2025届高考英语二轮复习 七选五 环保类（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习 七选五 环保类（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-11-29 16:46:27 | ||
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2025届高考英语二轮复习 环保类
1. To create paper and other wood products, millions of new trees must be planted each year. ①______
Don't use products that come with excessive (过度的) packaging.
② A candy may come in an individual wrapper (包装纸), within a bag that's also placed inside a box. Buy items that haven't been wrapped several times. ③ Next time you or your family go shopping, make sure you take reusable bags and buy things without packaging.
④______
Another large cause of paper waste is takeout food containers. They are often made of paper products or packed in paper bags. Next time you and your family decide to eat out for a meal, request that you sit down in the restaurant instead of taking the food in to-go containers. Most fast food restaurants use paper products to individually wrap all food. Therefore, ask your family if you can cat at a conventional sit-down restaurant for your next night out.
Encourage others to save paper.
To have an even bigger impact, you can encourage others to save paper as well. One of the best ways to reach the most people is to put up signs that inform people how they can help. ⑤ They will help raise awareness of the importance of protecting trees. Make sure you print or draw your signs on reused paper (like the back of old homework). Trash containers and recycling bins are a great place for signs.
A. Choose to use paper plates and dishes.
B. Here are some ways to save paper.
C. It is a good way to reduce paper waste from packaging.
D. Many grocery stores provide paper bags to pack groceries.
E. Dine in instead of using takeout containers at restaurants.
F. Many of today's consumer items are wrapped several times.
G. There are lots of signs that you can print off from the Internet.
2.Cruise through many neighborhoods or parks around the world, and you will find no shortage of well-mowed expanses of grass. Lawns (草坪) do look attractive. ① _________ Additionally, they can require environmentally questionable practices to maintain. Researchers and landscape architects are increasingly considering alternatives that are more sustainable, demand fewer resources and help people connect more intimately with nature. Here follows an edited excerpt of the conversation between researchers MariaIgnatieva and Marcus Hedblom.
Why did lawns become so popular
② _________ They were like a special frontier that separated cities and towns from the wilderness. A lawn was always a symbol of how a civilized society should be. That's why it was so powerful. And of course, they are also important for recreation.
What environmental problems are lawns causing
Lawns are homogenizing the environment, not only in terms of biodiversity but also visually. You compare countries' and cities' urban landscapes around the world, and they look exactly the same. ③ _________ Mowers burn fossil fuels and emit gases that heat up the atmosphere.
④ _________
You have to find your own local solution. We can take inspiration from the natural plant communities around us. In suburban and rural areas, that might mean having a meadow or prairie. In other places, it might be a savanna like environment or mountain plants. You can have a "grass-free" lawn; with only low-growing plants that create the same effect as a lawn, and you can walk on it.
How can we persuade people to adopt these alternatives
When people see them, they appreciate them and like them. ⑤ _________ We also have to try to change the minds of decision makers, including politicians. We need to show the public there are different ways of handling our urban environment and making it better.
A. So it is all about education.
B. What are these alternatives
C. And it is understandable fondness.
D. What are the inspirations of lawns
E. However, they choke out biodiversity.
F. Lawns came to be seen as a symbol of civilization and a way of life.
G. Lawn upkeep takes resources, fertilizer and pesticide that enter groundwater and runoff water.
3. In today's world, where the consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly evident, the need for energy conservation has never been more pressing. ①________
Use your laptop more than your desktop
Laptops use an average of 20 to 50 watts of electricity to run, whereas desktop computers use an average of 60 to 200 watts of electricity to run. The reason for this is that laptops run off of battery power and desktops are continuously plugged into a power source that consumes energy.
②________ Not only does this help reduce your energy usage, but it also optimizes (使最优化) your laptop's battery life to last longer.
Charge your phone in airplane mode
While charging, switch your phone to airplane mode, so that the phone does not slow down the charging process by continually burning energy- trying to connect with cell phone towers and plot your location with its GPS function. When you switch to airplane mode, your phone charges more quickly.
The brighter the screen setting, the more power it uses and vibration uses more energy than a ringtone. ③________, therefore less energy consumption.
Unplug mobile phone and laptop chargers
Always unplug electronics and appliances when not in use. ④________ When the power strip (电源插座) is left on, the devices plugged into it continue to use energy and actually increase your energy usage. The Northern Resources Defense Council found that devices in sleep or standby mode account for about one-quarter of all residential energy consumption.
⑤________
Reduce your carbon footprint by organizing your files and eliminating unnecessary data from cloud storage! Companies offering cloud data storage need warehouses filled with servers running nonstop. These data centers consume massive amounts of energy since they require AC systems to avoid overheating.
A. Low Power Mode also saves battery life
B. Delete unwanted files from cloud storage
C. Saving energy is now easier with these tips from UNICEF
D. Therefore, energy conservation has never been more pressing
E. Unused electronic appliances may produce harm to the environment
F. Deenergization (断开) will save you energy, money, and can prevent electrical fires
G. Make sure to unplug your laptop from the power source once it's fully charged
4. Helping the environment and conserving our resources are very important activities① _______ There are several ways that you can adopt to help protect this planet we call home.
Use reusable bags. Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment. ② _______ Also, it will take a long session for the bags to decompose. Therefore, whether you are shopping for food, clothes or books, use a reusable bag. This decreases litter and prevents animals from getting trapped.
Use reusable drink containers. Instead of buying individually packaged drinks, consider buying are usable water bottle. ③ _______ A lot of coffee shops, Starbucks, for example, even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks.
Save electricity. Use energy-efficient light bulbs (灯泡) instead of regular bulbs. They last longer, which will save you a bit of money. What's more, make sure you turn off lights, the TV, and other devices when you are not using them. Turn off your air conditioning or electric heater when it's not necessary. ④ _______ Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter.
Save water. More water is wasted than we realize. Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth. Don't turn your shower on until you're ready to get in and wash your hair. Limit your water usage as you wash dishes. ⑤ _______
A. This will greatly save a lot of energy.
B. This is especially true as the seasons change.
C. And without doubt students can make a difference.
D. Everyone should take measures to fight against the water pollution.
E. These can kill animals that get stuck in them or mistake them for food.
F. Not only can this help protect the environment, but help you save money.
G. Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet.
5. Recycling is one of the most popular ways to reduce solid waste. ① _____ Every day the world generates millions of tons of garbage, making it impossible to recycle every single piece of trash. Besides, not all materials are recyclable.
The best way to eventually minimize (使……最小化) trash is to avoid waste coming from our hand. ② _____ It is an initiative (倡议) to send zero waste to landfills. Living a zero-waste lifestyle is not an easy task but it is achievable It requires making lots of changes in your day-to-day life and learning new ways on how to improve your trash reduction each day.
③ _____ Grocery trash is one of the major contributors to waste in landfills. Many people living a zero-waste lifestyle practice bringing their own cloth bags when doing grocery shopping. Carefully choosing each item to put in your basket can greatly minimize waste that you bring into your home.
Other people who choose to have a zero-waste lifestyle learn to make their own products. Some even make their own make-up and perfumes to further reduce their solid waste. Growing your own foods like fruit and vegetables is a huge help not just in minimizing waste. ④ _____
There are many ways to achieve a zero-waste lifestyle especially if you are determined. ⑤ _____ However, it is very rewarding along the way, not just for the environment but also for yourself.
