高中英语人教版（2019）必修3-Unit 5 The Value of Money-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测（含答案）

必修3-Unit 5 The Value of Money-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．aside adv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存
2．beneath adv.& prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下
3．bet n．打赌；赌注 (bet，bet)vi.& vt.下赌注；用……打赌 vt.敢说
4．clerk n．职员；文书；店员
5．dare vi.& modal v．胆敢；敢于
6．dinosaur n．恐龙
7．downstairs adv.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
8．duty n．责任；义务；职责；值班
9．element n．要素；基本部分
10．extent n．程度；限度；大小；范围
11．external adj.外部的；外面的；外来的
12．eventually adv.最后；终于
13．hug vt.& vi.拥抱；抱紧
14．indeed adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实
15．loan n．贷款；借款
16．manner n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
17．maintain vt.维持；保持；维修；保养
18．nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不
19．odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的
20．opera n．歌剧
21．plastic n．塑料 adj.塑料制的；塑料的
22．plot n．故事情节；布局；阴谋
23．postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓
24．saying n．谚语；格言；警句
25．scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面
26．sort n．种类；类别
27．spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
28．stair n．楼梯；梯级
29．tailor n．(男装)裁缝 vt.专门制作；定做
30．upper adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．apologise (also apologize) vi.道歉；谢罪→apology n．道歉
2．basis n．基础；根据；基点→base n．基础；根基；底座 v．以……为基础；根据→basic adj.基础的；基本的
3．broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的→broaden v．(使)变宽；(使)扩大→broadly adv.宽广地；广泛地
4．hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑
5．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorance n．无知；愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的
6．indicate vt.& vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示→indication n．表明，显示；迹象
7．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的→intend v．打算；计划
8．judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员→judg(e)ment n．判断
9．mining n．采矿；采矿业→mine n．煤矿→miner n．矿工
10．musical n．音乐剧 adj.音乐的→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家
11．normal adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的 n．常态；通常标准；一般水平→abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的
12．option n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权→optional adj.可选择的
13．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→patient adj.耐心的 n．病人→patiently adv.有耐心地→impatiently adv.没有耐心地
14．permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证→permit vt.& vi.允许；准许；使有可能 n．执照
15．pursue vt.追求；致力于→pursuit n．追求；追逐
16．sail vi.& vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→sailing n．航行→sailor n．水手
17．servant n．仆人；用人→serve v．服务→service n．服务
18．willing adj.愿意；乐意→willingly adv.乐意地→unwilling adj.不愿意的；勉强的→willingness n．乐意；心甘情愿
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．ambassador n．大使；使节；代表
2．consulate n．领事馆
3．frown n．& vi.皱眉
4．narration n．叙述；讲述；解说
5．narrator n．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员
6．obligation n．义务；职责；责任
7．sequence vt.按顺序排列 n．顺序；一系列
8．the upper class上流社会；上等阶层
9．upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的
2．be about to do sth 即将或正要(做某事)
3．be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事
4．by accident偶然地；意外地
5．in a．..manner以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
6．in case以防；以防万一
7．in return作为回报；作为回应
8．in that case既然那样；假使那样的话
9．make a bet打个赌
10．on duty值班；值勤
11．on the basis of在某事的基础上；根据某事
12．ought to应该；应当
13．take out a loan取得贷款
14．to...extent到……程度；在……程度上
15．to be honest说实话；坦率地说
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn’t offer her more money.(because引导的原因状语从句)
王铮向陈道歉，因为他不能给她更多的钱。
2．Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen’s daughter after Chen told him about her situation.(after引导的时间状语从句)
陈告诉王她的情况后，王为陈的女儿创建了一个筹资网站。
3．If you don’t mind，may I ask you how much money you have (how much引导的宾语从句)
不介意的话，能告诉我你有多少钱吗？
4．Oh，I’d rather not pay you now.(would rather not do sth)
哦，我宁愿现在不付钱给你。
5．I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...(否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装)
我记得当时我还在想，我这一辈子都不可能摸到这样一张钞票……
【考点突破】
apologise vi.道歉；谢罪 (apology n．道歉)
apologise to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉
make an apology to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉
owe sb an apology应向某人道歉
(1)I didn’t have the intention to ignore your tips，so I owe you an ________(apologise)．
(2)非常抱歉本周六我不能教你制作中国结了。
_____________________ to make Chinese knots this Saturday.
(3)非常遗憾不能去机场接你了，我真希望你能接受我真诚的道歉。
Much to my regret，I am unable to pick you up at the airport.And ______.
hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑 (hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑)
hesitate about/over (doing)．..对(做)……犹豫hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事，不愿做某事 without hesitation毫不犹豫
(1) To be honest，I hesitated ________ the option between the two dresses.
