高中英语人教版（2019）必修3-Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测（含答案）

必修3-Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．afterwards(NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来
2．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
3．climate n．气候
4．clothing n．衣服；服装
5．definitely adv.肯定；确实
6．district n．地区；区域
7．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心
8．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
9．item n．项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
10．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物
11．material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的
12．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的
13．mission n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命
14．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的
15．percentage n．百分率；百分比
16．seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
17．series n．一系列；连续；接连
18．super adv.特别；格外 adj.顶好的；超级的
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费
2．collection n．作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect vt.搜集；收藏
3．construction n．建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→construct vt.建设；建造
4．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳→container n．容器
5．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
6．earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→earning n．收入；收益
7．financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→financially adv.金融上地；财政上地→finance n．财政，金融
8．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→unfold vt.打开；展开
9．fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
10．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的
11．minority n．少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.次要的；较小的
12．occur vi.发生；出现→occurrence n．发生；发生的事
13．poetry n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌
14．poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害
15．select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n．选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；有选择的
16．settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→settlement n．解决；定居→settler n．殖民者；移居者
17．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装→suitable adj.合适的；适当的→suitably adv.合适地
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件
2．Atlantic adj.大西洋的
3．bar n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
4．boot n．靴子
5．cheese n．干酪；奶酪
6．china n．瓷；瓷器
7．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片
8．comic n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的
9．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图
19．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的
11．fortune cookie幸运曲奇
12．graffiti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画
13．gumbo n．秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)
14．herbal adj.药草的；香草的
15．immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨
16．jeans n．牛仔裤
17．jazz n．爵士乐
18．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈
19．nachos n．[pl.]墨西哥玉米片
20．spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的
21．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品
22．tai chi n．太极拳
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．apart from (especially NAmE aside from)除了……外(还)；此外
2．bring about导致；引起
3．earn a living谋生
4．(at) first hand第一手；亲自
5．head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去
6．seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
7．series of一系列或一连串(事件)
8．to name but a few仅举几例
9．turn into变成
10．used to do sth 过去常常做某事
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(what引导的感叹句)
多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。
2．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills，...(独立主格结构)
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，……
3．To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.(不定式作目的状语)
为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。
4．The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures.(how引导的宾语从句)
这家博物馆完美地展示了美国是如何由不同国家和文化的移民建设起来的。
5．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导的主语从句)
这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成中华文化的中心。
6．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently.(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。
【考点突破】
admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入) (admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费)
be admitted into/to被录取；被接收admit doing sth/having done sth 承认做过某事admit that...承认……admit sb/sth to be＋adj./n.承认某人/某物(事)为……
(1)It is said that ____________(admit) to the concert is ￡5 and as a result，I determine to enjoy it.
(2) Afterwards，he had to admit ________________(put) some poisonous mushrooms in the soup.
(3)得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。
____________________________，I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you.
(4)即将到来的汉语演讲比赛被认为是外国人提高汉语口语的好机会。
The upcoming Chinese speech contest _____________________.
bring about引起；导致
bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐bring in引进；获利；赚钱bring out出版；使显现bring down使倒下；减少；降低bring back把……带回来；使回忆起；使恢复
用bring的相关短语填空
(1)I don’t clearly remember who ________________ the question but remember it definitely ________________ a heated discussion.
(2)The reason why diverse goods are sold at such a low price is that the manufacturers are willing to ________________ the price in return for big volume purchases.
(3)The picture often ________________ to me series of happy memories of my high school days.
(4)The idea he ________________ two months ago has ________________ a lot more money for the bar.
(5)As a teacher，I have the good fortune to ________________ the best in my students.
escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；泄漏；避开；被忘掉 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
escape from从……逃脱，从……逃跑escape (doing) sth 避开(做)某事escape being done sth 逃避被做某事 have a narrow escape死里逃生
(1)Only a minority of students want to escape __________(take) the responsibility for their own behavior.
(2)It was claimed that a prisoner had escaped ____________ the prison，which shocked the public.
(3)最后，我们九死一生，幸运地没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
___________________________________________________________
fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱；财富；命运 [fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky) fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)]
seek/try one’s fortune找出路；碰运气make a fortune发财；赚钱have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事 be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth 有幸做某事
(1)Many immigrants headed to California to seek their ____________(fortunate) but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living.
(2)他决定到市区去碰碰运气，看看能不能发财。他有幸得到了市长的帮助，并且幸运地成功开办了自己的公司。
He decided to __________ downtown to see _______________.He _________________ get the help of the mayor and successfully started his own business ________________.
occur vi.(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现
occur to sb 某人突然想到；想起It occurs to sb that.../to do...某人突然想到……
(1)A good idea occurred ________ me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs after the mission.