A. It can be challenging in the beginning.
B. This is where a zero-waste lifestyle comes.
C. However, it isn't enough to deal with large amounts of garbage.
D. It is obvious that we cannot adapt to the changing conditions easily.
E. It is also very convenient as you can pick them fresh from your yard.
F. A good way to start is buying groceries without unnecessary packaging.
G. We should try to minimize the trash in the environment and save the earth.
6. Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some "green truths" have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.①_____
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.②_____It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
③_____
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. ④_____It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. ⑤_____So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it's worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
A. They mistake them for food.
B. Here are some common ones.
C. Unfortunately, it is not that simple.
D. It's better to take a shower than a bath.
E. A paper bag is more environmentally friendly.
F. In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.
G. When we turn off a machine, it goes into a stand-by state.
7. Effective Ways to Protect Our Planet
We only have one earth. However, humans haven't been very good protectors of the earth over the years. To leave a fine planet for our children and future generations, we all need to take steps to develop better living habits.①_______
Buy less. Cheap goods in the sales may make your life better, but few of those are essential. And they almost always end up in the trash can or are forgotten in the back of a. closet. So next time you're hesitating about buying or accepting a non-essential item, think over whether it will truly improve your life. ②_______
Turn waste into treasure. ③_______ Not only does it keep items out of trash cans, but it can also prevent you from buying new items, which require lots of resources to produce. Moreover, children love making things. So instead of heading towards the craft store, check out your recycling bin first and improve your children's imagination.
④_______ Did you know it takes over 700 gallons of water to grow enough cotton to make just one plain T-shirt Instead of going to the mall to buy new clothes, you can consider looking first in a secondhand shop or trading clothes. Second-hand shopping also applies to many other categories of consumer goods such as furniture, cars and children's toys.
Walk, bike or car sharing. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a typical passenger vehicle emits (排放) about 4.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year. Thus, any amount of what you can cut back on will matter. For short trips, you can try walking or biking. ⑤_______If travelling on foot or by bike isn't practical, you can try carpooling with a friend, neighbour or coworker to the same destination.
A. Save water.
B. Choose second-hand stores.
C. If not, it's okay to just say, "No, thanks!"
D. And here are some ways to protect the environment.
E. Plastic bottles are a clear example of waste material.
F. In this way, you can get some exercise without going to the gym.
G. Creating something new with unwanted items is a good way to protect the environment.
8. Today, the electric light is considered one of the greatest human inventions and helps us in many ways. However, the overuse of electric light sources causes pollution too, which is known as light pollution. ①________
Light pollution is a global issue. The problem became obvious when a map of the Earth was published in 2016. ②________ Vast areas of North America, Europe, and Asia glow (发光) with light. Only the most hard to reach regions on Earth, such as the Amazon in South America, are in total darkness. Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky. It happens mostly in cities and causes people living there to have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. It also reduces astronomers' (天文学家) ability to view stars and planets.
Light pollution can cause problems in humans. Usually, light guides day and night activities and influences body processes. ③________ It causes sleep disorders, headaches, stress, anxiety and other health problems.
Light pollution also has an impact on animals. Insects drawn in by electric lights die when they contact light sources. Birds are also attracted to light. Even animals living under the sea may be influenced by electric light. ④________ The National Park Service studied night sky brightness in about 100 national parks. Nearly every park had at least some light pollution.
Fortunately, several groups work to reduce light pollution and many states have applied laws to control outdoor lighting. ⑤________ Just use outdoor lighting only when it is needed and keep lights down in bedroom.
A. It shows how and where our globe is lit up at night.
B. Everyone can take steps to reduce light pollution at home too.
C. Many cities are now taking measures to reduce light pollution.
D. It influences night sky observation, human health and wildlife behavior.
E. However, the extra nighttime light confuses the clocks inside our bodies.
F. Light pollution even influences places that attempt to protect natural habitats.
G. But even a small amount of light can greatly change the natural processes at night.
答案以及解析
1.答案：BFCEG
解析：①空格处为本文的中心句，综合分析文章下面的小标题可知，本文给出了帮助节约用纸的一些方法，B项"这里有一些节约纸张的方法"符合语境，故选B。
②根据下一句的举例"A candy may come in an individual wrapper (包装纸), within a bag that's also placed inside a box.(糖果可能是单独包装的，也可能是放在盒子里的袋子里)"可知，现在很多消费品都要进行多次包装，F项"今天的许多消费品都是多次包装的"符合语境，故选F。