(2)无论你何时有麻烦，我都会毫不犹豫地帮助你。
①Whenever you are in trouble，_______________.(hesitation)
②Whenever you are in trouble，_________________.(hesitate)
judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员 [judg(e)ment n．判断]
·judge...from/by...从……来判断……
as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为
judging by/from...根据……判断
·make a judg(e)ment on/about...对……作出评价
(1)It is bad manners to make a ____________(judge) on others in private.
(2)我认为永远不要以貌取人，因为真正的美来自内在。
_________________，for true beauty comes from the inside.
(3)从你上封信来看，你即将参加汉语桥比赛，我写信的目的是告诉你一些注意事项。
________________________，you are about to take part in the Chinese Bridge Competition and I am writing with the intention of informing you of some dos and don’ts.
manner n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
in a…manner用一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子It is good/bad manners to do sth.做某事是有/没有礼貌的。table manners餐桌礼仪
(1)当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候，带个礼物是有礼貌的，比如一束花。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。
______________，such as a bunch of flowers，when you visit a Chinese friend.At dinner，______________________.
(2)我最尊敬的物理老师总是教我们如何用一种合乎逻辑和科学的方式解决难题。
The physics teacher I respect most is always ________________.
patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力 (patient adj.耐心的 n．病人 patiently adv.耐心地 impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的 impatiently adv.不耐烦地)
have the patience to do sth 有耐心做某事with patience耐心地out of patience失去耐心；不耐烦 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心
(1)意识到我失去了耐心，我的搭档耐心地向我解释：“只有当我们有耐心地做我们的项目，我们才能成功。”听到这，我向他投去感激的笑容。
Aware that I was ________，my partner explained to me ___________，“Only when __________________ can we succeed.”Hearing that，I cast him a smile of gratitude.
(2)我的英语老师不仅对我们有耐心，而且他也主动关心我们的精神健康。因此他是我最尊敬的人。
_______________ but also he is willing to pay attention to our mental health.So he is the person I respect most.(not only...but also...引导的倒装句)
permit vt.& vi.准许；允许；使有可能 n．许可证；执照，通行证 (permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证)
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit (doing) sth 允许(做)某事 ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb 请求某人许可with/without (one’s) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
(1) In that case the judges in court ought to permit you ____________(take) out a loan from the bank.
(2)The club’s rules don’t permit ____________(smoke) in case it can ruin the atmosphere in the club.
(3)没有老师的许可，你绝不能带手机到自习室。因此，如果你的确需要一部手机，你必须请求老师许可。
_________________，you mustn’t take your smartphone to the self-study room.Thus，if you do need one，you must ______________________.
(4)如果天气允许，比赛将于下午两点在我校体育馆举行，持续约三个小时。
________________________，the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours.
spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with...满是……的斑点
on the spot当场；立即；在现场
(1)The policeman on duty caught a thief ________ the spot in my house，and in return，I bought a bunch of flowers for him.
(2)Mac一发现那只凶恶的狼正在追他，就找出他的那罐辣椒喷雾，并对着狼喷，试图把狼吓跑。
___________________，he found his can of pepper spray and fired the spray at the wolf，trying to frighten the wolf away.
(3)夜晚的天空繁星点点。
The night sky ________________________.
否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装 I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...我记得当时我还在想，我这一辈子都不可能摸到这样一张钞票……
本句含有否定副词never位于句首所引起的部分倒装。
当含有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装语序，即：否定词＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语。
这样的词或短语有：
全部否定意义副词：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere等。
部分否定意义副词：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little等。
“绝不”短语：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account等。
(1)在其他任何地方你都不会发现如此多样的文化，因此请接受我诚挚的邀请。
Nowhere else ________________，so please accept my sincere invitation.