(2)妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。
____________ she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.
settle vi.定居；安家 vt.使定居；(使)平静下来；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷) (settlement n．定居；协议；解决settler n．移居者；殖民者)
settle down (使)安定；安居；平静下来；舒适地坐下/躺下settle in/into安顿下来；习惯于；适应settle down to (doing) sth 开始认真(做)某事
(1)得知你每天有许多的问题要解决，我建议你开始认真考虑哪个问题是最紧急的。
Learning that ____________，I suggest that ___________________ which one is the most urgent.
(2)他们冲下车，搭起帐篷，舒适地坐在草地上，欣赏着周围令人惊叹的景象。
They dashed out of the car，put up the tent and ______________，enjoying the surrounding breathtaking sights.
what引导的主语从句What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成中华文化的中心。
(1)what在此句引导的是主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
(2)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分(主要作主语、表语和宾语)。可以译成多种意思：……的东西或事情；……的人或样子；……的数量或数目；……的时间；……的地方等。
(1)我们应该关注的是我们能为海洋保护做什么而不是仅仅喊口号。
_____________ is ____________ ocean protection instead of shouting slogans.
(2)一个新体育馆在曾经的荒地上建了起来。
A new stadium was built on ________________________________.
(3)我们既沮丧又担心，不知道什么可以使我们抑郁的爱犬高兴起来。似乎过了一个世纪的时间，我们终于想出了一个好主意——给她买一只小狗。有了一个新的玩伴，我们的狗不再是过去的样子了。我们的脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。
Upset and concerned，we didn’t know ______________ our gloomy beloved pet dog.After ______________，a good idea occurred to us—buying her a puppy.Having a new playmate，our dog wasn’t ________________________.A relieved smile spread across our faces.
独立主格结构There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills，...这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，……
句中many sitting on top of big hills是独立主格结构，可表示谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，在许多情况下相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
独立主格结构的构成：n./pron.＋v.-ing/v.-ed/to do/adj./adv./n./介词短语
(1)我紧张地看着爸爸，双腿颤抖着，心狂跳着。
I looked at my father nervously，_______________________.(n.＋v.-ing的独立主格)
(2)学生国画作品展上展览了许多好作品，我坚信每个人一定会在那里玩得很高兴。
________________________________ on the Students’ Chinese painting exhibition，I firmly believe that everyone will definitely have a good time there.
(3)With the cross-country run over，David still couldn’t calm down his thrilled mood.
→________________________，David still couldn’t calm down his thrilled mood.(用独立主格结构改写)
感叹句 And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。
·What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主谓)!
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数(＋主谓)!
What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主谓)!
·How＋形容词/副词(＋主谓)!
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主谓)！
(1)在郊区参加农场项目，我们是多么激动啊！干活的时候，我们意识到在骄阳下的地里工作多么辛苦！这是一次多么有意义的活动啊！
_____________ to take part in a farmhouse programme in the suburbs.While working，we realized _______________ to work in the fields under a hot sun.___________________________
(2)祝贺你！在过去的几个月里你面对了多么困难的挑战！你坚定地克服挑战之后，取得了多么巨大的进步啊！
Congratulations！____________________ in the past few months.After overcoming them with determination，________________！
【高考链接】
1．Then，one after another，Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse population.
然后，一个接一个，悉尼发现了许多仅仅属于那里的东西——广阔的公园、极好的沙滩和文化多样性的人口。
2．She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden，so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
她也承认她研究了相对少量的女性，这些女性都来自瑞典，因此研究结果或许不适用于其他群体。
3．Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐相处。
4．If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero.
如果在截止日期后的第四天才交文章，你将会得零分。
5．Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy.
莱文和他的研究团队选择了年龄在 45 到 64 岁之间的志愿者，他们不怎么锻炼，但在其他方面都很健康。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．When it comes to a chain of learning methods，I must make a proper ____________(select)．
2．Jim was bitten by a dog in the park.____________(fortune)，he only got slightly injured.
3．My colleague admitted ________________(complain) a great deal about income.
4．The manager was determined to settle ________ in the countryside to relieve his tension.
5．I bought a ________(collect) of first aid books，which completely suited my taste.
6．He loves ____________ stamps and he often shows off his ____________ in front of others.(collect)
7．With the problems ____________，they finally reached a new ____________.(settle)
8．The ____________ is very heavy and it ________ a great deal of oil.(contain)
9．He ____________ three thousand dollars and gives most of his __________ to his wife.(earn)
10．I don’t have anything ____________ to wear for the party，so I must buy an evening dress that ____________ me perfectly.(suit)
11．There are ____________ cultures in our country，but it’s the ____________ that makes our motherland wonderful.(diverse)
12．He went to America to seek his ____________ and imagined he would be very ____________，but ____________，he couldn’t even make ends meet.(fortune)
13．He ____________ that he __________________ into a financial school，but he hadn’t received the letter of ____________.(admit)
14．He is very ____________ about books，so he often ____________ some books for his kids to read.Look! Here is a ____________ of his books.(select)
15．The famous ____________ has written many wonderful ____________.(poet)
16．The physician wanted to escape ________(take) responsibility for the medical malpractice.