③根据上文"Buy items that haven't been wrapped several times.(购买没有多次包装的物品)"可知，此处是说不买过度包装的商品，C项"这是减少包装纸张浪费的好方法"进一步说明这样做的好处，下文"Next time you or your family go shopping, make sure you take reusable bags and buy things without packaging.(下次你或你的家人去购物时，确保你带着可重复使用的袋子，买没有包装的东西)"给出了替代方案：带上可重复使用的袋子或购买带有包装的商品，故选C。
④根据本段中"Another large cause of paper waste is takeout food containers.(造成纸张浪费的另一大原因是外卖食品容器)"和"Next time you and your family decide to eat out for a meal, request that you sit down in the restaurant instead of taking the food in to-go containers.(下次你和你的家人决定出去吃饭时，要求你在餐馆里坐下，而不是把食物放在外带的容器里)"可知，这一段主要针对的是外带食品包装造成的用纸浪费，E项"在餐馆用餐，而不是使用外卖容器"符合语境，故选E。
⑤上文"One of the best ways to reach the most people is to put up signs that inform people how they can help.(接触到大多数人的最好方法之一就是张贴标语，告诉人们他们可以如何提供帮助)"提到标语有助于帮助人们节约纸张，G项"你可以从网上打印出很多标语"介绍获取标语的方法，G项中的"signs"与上文"signs"属于原词复现，故选G。
2.答案：EFGBA
解析：①根据前文"Cruise through many neighborhoods or parks around the world, and you will find no shortage of well-mowed expanses of grass. Lawns (草坪) do look attractive. (巡游世界各地的许多社区或公园，你会发现不缺修剪得很好的大片草地。草坪看起来确实很吸引人。)"和后文"Additionally, they can require environmentally questionable practices to maintain. (此外，它们可能需要有环境问题的做法来维持。)"可知，修剪很好的草坪确实看起来很吸引人，但需要对环境有害的方法维护，因此推知划线处应该与前文构成转折，讲述大面积修剪草坪的缺点。E选项"However, they choke out biodiversity.( 然而，它们扼杀了生物多样性)"与前文构成转折，并且与下文呼应，符合语境。故选E。
②根据前文"Why did lawns become so popular ( 为什么草坪变得如此受欢迎？)"以及后文"They were like a special frontier that separated cities and towns from the wilderness. (它们就像一条特殊的边界，把城镇和荒野隔开。)"可知，本段回答的是为什么草坪会如此受欢迎；后文指出草坪是特殊的边界把城镇和荒野隔离，由此推知，草坪代表了一种文明的生活方式。F选项"Lawns came to be seen as a symbol of civilization and a way of life.(草坪逐渐被视为文明的象征和一种生活方式。)"强调草坪是文明和一种生活方式的象征，把城镇与荒野隔离开来，符合语境。故选F。
③根据前文"What environmental problems are lawns causing ( 草坪造成了哪些环境问题？)"可知，本段针对草坪的环保问题进行描述和回答。G选项"Lawn upkeep takes resources, fertilizer and pesticide that enter groundwater and runoff water.(维护草坪需要资源、肥料和农药进入地下水和径流水。)"符合语境，属于草坪造成的环境问题。故选G。
④本空为本段的段旨。根据前文的结构，可知本空答案应该是特殊疑问句。根据后文"In suburban and rural areas, that might mean having a meadow or prairie. In other places, it might be a savanna like environment or mountain plants. You can have a "grass-free" lawn; with only low-growing plants that create the same effect as a lawn, and you can walk on it.( 在郊区和农村地区，这可能意味着有一片草地或草原。在其他地方，它可能是热带稀树草原或山地植物。你可以拥有一个"无草"的草坪；只有低矮的植物可以产生和草坪一样的效果，你可以在上面行走。)"可知，本段主要陈述的是在不同的地区，可以用草地或者草原来代替修剪的草坪。B选项"What are these alternatives ( 这些替代方案是什么？)"概述本段的问题，符合语境。故选B。
⑤根据前文"How can we persuade people to adopt these alternatives (我们如何说服人们采用这些替代方案？)"可知，本段阐述的是如何说服人们采用替代方案替代修剪的草坪。A选项"So it is all about education.( 所以这一切都与教育有关。)"回答该问题，指出通过教育方式来实现，改变人们的看法，符合语境。故选A。
3.答案：CGAFB
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些节能的建议。
①根据上文"In today's world, where the consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly evident, the need for energy conservation has never been more pressing. (在当今世界，气候变化的后果日益明显，对节能的需求从未像现在这样迫切)"以及后文主要介绍了一些节能的建议。故C选项"有了联合国儿童基金会的这些建议，节能现在变得更容易了"符合语境，故选 C。
②根据后文"Not only does this help reduce your energy usage, but it also optimizes your laptop's battery life to last longer. (这不仅有助于减少你的能源消耗，而且还能优化你的笔记本电脑的电池寿命，使其持续更长时间)"可知，本句主要在说明优化笔记本电池寿命的具体方法。故G选项"一旦笔记本电脑充满电，一定要拔掉电源"符合语境，故选G。
③根据上文"The brighter the screen setting, the more power it uses and vibration uses more energy than a ringtone. (屏幕设置越亮，耗电量越大，震动比铃声消耗的能量更多) "以及后文"therefore less energy consumption (从而减少能源消耗)"可知，本句主要说明可以减少能源消耗的做法，故A选项"低功耗模式还可以节省电池寿命"符合语境，故选A。
④根据上文"Always unplug electronics and appliances when not in use. (不使用的电子产品和电器一定要拔掉插头)"可知，上文提到不使用的电子产品和电器一定要拔掉插头，即断电，本句承接上文说明这么做的好处。故F选项"断电可以节省你的能源、金钱，还可以防止电气火灾"符合语境，故选F。
⑤根据本段内容"Reduce your carbon footprint by organizing your files and eliminating unnecessary data from cloud storage! Companies offering cloud data storage need warehouses filled with servers running nonstop. These data centers consume massive amounts of energy since they require AC systems to avoid overheating. (通过组织文件和消除云存储中不必要的数据来减少碳足迹。提供云数据存储的公司需要堆满不间断运行的服务器的仓库，这些数据中心消耗大量的能源，因为它们需要交流系统来避免过热)"可知，本段的建议主要关于云储存， B选项中cloud storage对应后文cloud data storage. 故 B 选项"删除云存储中不需要的文件"符合语境，故选 B。
4.答案：CEFBG
解析：①根据上文"Helping the environment and conserving our resources are very important activities."可知,此处讲的是环境保护很重要。根据空后"There are several ways that you can adopt to help protect this planet we call home."可知接下来要介绍几种保护环境的方法。结合选项可知选项C(毫无疑问,学生可以发挥作用。)承上启下,符合谱境。故选C。
②根据本段小标题"Use reusable bags." 及空前"Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment."可知此处讲的是塑料袋最终会污染环境。根据下文"Also, it will take a long session for the bags to decompose... getting trapped."可知此处仍然讲的是使用塑料袋的坏处。结合选项可知,选项E(这些塑料袋可以杀死被困在里面的动物,或者被误认为食物。)指出塑料袋的坏处,与下文为井列关系,都是讲塑料袋的坏处,符合本段主旨,而且E项中的These指的是上文的Plastic bags,故选E。
③上文"Instead of buying individually packaged drinks, consider buying a reusable water bottle."提到购买可重复使用的水瓶。下文"A lot of coffee shops, Starbucks, for example, even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks."说明许多咖啡店鼓励顾客使用可重复使用的容器。结合选项可知选项F(这不仅有助于保护环境,还能帮你省钱。)继续指出使用可重复使用的水瓶的好处,承接上文的保护环境,同时引出下文介绍的如何帮你省钱,承上启下,符合语境。而且选项F中的this指代上文的 buying a reusable water bottle,故选F。
④上文"Turn off your air conditioning or electric heater when it's not necessary."提到关掉空调或电暖气可以节约用电。下文"Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter."提到季节变化时节约用电的方式。结合选项可知选项B(随着季节的变化,这一点尤其正确。)指出要依据季节变化采取节约用电的措施,承接上文不需要用电的情况,同时引出下文介绍的如何随着季节的变化节约用电,承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
⑤空处为段尾句,应总结上文。根据上文"More water is wasted than we realize... Limit your water usage as you wash dishes."可知,本段讲的都是关于怎样节约用水的。结合选项可知,选项G(养成这些习惯对环境和你的钱包都有好处。)指出养成这些习惯的好处,对上文的内容进行总结,符合语境。故选G。
5.答案：CBFEA
解析：①上文"Recycling is one of the most popular ways to reduce solid waste.(回收利用是减少固体废物最流行的方法之一)"指出回收利用是减少垃圾的方法，空处承上启下，下文"Every day the world generates millions of tons of garbage, making it impossible to recycle every single piece of trash. Besides, not all materials are recyclable.(世界每天都会产生数百万吨垃圾，不可能把每一块垃圾都回收。此外，并非所有材料都是可回收的)"指出有的垃圾不能回收，与上文构成一种转折关系，C项"然而，回收利用不足以处理大量垃圾"符合语境。故选C项。
