高中英语人教版（2019）必修3-Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测（含答案）

必修3-Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
2．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
3．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长
4．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
5．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
6．decade n．十年；十年期
7．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
8．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
9．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
10．fee n．专业服务费；报酬
11．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
12．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
13．income n．收入；收益
14．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
15．lip n．嘴唇
16．midnight n．子夜；午夜
17．passive adj.被动的；顺从的
18．per prep.每；每一
19．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
20．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
21．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
22．staff n．员工；全体职员
23．tear n．眼泪；泪水
24．therefore adv.因此；所以
25．union n．协会；联合会；工会
26．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
27．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
2．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
3．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
4．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
5．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
6．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量
7．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性
8．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的
9．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；少校
10．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
11．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆
12．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator n．操作员；接线员；经营者
13．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
14．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物
15．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
16．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
17．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄
18．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的
19．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
20．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高
21．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向
22．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
2．cart n．手推车；运货马车
3．colleague n．同事；同僚
4．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
5．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
6．entrust vt.委托；交付
7．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
8．fable n．寓言；寓言故事
9．faraway adj.遥远的
10．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
11．insurance n．保险；保险业
12．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
13．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
14．maple n．枫树；槭树
15．might n．力量；威力
16．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意
17．moral dilemma道德困境
18．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
19．pole n．(行星的)极；地极
20．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
21．resident physician住院医师
22．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出
23．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课
24．tuition fees学费
25．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．a great deal (of) 大量
2．be responsible for为……负责
3．care for喜欢；照顾
4．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
5．choose to do sth选择做某事
6．first aid急救
7．in despair处于绝望中
8．in tears流着泪；含着泪
9．in memory of作为对……的纪念
10．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事
11．pass away去世
12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
13．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
14．trip over被……绊倒
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……
2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until)
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)
如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
【考点突破】
a great/good deal (of) 许多的；大量
a great/good deal of许多的，大量的，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many (of)。 a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可用于修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以用来修饰动词作状语。 a great/good deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。
(1)尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多，但他成功到达终点线，脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子情不自禁地为他鼓掌。
Although David ___________，he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face.________________ the kids couldn’t resist applauding him.
(2)他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从中学到了很多东西。
He spent _____________，and he learned ______________.
appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)
appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the ____________(appoint) with you，and I will appoint my brother ____________(meet) you at the airport.
(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that ____________________ the Student Association，I sincerely congratulate you.
(3)由于已经和牙医预约，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
Because I __________，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.
→______________________，I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(用having done作状语改写)
assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理)
assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
(1)Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe that I am qualified to be your ____________(assist) and I can assist you ________ your teaching in China.
(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。
In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will ______________.Firstly，I will ____________________.
(3)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast，their father _________.___________，the twins made it，their faces brimming with happy smiles.
harm n．& vt.伤害；损害；危害 (harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)
do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。 be harmful to对……有害
(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful ________ children but ________(harm) to adults.
(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。
Being addicted to online games ____________________ our physical and mental health. Therefore，_______________________.
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.回答；响应；做出反应；回应 (response n．回答；回复；反应)
respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
(1)She made no ____________(respond) to the principle，which made me boil with anger.
(2)作为对您投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。
___________________，I made the following promises.
(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice，________________________.
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事be scared to death吓得要死 scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
(1)After watching a ________(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared ________ walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
(2)她被老虎的吼声吓得蜷缩在一棵大树旁，心怦怦直跳。
She ___________ beside a big tree by the shouts of tigers，with her heart pounding.
(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，_________________________.
(4)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。
I bowed my head timidly and ___________________________.
tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt.(tore，torn)撕破
读后续写之哭的描写：in tears流着泪；含着泪burst into tears突然大哭起来fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水be close to tears/be on the verge of tears快要哭了be filled with tears/be brimming with tears泪流满面be in floods of tears大哭；泪如泉涌
(1)David raised his head and stared at me and tears glistened in his eyes.
→David raised his head and stared at me，_____________.(用独立主格结构改写)
(2)看着这个绝望的女士，我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙着泪水，我拥抱她，尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上，大哭起来，哭诉着她自己的不幸遭遇。
Seeing the woman in despair，I _______________.With my eyes ______________，I tried to comfort her by hugging her.She rested her head on my shoulder and ________________，sobbing out the story of her unfortunate experience.
(3)妈妈不经允许就撕开我的信，我捶胸痛哭。
My mother _____________ without my permission and I wailed with my fists beating my chest.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do　She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ____________(contact) you failed.
(2)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。
John was ______________________.He was convinced that he had the ability ________________________________.
(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。
I can speak fluent English and I am __________________ for further study.There is no doubt that I am _____________________.
(4)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance ___________________.
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的……
本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为：没有比……更……的了。
(1)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。
To us，nothing is _______________________ to those in trouble.
(2)我深信没人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你的了。
I hold the strong belief that ________________________ to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.
(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
“I _________________________！” the mother responded excitedly.
【高考链接】
1．New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
新的研究发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%——如果她们真的患了痴呆症，也会比不爱运动的女性晚十年。
2．When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time to take the plunge.
当她不再跳舞时，她的儿子们也已经长大成人了，她认为是尝试有挑战性的事情的时候了。
3．Think of a rubber band.In the beginning，it is flexible，but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken.
想想橡皮筋，起初，它是有弹性的，但是把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干且易碎。
4．As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform，I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him，just as our lizard had.
