续写之心理描写)(what引导的宾语从句)
With my face burning，I was ashamed of ________________________.
2．由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。(with的复合结构)
As they were still breathless，________________________________，they were convinced that what had happened just now was true.
3．你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。(It is＋adj.＋that...)
You stayed up so late last night；______________________.
4．欢迎任何对这部电影感兴趣的人到位于第三教学楼第一层的学校演讲大厅。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
Anyone who is keen on the film is welcome to the school’s lecture hall __________________.
5．他修房顶的时候，摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。(have sth done)
He ________________ while restoring the roof，which made everyone worried about him.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
amount
(1)were　(2)was　
(3)The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year　
(4)a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary　
(5)amounted to 300 dollars
approach
(1)approaching　At　
(2)always offers us different approaches to handling our difficulties　
(3)With the bus approaching Brunswick　
(4)approached her husband
as well as
(1)is　(2)eating　
(3)Our headteacher as well as five student representatives was invited to deliver a speech
belong to
(1)belongings　(2)belonging　(3)that I feel a sense of belonging
break away (from sb/sth)
(1)broke away from　(2)break up　(3)broke down　(4)broken into　(5)broke out
charge
(1)with　(2)for　
(3)whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free　
(4)charged at me　
(5)be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting
eager
(1)eagerness　(2)to cook；for　(3)the boy couldn’t hide his eagerness
surround
(1)surrounding　
(2)how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings　
(3)Surrounded by/with green trees
with的复合结构
(1)With so much work to do　
(2)With all the preparations made　
(3)with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes　
(4)With time going by
if的省略结构
(1)if any　(2)If so；If not　(3)If possible　(4)If necessary
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.away　
2.to　
3.telling　
4.Surrounded　
5.with　
6.poetry；poems；poet　
7.crowded；crowding　
8.evident；evidence　
9.belongings；belong　
10.achieved；achievements
11.puzzled；puzzling　
12.defensive；defend　
13.Surrounded；surroundings　
14.announcer；announced；announcement
15．fascinated；fascinating　
16.solving　
17.to keep　
18.with　
19.is announced　
20.given
【选词填空】
1.belongs to　
2.breaking away from　
3.taken over　
4.referring to　
5.leave behind　
6.add；to
【语篇语法填空】
1．joined to　2.belonging to　3.surrounded　4.greeted　5．charged　6.eager
【句型写作】
1.what I had done to you　
2.with their hearts beating wildly　
3.it is not surprising that you feel sleepy today
4.located on the first floor of the third teaching building　
5.had his leg broken