②上文"The best way to eventually minimize trash is to avoid waste coming from our hand(减少垃圾最根本的方法是防止手中的东西变成垃圾)"指出减少垃圾的最好方法是不产生垃圾，B项"这就引出了零垃圾生活方式的概念。"承接上文，符合语境。故选B项。
③下文"Grocery trash is one of the major contributors to waste in landfills.(杂货店垃圾是填埋场中废物的主要来源之一)"指出杂货店垃圾是填埋场废物的重要组成部分，空处引出下文，F项"一个好的开始方式是购买没有不必要的包装的杂货"符合语境， groceries与下文Grocery trash相呼应。故选F项。
④上文"Growing your own foods like fruit and vegetables is a huge help not just in minimizing waste.(种植自己的食物，如水果和蔬菜，不仅有助于最大限度地减少浪费)"指出自己种植食物可以减少浪费，空处承接上文，E项"此外，你还可以直接从自家院子里现摘，非常方便。"指出在家种植食物的其他好处，It指代上文的Growing your own foods，符合语境。故选E。
⑤上文"There are many ways to achieve a zero-waste lifestyle especially if you are determined.(有很多方法可以实现零垃圾的生活方式，尤其是如果你下定决心的话)"指出做到零垃圾有很多种方法，空处承上启下，下文"However, it is very rewarding along the way, not just for the environment but also for yourself.(然而，这一路走来是非常有收获的，不仅对环境，对你自己也是如此)"与上文构成转折关系，A项"一开始可能很有挑战性。"与上下文呼应，符合语境。故选A项。
6.答案：BCDAF
解析：①根据前句"But recently, some "green truths" have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.(但最近，一些"绿色真理"被证明只对了一半，甚至是完全错误的)"和下文可知，下文具体介绍一些常见错误的"绿色真理"。所以选择项B"Here are some common ones.(这里有一些常见的错误绿色真理)"符合上下文语境。故选B。
②根据前句"It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. (这似乎是常识：吃当地的食物应该对环境更好，因为它们不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输过程中保持低温)"和后句"It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.(消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产，而不是粮食运输)"可知，上文讲"吃当地食物对环境有好处"是一种常见的错误真理，下文作者解释了原因，表明其中道理，上下文表转折，说明事实并非那么简单。所以选择项C"Unfortunately, it is not that simple. (不幸的是，事情并没有那么简单)"符合上下文语境。故选C。
③根据下文"It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible. (这取决于你花多长时间洗澡和你的浴缸有多大。如果你花在淋浴上的时间超过8分钟，你就会用掉和泡澡一样多的水——大约50升水。因此，关键是让你的淋浴时间尽可能短)"可知，淋浴比泡澡更节约水的观点是错误的。所以选择项D"It's better to take a shower than a bath. (洗淋浴比泡澡好)"符合上下文语境。故选D。
④根据前句"Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. (塑料袋会造成垃圾，对野生动物是一种威胁)"可知，后文应继续陈述塑料袋的缺点，比如它具体如何威胁到野生动物的。所以选择项A"They mistake them for food. (它们误以为塑料袋是食物)"符合上下文语境。故选A。
⑤根据前文"However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. (然而，制作一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的用量是制作塑料袋的三倍。这个过程也会产生更多的温室气体)"可知，事实上塑料袋和纸袋都污染环境。所以选择项F"In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. (事实上，这两种袋子都对环境有害)"符合上下文语境。故选F。
7.答案：DCGBF
解析：①根据上文"We only have one earth. However, humans haven't been very good protectors of the earth over the years. To leave a fine planet for our children and future generations, we all need to take steps to develop better living habits.(我们只有一个地球。然而，多年来，人类并没有很好地保护地球。为了给我们的孩子和子孙后代留下一个美好的星球，我们都需要采取措施养成更好的生活习惯)"结合后文主要说明了保护地球的方法。故D选项"这里有一些保护环境的方法"放在首段末尾，统领全文，符合语境，故选D。
②根据上文"So next time you're hesitating about buying or accepting a non-essential item, think over whether it will truly improve your life.(所以，下次当你在犹豫是否要买或接受一件非必需品时，想想它是否真的能改善你的生活)"可知，上文提到了思考非必需品是否可以改善生活，本句为本段最后一句，推测可以改善就购买或者接受，否则就应该拒绝。故C选项"如果没有，你可以说："不，谢谢！""符合语境，故选C。
③根据上文"Turn waste into treasure.(变废为宝)"以及后文"Not only does it keep items out of trash cans, but it can also prevent you from buying new items, which require lots of resources to produce. Moreover, children love making things. So instead of heading towards the craft store, check out your recycling bin first and improve your children's imagination.(它不仅可以让物品远离垃圾桶，还可以防止你购买需要大量资源来生产的新物品。此外，孩子们喜欢做东西。所以，与其去工艺品店，不如先看看你的回收箱，提高你孩子的想象力)"可知，本段的主旨是废物改造，即用不需要的东西创造新的东西，本句阐述上文，故G选项"用不需要的东西创造新东西是保护环境的好方法"符合语境，故选G。
④空格处位于段首，结合上下段的第一句推断用祈使句。根据后文"Did you know it takes over 700 gallons of water to grow enough cotton to make just one plain T-shirt Instead of going to the mall to buy new clothes, you can consider looking first in a secondhand shop or trading clothes. Second-hand shopping also applies to many other categories of consumer goods such as furniture, cars and children's toys.(你知道生产一件普通T恤需要700多加仑的水吗？不要去商场买新衣服，你可以考虑先去二手店或换衣服。二手购物也适用于许多其他类别的消费品，如家具、汽车和儿童玩具)"可知，本段的建议是去二手商店，故B选项"选择二手商店"作为小标题符合语境，故选B。
⑤根据上文"For short trips, you can try walking or biking.(对于短途旅行，你可以尝试步行或骑自行车)"可知，上文提到了尝试步行或骑自行车，故本句承接上文说明这么做的好处：不用去健身房也能得到锻炼。故F选项"这样，你不用去健身房也能得到锻炼"符合语境，故选F。
8.答案：DAEFB
解析：这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了光污染的影响以及人们可以采取减少光污染的措施。
①根据上文"However, the overuse of electric light sources causes pollution too, which is known as light pollution."(然而，过度使用电光源也会造成污染，这被称为光污染)可知，选项承接上文说明光污染的影响。故D选项"它影响夜空观测、人类健康和野生动物行为"切题。故选D项。
②根据上文"The problem became obvious when a map of the Earth was published in 2016."(2016年地球地图发布后，这个问题变得明显起来。)可知，选项承接上文说明具体反应出的问题。故A选项"它显示了我们的地球在夜晚是如何以及在哪里被照亮的"切题。故选A项。
③根据上文"Usually, light guides day and night activities and influences body processes."(通常，光指导昼夜活动并影响身体过程。)根据下文"It causes sleep disorders, headaches, stress, anxiety and other health problems."(它会导致睡眠障碍、头痛、压力、焦虑和其他健康问题)可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明额外的夜间光的危害。故E选项"然而，额外的夜间光线会扰乱我们体内的时钟"切题。It指代上文的extra nighttime light。故选E项。
④根据上文"Birds are also attracted to light. Even animals living under the sea may be influenced by electric light."(鸟类也会被光线吸引。甚至生活在海底的动物也可能受到电灯的影响。)根据下文"The National Park Service studied night sky brightness in about 100 national parks. Nearly every park had at least some light pollution."(美国国家公园管理局研究了大约100个国家公园的夜空亮度。几乎每个公园都至少有一些光污染。)可知，选项承上启下进一步说明光对自然栖息地的影响。故F选项"光污染甚至影响到那些试图保护自然栖息地的地方。"切题。protect natural habitats 呼应every park。故选F项。
⑤根据下文"Just use outdoor lighting only when it is needed and keep lights down in bedroom."(只有在需要的时候才使用室外照明，卧室里的灯要调暗)可知，下文是人们采取的具体措施，所以选项与采取的措施有关。故B选项"每个人都可以采取措施减少家中的光污染。"切题。故选B项。
1. To create paper and other wood products, millions of new trees must be planted each year. ①______
Don't use products that come with excessive (过度的) packaging.