当我看着他脱下篮球服再换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。
5．When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women，or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
当这个俱乐部之外的天才——女性或不同肤色、不同信仰的人们——做出贡献时，他们就不被认可，并遭到其他人的拒绝。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．It’s typical of him to respond ________ others’ requests in spite of his own business.
2．The ________(major) of students show great respect for their teachers.
3．His colleagues assisted him ____________(decorate) the house for his wedding.
4．We appointed her ____________(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.
5．The boys set off firecrackers to scare the monkeys ________ running away.
6．When he needed someone ________________ him，his ____________ came to his __________.(assist)
7．The boy is always ____________.I’m curious to know where his ____________ comes from.(energy)
8．After his ____________，the ____________ resident physician moved to the countryside.(retire)
9．He has been ____________ ￥500 from his income every month and now his ____________ amount to ￥10,000.(save)
10．My suggestion got ________________ and the ____________ made me in low spirits for a long time.(reject)
11．Girls who ____________ in English in our department are in the ____________.(major)
12．The resident physician often ____________ about his working conditions and I’m tired of his ____________.(complain)
13．Many people voted for him in the ____________ and eventually he ________________ as president.(elect)
14．Seeing the ____________ wolf，children were very ____________，but some adults managed ____________ the beast off.(scare)
15．Doctors ____________ on the injured person immediately and the ____________ was very successful.(operate)
16．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced ________ a serious one.
17. After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm ________ them.
18．To his surprise，he found a great deal ________ money in the envelope.
19. After all，some festivals are held ________ memory of the ancestors.
20．I have never experienced a __________________(exciting) moment than now.
【选词填空】
1．One woman ________________ the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.
2．We are supposed to ____________ our own behaviours and try our best to protect the environment.
3．With no one to turn to for help in this strange city，Alice was ________________ and wanted to go back to her hometown.
4．Owing to his generous assistance，I ________________ starting the engine again the other day.
5．My dear father，you brought me into the world，________________ me and loved me.
6．Sadly，my grandmother ________________ two years ago but I still think of her all the time since her death.
【语篇语法填空】
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first response was to conduct first aid，but a passer-by 1.____________ to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short hesitation，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and 2.____________ about this for fear of a blackmail(讹诈)．Li Hua became 3.__________.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf?．Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts flashing through her mind，she was almost in 4.____________，and therefore could not sleep until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 5.________________ than life How can you 6.________ your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension 7.________________ with pride.Afterwards，Li Hua was hired by a hospital and accepted by her colleagues quickly.Soon，she was able to perform operations in a wonderful way.A decade later，she was appointed to be chairwoman of the hospital union.
【句型写作】
1．没有什么比在炎热的夏天喝一杯冷饮更好的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
________________________ having a cold drink on a hot summer day.
2．直到欣赏完这次展览我才对中国传统绘画的魅力有了很好的理解。(not...until)
________________________________ I appreciated the exhibition.
3．我被那些医生鼓舞着，他们抗击新冠感染的贡献是巨大的。(whose引导的定语从句)
I have been inspired by those doctors ____________________________.
4．杨倩是第一位在2020东京奥运会上获得金牌的中国运动员。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
Yang Qian is _________________ in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.
5．读了两年英文报Youth，我提高了我的学习能力。(having done作状语)
__________________，I have improved my learning ability.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
a great/good deal (of)
(1)ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids；A great many of　
(2)a great/good deal of time with the poor families；a great/good deal from the experience
appoint
(1)appointment；to meet　
(2)you have been appointed as/to be chairman of　
(3)have made/had an appointment with the dentist　
Having made/had an appointment with the dentist
assist
(1)assistant；with/in　
(2)assist you with/in your oral English；
assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation　
(3)came to their assistance；
With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them/with their father’s assistance
harm
(1)to；harmless　
(2)is harmful to/does harm to；there is no harm (in) getting rid of it
respond
(1)response　
(2)In response to your letter of complaint　
(3)he would respond to/make a response to me immediately
scare
(1)scary；of　(2)was scared into crouching　
(3)I was nearly scared to death　
(4)was scared to look at my father’s cloudy face
tear
(1)tears glistening in his eyes　
(2)couldn’t fight/hold back tears；in tears；burst into tears　
(3)tore my letter open
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do
(1)to contact　
(2)the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money；
to help Bernard out of the difficulty　
(3)the only student in my class to go abroad；
the best person to be responsible for the job　
(4)to strengthen each other’s understanding
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
(1)more important than passing on kindness　
(2)nobody is more suitable　
(3)have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.to　
2.majority　
3.to decorate　
4.to represent　
5.into
6.to assist；assistant；assistance　
7.energetic；energy
8．retirement；retired　
9.saving；savings　
10.rejected；rejection
11.major；majority　
12.complains；complaints　
13.election；was elected　
14.scary；scared；to scare　
15.operated；operation　
16．by/with　
17.to　
18.of　
19.in　
20.more exciting
【选词填空】
1.tripped over　
2.be responsible for　
3.in despair　
4.succeeded in　
5.cared for　
6.passed away
【语篇语法填空】
1．whispered　2.complained　3.scared　4.despair　
5.more precious　6.reject　7.was replaced
【句型写作】
1.Nothing can be better than　
2.I didn’t have a good understanding of the charm of traditional Chinese paintings until　
3．whose contributions to the fight against COVID 19 are tremendous
4.the first Chinese athlete to win the gold medal　
5.Having read the English newspaper Youth for two years