(2)警察一收到紧急电话，他们就冲向了现场。(hardly...when...的倒装句)
________________ when they rushed to the scene.
(3)Our oceans will never be protected without the meaningful cooperation of all the countries.
→__________________________________________(用倒装句合并)
(4)I don’t write English correctly.I am not fluent in English.
→______________________(用neither...nor...引导的倒装句合并)
(5)The twins would in no case give in to their failure in cooking the breakfast.
→___________________ in cooking the breakfast.(变为倒装句)
would rather not do sth　Oh，I’d rather not pay you now.哦，我宁愿现在不付钱给你。
would rather (not) do sth 宁愿(不)做某事
would rather (not) have done sth 宁愿(没)做过某事(对过去的虚拟)
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
would rather (that) sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事(对现在或将来的虚拟)
would rather (that) sb had done sth 宁愿某人做过某事(对过去的虚拟)
(1)为了过低碳生活，我宁愿骑车而不愿开车上班。
To live a low-carbon life，_______________________________.
(2)我们宁愿女儿和我们待在家里，但这是她的选择。
We would rather _____________________，but it is her choice.
(3)小女孩握着奶奶的手，呜咽着说：“我宁愿没向您撒谎。”
The little girl held her grandmother’s hands whimpering，“I _________.”
【高考链接】
1．Among the signatories of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.
这份警告的签署者之一是“生态足迹”概念的创始人鲍勃·约翰逊，这个概念衡量保持一种既定的生活方式所需的环境投入的总量。
2．With her dad’s permission，she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.
在她父亲的允许下，接下来的两年里她在网上进行研究并试验，以获得一种既美味又对牙齿有益的食谱。
3．Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.
有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。
4．The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander，without making it impossible to focus.
适当的背景噪音可能会打断我们正常的思维模式，足以让我们的想象力自由驰骋，而不会让人无法集中注意力。
5．Then when they come to other doors in life，be they real or metaphorical，they won’t hesitate to open them and walk through.
那么他们在生活中遇到别的门(机会)时，无论是真的门还是隐喻的门，他们将会毫不犹豫地打开并走过去。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．____________(judge) by sufficient evidence，I could figure out what resulted in the accident.
2．I provided inaccurate data for you and as a result，I must make an ____________(apologise) to you.
3．I determined to study harder in return ________ your regular guidance.
4．What made me disappointed was that I spotted him _______(play) with his smartphone in class.
5．My money is running out，so I have no option but to postpone ____________(buy) the advanced facilities.
6．Without the teachers’ ____________，no one is __________ to go into the chemistry lab.(permit)
7．The boy with ____________ shoulders and wide eyes participated in the activity to ____________ his horizons.(broad)
8．____________ on your current English level，you should try your best to increase your __________ knowledge on a daily ____________.(base)
9．I have no ____________ but to give up the service，because it is only ____________ for cellphone users.(option)
10．Not only is he ____________ to help us in our studies but he also ____________ assists us to solve our daily difficulties.So we are grateful for his ____________ to do us a favor.(willing)
11．He __________ to me for making such a foolish mistake and I willingly accepted his ________.(apologise)
12．As an old saying goes，“Don’t ____________ a book by its cover.” Our ____________ should be based on facts.(judge)
13．The two ____________ carefully ____________ their master and the master was satisfied with their ____________.(serve)
14．As a ____________ and determined teenager，he can do what he desires with __________.(patience)
15．He ____________ to launch a campaign with the ____________ of raising people’s awareness of protecting the environment.(intend)
16．I have the intention ____________(live) independently in the hope of developing my independent awareness.
17．Because I lacked experience in making a speech，my teacher offered me some practical tips without ____________(hesitate)．
18．As is known to us all，it is bad ____________(manner) to laugh at those with mental illnesses.
19．We don’t permit ____________(launch) a campaign without the government’s ____________(permit)．
20．I desire to study English well，so I am willing ____________(spend) much time on it.
【选词填空】
1．____________________，if you pretend to know what you don’t know，you’ll only make a fool of yourself.
2．—He didn’t want to talk to Sally.
—____________________，why did he agree to meet her
3．He goes ________ at 8 am and comes off duty at 5 pm on a daily basis.
4．____________________ those facts，we can reach the following logical conclusions.
5．After ________________ from the People’s Bank，he was ready to open his own company.