② A candy may come in an individual wrapper (包装纸), within a bag that's also placed inside a box. Buy items that haven't been wrapped several times. ③ Next time you or your family go shopping, make sure you take reusable bags and buy things without packaging.
④______
Another large cause of paper waste is takeout food containers. They are often made of paper products or packed in paper bags. Next time you and your family decide to eat out for a meal, request that you sit down in the restaurant instead of taking the food in to-go containers. Most fast food restaurants use paper products to individually wrap all food. Therefore, ask your family if you can cat at a conventional sit-down restaurant for your next night out.
Encourage others to save paper.
To have an even bigger impact, you can encourage others to save paper as well. One of the best ways to reach the most people is to put up signs that inform people how they can help. ⑤ They will help raise awareness of the importance of protecting trees. Make sure you print or draw your signs on reused paper (like the back of old homework). Trash containers and recycling bins are a great place for signs.
A. Choose to use paper plates and dishes.
B. Here are some ways to save paper.
C. It is a good way to reduce paper waste from packaging.
D. Many grocery stores provide paper bags to pack groceries.
E. Dine in instead of using takeout containers at restaurants.
F. Many of today's consumer items are wrapped several times.
G. There are lots of signs that you can print off from the Internet.
2.Cruise through many neighborhoods or parks around the world, and you will find no shortage of well-mowed expanses of grass. Lawns (草坪) do look attractive. ① _________ Additionally, they can require environmentally questionable practices to maintain. Researchers and landscape architects are increasingly considering alternatives that are more sustainable, demand fewer resources and help people connect more intimately with nature. Here follows an edited excerpt of the conversation between researchers MariaIgnatieva and Marcus Hedblom.
Why did lawns become so popular
② _________ They were like a special frontier that separated cities and towns from the wilderness. A lawn was always a symbol of how a civilized society should be. That's why it was so powerful. And of course, they are also important for recreation.
What environmental problems are lawns causing
Lawns are homogenizing the environment, not only in terms of biodiversity but also visually. You compare countries' and cities' urban landscapes around the world, and they look exactly the same. ③ _________ Mowers burn fossil fuels and emit gases that heat up the atmosphere.
④ _________
You have to find your own local solution. We can take inspiration from the natural plant communities around us. In suburban and rural areas, that might mean having a meadow or prairie. In other places, it might be a savanna like environment or mountain plants. You can have a "grass-free" lawn; with only low-growing plants that create the same effect as a lawn, and you can walk on it.
How can we persuade people to adopt these alternatives
When people see them, they appreciate them and like them. ⑤ _________ We also have to try to change the minds of decision makers, including politicians. We need to show the public there are different ways of handling our urban environment and making it better.
A. So it is all about education.
B. What are these alternatives
C. And it is understandable fondness.
D. What are the inspirations of lawns
E. However, they choke out biodiversity.
F. Lawns came to be seen as a symbol of civilization and a way of life.
G. Lawn upkeep takes resources, fertilizer and pesticide that enter groundwater and runoff water.
3. In today's world, where the consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly evident, the need for energy conservation has never been more pressing. ①________
Use your laptop more than your desktop
Laptops use an average of 20 to 50 watts of electricity to run, whereas desktop computers use an average of 60 to 200 watts of electricity to run. The reason for this is that laptops run off of battery power and desktops are continuously plugged into a power source that consumes energy.
②________ Not only does this help reduce your energy usage, but it also optimizes (使最优化) your laptop's battery life to last longer.
Charge your phone in airplane mode
While charging, switch your phone to airplane mode, so that the phone does not slow down the charging process by continually burning energy- trying to connect with cell phone towers and plot your location with its GPS function. When you switch to airplane mode, your phone charges more quickly.
The brighter the screen setting, the more power it uses and vibration uses more energy than a ringtone. ③________, therefore less energy consumption.
Unplug mobile phone and laptop chargers
Always unplug electronics and appliances when not in use. ④________ When the power strip (电源插座) is left on, the devices plugged into it continue to use energy and actually increase your energy usage. The Northern Resources Defense Council found that devices in sleep or standby mode account for about one-quarter of all residential energy consumption.
⑤________
Reduce your carbon footprint by organizing your files and eliminating unnecessary data from cloud storage! Companies offering cloud data storage need warehouses filled with servers running nonstop. These data centers consume massive amounts of energy since they require AC systems to avoid overheating.
A. Low Power Mode also saves battery life
B. Delete unwanted files from cloud storage
C. Saving energy is now easier with these tips from UNICEF
D. Therefore, energy conservation has never been more pressing
E. Unused electronic appliances may produce harm to the environment
F. Deenergization (断开) will save you energy, money, and can prevent electrical fires
G. Make sure to unplug your laptop from the power source once it's fully charged
4. Helping the environment and conserving our resources are very important activities① _______ There are several ways that you can adopt to help protect this planet we call home.
Use reusable bags. Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment. ② _______ Also, it will take a long session for the bags to decompose. Therefore, whether you are shopping for food, clothes or books, use a reusable bag. This decreases litter and prevents animals from getting trapped.
Use reusable drink containers. Instead of buying individually packaged drinks, consider buying are usable water bottle. ③ _______ A lot of coffee shops, Starbucks, for example, even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks.
Save electricity. Use energy-efficient light bulbs (灯泡) instead of regular bulbs. They last longer, which will save you a bit of money. What's more, make sure you turn off lights, the TV, and other devices when you are not using them. Turn off your air conditioning or electric heater when it's not necessary. ④ _______ Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter.
Save water. More water is wasted than we realize. Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth. Don't turn your shower on until you're ready to get in and wash your hair. Limit your water usage as you wash dishes. ⑤ _______
A. This will greatly save a lot of energy.
B. This is especially true as the seasons change.
C. And without doubt students can make a difference.
D. Everyone should take measures to fight against the water pollution.
E. These can kill animals that get stuck in them or mistake them for food.
F. Not only can this help protect the environment, but help you save money.
G. Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet.
5. Recycling is one of the most popular ways to reduce solid waste. ① _____ Every day the world generates millions of tons of garbage, making it impossible to recycle every single piece of trash. Besides, not all materials are recyclable.
The best way to eventually minimize (使……最小化) trash is to avoid waste coming from our hand. ② _____ It is an initiative (倡议) to send zero waste to landfills. Living a zero-waste lifestyle is not an easy task but it is achievable It requires making lots of changes in your day-to-day life and learning new ways on how to improve your trash reduction each day.
③ _____ Grocery trash is one of the major contributors to waste in landfills. Many people living a zero-waste lifestyle practice bringing their own cloth bags when doing grocery shopping. Carefully choosing each item to put in your basket can greatly minimize waste that you bring into your home.
Other people who choose to have a zero-waste lifestyle learn to make their own products. Some even make their own make-up and perfumes to further reduce their solid waste. Growing your own foods like fruit and vegetables is a huge help not just in minimizing waste. ④ _____
There are many ways to achieve a zero-waste lifestyle especially if you are determined. ⑤ _____ However, it is very rewarding along the way, not just for the environment but also for yourself.