17. Therefore，apart from ________(be) fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
18．Your jeans are not ________(suit) for such a formal occasion，so you’d better replace it with a suit.
19．The boy tripped over，the container ________(contain) milk crashed，the milk spilt everywhere，and he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself.
20．It suddenly occurred to me ________ I had missed the appointed time.
【选词填空】
1．The Internet is a technological wonder，________________ great changes in all aspects of our lives.
2．After the fierce football competition，all the excited fans ______________ the exit and went home.
3．________________ being the kingdom of flowers，Yunnan Province is home to many ethnic minority groups.
4．After experiencing so many challenges，he has ________________ a determined and strong-willed young man.
5．I ________________ be a very self-centered person，but in the past two years I have really changed.
6．The teenager supposed that he was capable of ________________ by himself rather than living with his parents.
【语篇语法填空】
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
I had always been attracted to ethnic cultures.So wearing my jeans and boots，I went to Dali，Yunnan Province，which is a district of diverse minorities and has a mild climate.It would be a 1.______________ super experience.In fact，at first，I thought there would be a large percentage of 2.____________ made of primitive materials due to financial difficulty.However，it turned out that the downtown area 3.__________ neat bars in which jazz was played and shops where special clothing，accessories，souvenirs and china，to name but a few were for sale.Tourists can always select what suits them best.Many people are migrants from other places.Some come to 4.________ their fortune or earn a living while others 5.________ down to escape from the cold north of China.Afterwards，I 6.____________ a neighborhood where the Bai ethnic group lived.I had the fortune to participate in a series of activities，including identifying poisonous mushrooms，learning about herbal medicine，and 7.____________ items unique to the Bai.Apart from this，I tasted really spicy local food.I experienced the culture first hand and wrote journals every day.
【句型写作】
1．主题为“自律”的调查多么有意义、多么重要呀！(what引导的感叹句)
__________________________ with a theme as “self-discipline”！
2．让这对双胞胎骄傲的是他们为亲爱的妈妈做了一顿早餐。(what引导的主语从句)
________________________ was that they cooked a breakfast for their beloved mother.
3．这位女士挑选了很多衣服，都很适合她。(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
The lady selected many clothes，________________________.
4．为了更好地了解中国的过去和现在，我们可以观看那些有关中国的纪录片。(不定式作目的状语)
________________________________________，we can enjoy those documentaries about China.
5．您可以告诉我们应该如何提升我们的短剧吗？(how引导的宾语从句)
Would you please tell us ________________________？
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
admit
(1)admission　(2)putting/having put　
(3)Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University　
(4)is admitted to be a good chance for foreigners to improve their oral Chinese
bring about
(1)brought up；brought about　
(2)bring down　(3)brings back　
(4)brought up；brought in　(5)bring out
escape
(1)taking　(2)from　
(3)At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.
fortune
(1)fortune　
(2)seek/try his fortune；
if/whether he could make a fortune；
had the good fortune to/was fortunate to；
fortunately/luckily
occur
(1)to　(2)It occurred to/struck/hit Mother that
settle
(1)you have so many problems to settle every day；
you (should) settle down to considering　
(2)settled down on the grass
(1)What we should focus on/concentrate on；what we should do for　
(2)what used to be a wasteland　
(3)what could cheer up；what seemed like a century；what she used to be
(1)my legs trembling and my heart beating wildly　
(2)Many wonderful works shown/exhibited　
(3)The cross-country run over
(1)How excited/thrilled we were；how hard it was；
What a meaningful activity it was/How meaningful an activity it was！　
(2)What difficult challenges you have faced；
what great progress you have made
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.selection　
2.Fortunately　
3.complaining/having complained　
4.down　
5.collection　
6.collecting；collections　
7.settled；settlement　
8.container；contains　
9.earns；earnings
10．suitable；suits
11.diverse；diversity　
12.fortune；fortunate；unfortunately　
13.admitted；was admitted；admission　
14.selective；selects；selection　
15.poet；poems　
16.taking　
17.being
18．suitable　
19.containing　
20.that
【选词填空】
1.bringing about　
2.headed to
3．Apart from　
4.turned into　
5.used to　
6.earning a living
【语篇语法填空】
1．definitely　2.constructions　3.contained　4.seek　
5.settle 6．headed to　7.collecting
【句型写作】
1.What a meaningful and important research　
2.What made the twins proud　
3.all of which suited her well
4.To better know China’s past and present　
5.how we should improve our short play