6．Yesterday when I was wandering on the pavement near a park，I met an old neighbor ____________________.
7．There is no denying that if we smile at life，life will smile on us _____.
【语篇语法填空】
As a matter of fact，by taking out a loan I was running a factory producing sorts of plastic products.To be honest，I was a person full of 1.________ and obligation and I could treat my clerks in a polite manner.I would never 2.________ people by their external appearances and neither would I ignore others’ proposals.Once I made a mistake，I wouldn’t 3.________ myself to postpone 4.________.Aside from this，I wouldn’t hesitate to help those in trouble and in return，they would work harder.On the basis of mutual trust，we pursued our goal together.All of these indicated that we indeed 5.________ close relations.In my spare time，I liked watching musicals and operas and reading books about dinosaurs.One day，we went sailing with the intention of enjoying the fantastic scenes of the sea.We were about to reach the destination when our ship broke down by accident.Luckily，we 6.____________ by a passing ship and after being rescued，we hugged each other tightly.In that case，we had no option but to turn to the consulate for help and the ambassador on duty welcomed us with a broad smile and was willing to help us.7.________，we returned safely.We didn’t dare to sail alone from then on in case we came across some odd emergencies.
【句型写作】
1．因为女儿一直用微笑使我在最黑暗的日子里前行，所以我才能够对生活充满希望。(because引导的原因状语从句)
_________________________，I could be hopeful about my life.
2．我宁愿不加入你们的游戏。(would rather not do sth)
I ________________________________.
3．我从来没体验过如此令人害怕的时刻。(否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装)
________________________________ such a terrifying moment.
4．她在这场重要的比赛中失利后以泪洗面。(after引导的时间状语从句)
She was bathed in tears ________________________.
5．我想知道他已经了解了多少。(how much引导的宾语从句)
I wondered ______________________________.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
apologise
(1)apology　
(2)I have to make an apology/apologise to you for not being able to teach you　
(3)I do wish that you will accept my sincere apology
hesitate
(1)about/over　
(2)①I will do you a favour without hesitation　
②I will not hesitate to do you a favour
judge
(1)judg(e)ment　
(2)As far as I can judge，never judge people from/by their appearances/Never judge a book by its cover　
(3)Judging by/from your last letter
manner
(1)It’s good manners to bring a gift；
you should also pay attention to your table manners　
(2)teaching us how to solve difficult problems in a logical and scientific manner
patience
(1)impatient/out of patience；
patiently/with patience；
we have the patience to do our project　
(2)Not only is my English teacher patient with us
permit
(1)to take　(2)smoking　
(3)Without the teacher’s permission；
ask your teacher for permission/ask permission from your teacher　
(4)Weather permitting/If weather permits
spot
(1)on　
(2)The instant Mac spotted the fierce wolf chasing after him　
(3)is spotted with stars
否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装
(1)can/will you find such diverse cultures　
(2)Hardly had the police received the emergency call　
(3)Never will our oceans be protected without the meaningful cooperation of all the countries.　
(4)Neither do I write English correctly nor am I fluent in English.　
(5)In no case would the twins give in to their failure
would rather not do sth
(1)I would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work/I would ride a bike rather than drive a car to work/I prefer to ride a bike rather than drive a car to work　
(2)(that) our daughter stayed at home with us　
(3)would rather not have lied to you/(that) I hadn’t lied to you
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.Judging　
2.apology　
3.for　
4.playing　
5.buying
6.permission；permitted　
7.broad；broaden
8．Based；basic；basis　
9.option；optional　
10.willing；willingly；willingness
11.apologised；apology　
12.judge；judgement(s)　
13.servants；served；service　
14.patient；patience　
15.intended；intention　
16．to live　
17.hesitation　
18.manners　
19.launching；permission　
20.to spend
【选词填空】
1.To be honest　
2.In that case　
3.on duty　
4．On the basis of　
5.taking out a loan　
6.by accident　
7.in return
【语篇语法填空】
1．patience　
2.judge　
3.permit　
4.apologising　
5.maintained
6．were spotted　
7.Eventually
【句型写作】
1.Because my daughter kept me going in the darkest of my days with her smile　
2.would rather not join you in the game　
3.Never have I experienced
4.after she failed in the important competition　
5.how much he had already known