A. It can be challenging in the beginning.
B. This is where a zero-waste lifestyle comes.
C. However, it isn't enough to deal with large amounts of garbage.
D. It is obvious that we cannot adapt to the changing conditions easily.
E. It is also very convenient as you can pick them fresh from your yard.
F. A good way to start is buying groceries without unnecessary packaging.
G. We should try to minimize the trash in the environment and save the earth.
6. Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some "green truths" have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.①_____
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.②_____It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
③_____
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. ④_____It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. ⑤_____So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it's worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
A. They mistake them for food.
B. Here are some common ones.
C. Unfortunately, it is not that simple.
D. It's better to take a shower than a bath.
E. A paper bag is more environmentally friendly.
F. In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.
G. When we turn off a machine, it goes into a stand-by state.
7. Effective Ways to Protect Our Planet
We only have one earth. However, humans haven't been very good protectors of the earth over the years. To leave a fine planet for our children and future generations, we all need to take steps to develop better living habits.①_______
Buy less. Cheap goods in the sales may make your life better, but few of those are essential. And they almost always end up in the trash can or are forgotten in the back of a. closet. So next time you're hesitating about buying or accepting a non-essential item, think over whether it will truly improve your life. ②_______
Turn waste into treasure. ③_______ Not only does it keep items out of trash cans, but it can also prevent you from buying new items, which require lots of resources to produce. Moreover, children love making things. So instead of heading towards the craft store, check out your recycling bin first and improve your children's imagination.
④_______ Did you know it takes over 700 gallons of water to grow enough cotton to make just one plain T-shirt Instead of going to the mall to buy new clothes, you can consider looking first in a secondhand shop or trading clothes. Second-hand shopping also applies to many other categories of consumer goods such as furniture, cars and children's toys.
Walk, bike or car sharing. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a typical passenger vehicle emits (排放) about 4.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year. Thus, any amount of what you can cut back on will matter. For short trips, you can try walking or biking. ⑤_______If travelling on foot or by bike isn't practical, you can try carpooling with a friend, neighbour or coworker to the same destination.
A. Save water.
B. Choose second-hand stores.
C. If not, it's okay to just say, "No, thanks!"
D. And here are some ways to protect the environment.
E. Plastic bottles are a clear example of waste material.
F. In this way, you can get some exercise without going to the gym.
G. Creating something new with unwanted items is a good way to protect the environment.
8. Today, the electric light is considered one of the greatest human inventions and helps us in many ways. However, the overuse of electric light sources causes pollution too, which is known as light pollution. ①________
Light pollution is a global issue. The problem became obvious when a map of the Earth was published in 2016. ②________ Vast areas of North America, Europe, and Asia glow (发光) with light. Only the most hard to reach regions on Earth, such as the Amazon in South America, are in total darkness. Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky. It happens mostly in cities and causes people living there to have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. It also reduces astronomers' (天文学家) ability to view stars and planets.
Light pollution can cause problems in humans. Usually, light guides day and night activities and influences body processes. ③________ It causes sleep disorders, headaches, stress, anxiety and other health problems.
Light pollution also has an impact on animals. Insects drawn in by electric lights die when they contact light sources. Birds are also attracted to light. Even animals living under the sea may be influenced by electric light. ④________ The National Park Service studied night sky brightness in about 100 national parks. Nearly every park had at least some light pollution.
Fortunately, several groups work to reduce light pollution and many states have applied laws to control outdoor lighting. ⑤________ Just use outdoor lighting only when it is needed and keep lights down in bedroom.
A. It shows how and where our globe is lit up at night.
B. Everyone can take steps to reduce light pollution at home too.
C. Many cities are now taking measures to reduce light pollution.
D. It influences night sky observation, human health and wildlife behavior.
E. However, the extra nighttime light confuses the clocks inside our bodies.
F. Light pollution even influences places that attempt to protect natural habitats.
G. But even a small amount of light can greatly change the natural processes at night.
答案以及解析
1.答案：BFCEG
解析：①空格处为本文的中心句，综合分析文章下面的小标题可知，本文给出了帮助节约用纸的一些方法，B项"这里有一些节约纸张的方法"符合语境，故选B。
②根据下一句的举例"A candy may come in an individual wrapper (包装纸), within a bag that's also placed inside a box.(糖果可能是单独包装的，也可能是放在盒子里的袋子里)"可知，现在很多消费品都要进行多次包装，F项"今天的许多消费品都是多次包装的"符合语境，故选F。
③根据上文"Buy items that haven't been wrapped several times.(购买没有多次包装的物品)"可知，此处是说不买过度包装的商品，C项"这是减少包装纸张浪费的好方法"进一步说明这样做的好处，下文"Next time you or your family go shopping, make sure you take reusable bags and buy things without packaging.(下次你或你的家人去购物时，确保你带着可重复使用的袋子，买没有包装的东西)"给出了替代方案：带上可重复使用的袋子或购买带有包装的商品，故选C。
④根据本段中"Another large cause of paper waste is takeout food containers.(造成纸张浪费的另一大原因是外卖食品容器)"和"Next time you and your family decide to eat out for a meal, request that you sit down in the restaurant instead of taking the food in to-go containers.(下次你和你的家人决定出去吃饭时，要求你在餐馆里坐下，而不是把食物放在外带的容器里)"可知，这一段主要针对的是外带食品包装造成的用纸浪费，E项"在餐馆用餐，而不是使用外卖容器"符合语境，故选E。
⑤上文"One of the best ways to reach the most people is to put up signs that inform people how they can help.(接触到大多数人的最好方法之一就是张贴标语，告诉人们他们可以如何提供帮助)"提到标语有助于帮助人们节约纸张，G项"你可以从网上打印出很多标语"介绍获取标语的方法，G项中的"signs"与上文"signs"属于原词复现，故选G。
2.答案：EFGBA
解析：①根据前文"Cruise through many neighborhoods or parks around the world, and you will find no shortage of well-mowed expanses of grass. Lawns (草坪) do look attractive. (巡游世界各地的许多社区或公园，你会发现不缺修剪得很好的大片草地。草坪看起来确实很吸引人。)"和后文"Additionally, they can require environmentally questionable practices to maintain. (此外，它们可能需要有环境问题的做法来维持。)"可知，修剪很好的草坪确实看起来很吸引人，但需要对环境有害的方法维护，因此推知划线处应该与前文构成转折，讲述大面积修剪草坪的缺点。E选项"However, they choke out biodiversity.( 然而，它们扼杀了生物多样性)"与前文构成转折，并且与下文呼应，符合语境。故选E。
②根据前文"Why did lawns become so popular ( 为什么草坪变得如此受欢迎？)"以及后文"They were like a special frontier that separated cities and towns from the wilderness. (它们就像一条特殊的边界，把城镇和荒野隔开。)"可知，本段回答的是为什么草坪会如此受欢迎；后文指出草坪是特殊的边界把城镇和荒野隔离，由此推知，草坪代表了一种文明的生活方式。F选项"Lawns came to be seen as a symbol of civilization and a way of life.(草坪逐渐被视为文明的象征和一种生活方式。)"强调草坪是文明和一种生活方式的象征，把城镇与荒野隔离开来，符合语境。故选F。
③根据前文"What environmental problems are lawns causing ( 草坪造成了哪些环境问题？)"可知，本段针对草坪的环保问题进行描述和回答。G选项"Lawn upkeep takes resources, fertilizer and pesticide that enter groundwater and runoff water.(维护草坪需要资源、肥料和农药进入地下水和径流水。)"符合语境，属于草坪造成的环境问题。故选G。
④本空为本段的段旨。根据前文的结构，可知本空答案应该是特殊疑问句。根据后文"In suburban and rural areas, that might mean having a meadow or prairie. In other places, it might be a savanna like environment or mountain plants. You can have a "grass-free" lawn; with only low-growing plants that create the same effect as a lawn, and you can walk on it.( 在郊区和农村地区，这可能意味着有一片草地或草原。在其他地方，它可能是热带稀树草原或山地植物。你可以拥有一个"无草"的草坪；只有低矮的植物可以产生和草坪一样的效果，你可以在上面行走。)"可知，本段主要陈述的是在不同的地区，可以用草地或者草原来代替修剪的草坪。B选项"What are these alternatives ( 这些替代方案是什么？)"概述本段的问题，符合语境。故选B。
⑤根据前文"How can we persuade people to adopt these alternatives (我们如何说服人们采用这些替代方案？)"可知，本段阐述的是如何说服人们采用替代方案替代修剪的草坪。A选项"So it is all about education.( 所以这一切都与教育有关。)"回答该问题，指出通过教育方式来实现，改变人们的看法，符合语境。故选A。
3.答案：CGAFB
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些节能的建议。
①根据上文"In today's world, where the consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly evident, the need for energy conservation has never been more pressing. (在当今世界，气候变化的后果日益明显，对节能的需求从未像现在这样迫切)"以及后文主要介绍了一些节能的建议。故C选项"有了联合国儿童基金会的这些建议，节能现在变得更容易了"符合语境，故选 C。
②根据后文"Not only does this help reduce your energy usage, but it also optimizes your laptop's battery life to last longer. (这不仅有助于减少你的能源消耗，而且还能优化你的笔记本电脑的电池寿命，使其持续更长时间)"可知，本句主要在说明优化笔记本电池寿命的具体方法。故G选项"一旦笔记本电脑充满电，一定要拔掉电源"符合语境，故选G。
③根据上文"The brighter the screen setting, the more power it uses and vibration uses more energy than a ringtone. (屏幕设置越亮，耗电量越大，震动比铃声消耗的能量更多) "以及后文"therefore less energy consumption (从而减少能源消耗)"可知，本句主要说明可以减少能源消耗的做法，故A选项"低功耗模式还可以节省电池寿命"符合语境，故选A。
④根据上文"Always unplug electronics and appliances when not in use. (不使用的电子产品和电器一定要拔掉插头)"可知，上文提到不使用的电子产品和电器一定要拔掉插头，即断电，本句承接上文说明这么做的好处。故F选项"断电可以节省你的能源、金钱，还可以防止电气火灾"符合语境，故选F。
⑤根据本段内容"Reduce your carbon footprint by organizing your files and eliminating unnecessary data from cloud storage! Companies offering cloud data storage need warehouses filled with servers running nonstop. These data centers consume massive amounts of energy since they require AC systems to avoid overheating. (通过组织文件和消除云存储中不必要的数据来减少碳足迹。提供云数据存储的公司需要堆满不间断运行的服务器的仓库，这些数据中心消耗大量的能源，因为它们需要交流系统来避免过热)"可知，本段的建议主要关于云储存， B选项中cloud storage对应后文cloud data storage. 故 B 选项"删除云存储中不需要的文件"符合语境，故选 B。
4.答案：CEFBG
解析：①根据上文"Helping the environment and conserving our resources are very important activities."可知,此处讲的是环境保护很重要。根据空后"There are several ways that you can adopt to help protect this planet we call home."可知接下来要介绍几种保护环境的方法。结合选项可知选项C(毫无疑问,学生可以发挥作用。)承上启下,符合谱境。故选C。
②根据本段小标题"Use reusable bags." 及空前"Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment."可知此处讲的是塑料袋最终会污染环境。根据下文"Also, it will take a long session for the bags to decompose... getting trapped."可知此处仍然讲的是使用塑料袋的坏处。结合选项可知,选项E(这些塑料袋可以杀死被困在里面的动物,或者被误认为食物。)指出塑料袋的坏处,与下文为井列关系,都是讲塑料袋的坏处,符合本段主旨,而且E项中的These指的是上文的Plastic bags,故选E。
③上文"Instead of buying individually packaged drinks, consider buying a reusable water bottle."提到购买可重复使用的水瓶。下文"A lot of coffee shops, Starbucks, for example, even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks."说明许多咖啡店鼓励顾客使用可重复使用的容器。结合选项可知选项F(这不仅有助于保护环境,还能帮你省钱。)继续指出使用可重复使用的水瓶的好处,承接上文的保护环境,同时引出下文介绍的如何帮你省钱,承上启下,符合语境。而且选项F中的this指代上文的 buying a reusable water bottle,故选F。
④上文"Turn off your air conditioning or electric heater when it's not necessary."提到关掉空调或电暖气可以节约用电。下文"Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter."提到季节变化时节约用电的方式。结合选项可知选项B(随着季节的变化,这一点尤其正确。)指出要依据季节变化采取节约用电的措施,承接上文不需要用电的情况,同时引出下文介绍的如何随着季节的变化节约用电,承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
⑤空处为段尾句,应总结上文。根据上文"More water is wasted than we realize... Limit your water usage as you wash dishes."可知,本段讲的都是关于怎样节约用水的。结合选项可知,选项G(养成这些习惯对环境和你的钱包都有好处。)指出养成这些习惯的好处,对上文的内容进行总结,符合语境。故选G。
5.答案：CBFEA
解析：①上文"Recycling is one of the most popular ways to reduce solid waste.(回收利用是减少固体废物最流行的方法之一)"指出回收利用是减少垃圾的方法，空处承上启下，下文"Every day the world generates millions of tons of garbage, making it impossible to recycle every single piece of trash. Besides, not all materials are recyclable.(世界每天都会产生数百万吨垃圾，不可能把每一块垃圾都回收。此外，并非所有材料都是可回收的)"指出有的垃圾不能回收，与上文构成一种转折关系，C项"然而，回收利用不足以处理大量垃圾"符合语境。故选C项。
②上文"The best way to eventually minimize trash is to avoid waste coming from our hand(减少垃圾最根本的方法是防止手中的东西变成垃圾)"指出减少垃圾的最好方法是不产生垃圾，B项"这就引出了零垃圾生活方式的概念。"承接上文，符合语境。故选B项。
③下文"Grocery trash is one of the major contributors to waste in landfills.(杂货店垃圾是填埋场中废物的主要来源之一)"指出杂货店垃圾是填埋场废物的重要组成部分，空处引出下文，F项"一个好的开始方式是购买没有不必要的包装的杂货"符合语境， groceries与下文Grocery trash相呼应。故选F项。
④上文"Growing your own foods like fruit and vegetables is a huge help not just in minimizing waste.(种植自己的食物，如水果和蔬菜，不仅有助于最大限度地减少浪费)"指出自己种植食物可以减少浪费，空处承接上文，E项"此外，你还可以直接从自家院子里现摘，非常方便。"指出在家种植食物的其他好处，It指代上文的Growing your own foods，符合语境。故选E。
⑤上文"There are many ways to achieve a zero-waste lifestyle especially if you are determined.(有很多方法可以实现零垃圾的生活方式，尤其是如果你下定决心的话)"指出做到零垃圾有很多种方法，空处承上启下，下文"However, it is very rewarding along the way, not just for the environment but also for yourself.(然而，这一路走来是非常有收获的，不仅对环境，对你自己也是如此)"与上文构成转折关系，A项"一开始可能很有挑战性。"与上下文呼应，符合语境。故选A项。
6.答案：BCDAF
解析：①根据前句"But recently, some "green truths" have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.(但最近，一些"绿色真理"被证明只对了一半，甚至是完全错误的)"和下文可知，下文具体介绍一些常见错误的"绿色真理"。所以选择项B"Here are some common ones.(这里有一些常见的错误绿色真理)"符合上下文语境。故选B。
②根据前句"It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. (这似乎是常识：吃当地的食物应该对环境更好，因为它们不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输过程中保持低温)"和后句"It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.(消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产，而不是粮食运输)"可知，上文讲"吃当地食物对环境有好处"是一种常见的错误真理，下文作者解释了原因，表明其中道理，上下文表转折，说明事实并非那么简单。所以选择项C"Unfortunately, it is not that simple. (不幸的是，事情并没有那么简单)"符合上下文语境。故选C。
③根据下文"It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible. (这取决于你花多长时间洗澡和你的浴缸有多大。如果你花在淋浴上的时间超过8分钟，你就会用掉和泡澡一样多的水——大约50升水。因此，关键是让你的淋浴时间尽可能短)"可知，淋浴比泡澡更节约水的观点是错误的。所以选择项D"It's better to take a shower than a bath. (洗淋浴比泡澡好)"符合上下文语境。故选D。
④根据前句"Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. (塑料袋会造成垃圾，对野生动物是一种威胁)"可知，后文应继续陈述塑料袋的缺点，比如它具体如何威胁到野生动物的。所以选择项A"They mistake them for food. (它们误以为塑料袋是食物)"符合上下文语境。故选A。
⑤根据前文"However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. (然而，制作一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的用量是制作塑料袋的三倍。这个过程也会产生更多的温室气体)"可知，事实上塑料袋和纸袋都污染环境。所以选择项F"In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. (事实上，这两种袋子都对环境有害)"符合上下文语境。故选F。
7.答案：DCGBF
解析：①根据上文"We only have one earth. However, humans haven't been very good protectors of the earth over the years. To leave a fine planet for our children and future generations, we all need to take steps to develop better living habits.(我们只有一个地球。然而，多年来，人类并没有很好地保护地球。为了给我们的孩子和子孙后代留下一个美好的星球，我们都需要采取措施养成更好的生活习惯)"结合后文主要说明了保护地球的方法。故D选项"这里有一些保护环境的方法"放在首段末尾，统领全文，符合语境，故选D。
②根据上文"So next time you're hesitating about buying or accepting a non-essential item, think over whether it will truly improve your life.(所以，下次当你在犹豫是否要买或接受一件非必需品时，想想它是否真的能改善你的生活)"可知，上文提到了思考非必需品是否可以改善生活，本句为本段最后一句，推测可以改善就购买或者接受，否则就应该拒绝。故C选项"如果没有，你可以说："不，谢谢！""符合语境，故选C。
③根据上文"Turn waste into treasure.(变废为宝)"以及后文"Not only does it keep items out of trash cans, but it can also prevent you from buying new items, which require lots of resources to produce. Moreover, children love making things. So instead of heading towards the craft store, check out your recycling bin first and improve your children's imagination.(它不仅可以让物品远离垃圾桶，还可以防止你购买需要大量资源来生产的新物品。此外，孩子们喜欢做东西。所以，与其去工艺品店，不如先看看你的回收箱，提高你孩子的想象力)"可知，本段的主旨是废物改造，即用不需要的东西创造新的东西，本句阐述上文，故G选项"用不需要的东西创造新东西是保护环境的好方法"符合语境，故选G。
④空格处位于段首，结合上下段的第一句推断用祈使句。根据后文"Did you know it takes over 700 gallons of water to grow enough cotton to make just one plain T-shirt Instead of going to the mall to buy new clothes, you can consider looking first in a secondhand shop or trading clothes. Second-hand shopping also applies to many other categories of consumer goods such as furniture, cars and children's toys.(你知道生产一件普通T恤需要700多加仑的水吗？不要去商场买新衣服，你可以考虑先去二手店或换衣服。二手购物也适用于许多其他类别的消费品，如家具、汽车和儿童玩具)"可知，本段的建议是去二手商店，故B选项"选择二手商店"作为小标题符合语境，故选B。
⑤根据上文"For short trips, you can try walking or biking.(对于短途旅行，你可以尝试步行或骑自行车)"可知，上文提到了尝试步行或骑自行车，故本句承接上文说明这么做的好处：不用去健身房也能得到锻炼。故F选项"这样，你不用去健身房也能得到锻炼"符合语境，故选F。
8.答案：DAEFB
解析：这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了光污染的影响以及人们可以采取减少光污染的措施。
①根据上文"However, the overuse of electric light sources causes pollution too, which is known as light pollution."(然而，过度使用电光源也会造成污染，这被称为光污染)可知，选项承接上文说明光污染的影响。故D选项"它影响夜空观测、人类健康和野生动物行为"切题。故选D项。
②根据上文"The problem became obvious when a map of the Earth was published in 2016."(2016年地球地图发布后，这个问题变得明显起来。)可知，选项承接上文说明具体反应出的问题。故A选项"它显示了我们的地球在夜晚是如何以及在哪里被照亮的"切题。故选A项。
③根据上文"Usually, light guides day and night activities and influences body processes."(通常，光指导昼夜活动并影响身体过程。)根据下文"It causes sleep disorders, headaches, stress, anxiety and other health problems."(它会导致睡眠障碍、头痛、压力、焦虑和其他健康问题)可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文说明额外的夜间光的危害。故E选项"然而，额外的夜间光线会扰乱我们体内的时钟"切题。It指代上文的extra nighttime light。故选E项。
④根据上文"Birds are also attracted to light. Even animals living under the sea may be influenced by electric light."(鸟类也会被光线吸引。甚至生活在海底的动物也可能受到电灯的影响。)根据下文"The National Park Service studied night sky brightness in about 100 national parks. Nearly every park had at least some light pollution."(美国国家公园管理局研究了大约100个国家公园的夜空亮度。几乎每个公园都至少有一些光污染。)可知，选项承上启下进一步说明光对自然栖息地的影响。故F选项"光污染甚至影响到那些试图保护自然栖息地的地方。"切题。protect natural habitats 呼应every park。故选F项。
⑤根据下文"Just use outdoor lighting only when it is needed and keep lights down in bedroom."(只有在需要的时候才使用室外照明，卧室里的灯要调暗)可知，下文是人们采取的具体措施，所以选项与采取的措施有关。故B选项"每个人都可以采取措施减少家中的光污染。"切题。故选B项。