高中英语人教版（2019）必修3-Unit 4 Space Exploration-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测（含答案）

必修3-Unit 4 Space Exploration-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．beyond prep.在更远处；超出
2．current adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮
3．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
4．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
5．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
6．mankind n．人类
7．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
8．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
9．otherwise adv.否则；要不然
10．oxygen n．氧；氧气
11．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
12．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
13．resource n．资源；财力；物力
14．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
15．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
16．towel n．毛巾；抹布
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．analysis n．(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析
2．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点
3．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附着的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋
4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的
5．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断
6．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
7．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的
8．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
9．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
10．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
11．limited adj.有限的→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制
12．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上地
13．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
14．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的
15．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.宇宙的；通用的
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
2．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
3．closing adj.结尾的；结束的 n．停业；关闭；倒闭
4．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米
5．data n．[pl.]资料；数据
6．dock vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞
7．facility n．设施；设备
8．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
9．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
10．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区
11．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
12．gravity n．重力；引力
13．high-end adj.高端的
14．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
15．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 (leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
16．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉
17．ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
18．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
19．pillow n．枕头
20．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
21．soap n．肥皂
22．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹
23．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
24．smartphone n．智能手机
25．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的
26．solar system太阳系；类太阳系
27．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
28．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
29．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
30．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
31．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
32．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．as a result所以；结果(是)
2．carry on继续做，坚持干
3．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
4．in closing最后
5．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
6．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
7．provide for sb 提供生活所需
8．result in导致；造成
9．run out用完；耗尽
10．so as to (do sth)为了；以便
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.(make＋宾语＋宾补)
这些悲剧使人们感到伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
2．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)
宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
3．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
4．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)
首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
5．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.(doing作前置定语)
因此，太空技术有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
【考点突破】
argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证 (argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点)
argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事argue that...主张……，认为……argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
(1)The reason why he had an ____________(argue) with his wife was that their money was running out.
(2)He often argues __________ his son ________ recycling water so as to cut down the water bill.
(3)They argued him into ________(take) exercise on a regular basis.
(4)根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语经典提高他们的英语水平。
Based on the above chart,65% of the students __________ enjoying English songs while _______________ they can have their English level improved by reading English classics.
attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视 (attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)
attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上attach importance/significance/value/weight to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量 be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于
(1)Please find my application letter and resume in the ____________(attach)．
(2)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more __________(attach) to Tony，the robot.
(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
_______________________ during the process of learning a language.
(4)他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。
He took out the hammock，________________________ and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望
have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 desire to do sth 渴望做某事desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事desire that...(should) do...渴望……
(1)The boy has a strong desire ________ a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.
(2)My foreign teacher desires his son ____________(learn) Chinese culture，so I strongly recommend Beijing Language and Culture University to him.
(3)如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
①If ___________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
②If _______________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that)
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n．失望，沮丧)
be disappointed at/with/by...对……感到失望be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望be disappointed that...对……失望 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(1)我对我父母收养了一个无家可归的男孩感到失望，好像他偷走了我父母的爱。我整天唉声叹气。意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。
I _________ that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents’ love.I sighed away my days.Sensing that I ___________ his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and _____________ gradually gave way to my gratitude to him.
(2)他对未能获奖感到极度失望，把自己锁在房间里。
Overcome with _____________________，he locked himself in the room.
(3)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.
→_________________ was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
→They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt，______________.(用定语从句改写)
lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
(a) lack of缺少……for/through lack of因缺少…… be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)For lack ________ sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
(2)健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and ________________________.
(3)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
①Though they ___________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.
②____________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)
run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)run across偶然遇到run after追逐；追求run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
用run的相关短语填空
(1)The moment we ________________ a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ________________ it in excitement.
(2)David’s energy was ________________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finish line，bathed in sweat.
(3)I had _________ all my patience and I began to explode with anger.
signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事signal (sb) that示意(某人)…… traffic signals交通信号灯
(1)The headteacher signaled to the monitor __________(manage) the students strictly.
(2)铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。
The bell _________________，and the students rose to their feet，seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
(3)司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙送他到医院。幸运的是，一路上的交通信号畅通无阻。
The driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital.Fortunately，_________________________.
动名词短语作主语Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
exploring space在句中作主语。doing作主语还有以下情况：(1)it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.“做某事没用。”；It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事浪费时间。”(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing作主语。
(1)对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。
_______________ is the reason why I respect you.
(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。
____________ made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that _______________ and ______________ was what I must do right now.
(3)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
In my opinion，_______________________________.
(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。
____________ made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could have done”；表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could do”。
otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
(1)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，__________________.
(2)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。
I have no money on me now.Otherwise，_____________________.
(3)快点，否则我们会错过末班车。
Hurry up，________________________________________.
【高考链接】
1．The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging procedures.
该项目还导致用于执行医学影像程序的药物数量的减少。
2．Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us？
到底是为什么一些人比我们其他人聪明得多或者有创造性得多？
3．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
汤姆如此独立以至于他从来都不问父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。
4．Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution，but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and，because of their small size and weight，they cannot be recycled.
塑料吸管肯定不是塑料污染最大的来源，但是近来它们却备受争议，因为大部分人实际上并不需要吸管来喝东西，而且，由于体积小、重量轻，它们不能被回收。
5．If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.
如果你在室外运动，你的身体将学会深呼吸，使更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．Mr Smith is ____________(determine) to seek his fortune in the downtown area.
2．The young man had a strong desire ____________ (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated.
3．He had to seek help from his colleagues for lack ________ experience.
4．Those who ignore the traffic ________(signal) can’t escape being punished.
5．It was wise of him to admit what he had done otherwise he ______(get) into series of trouble.
6．An ____________ about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people ____________ that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue)
7．Unsatisfied with the results of the __________，the researchers ____________ the data again.(analyze)
8．A ______________ illness confined him to bed for over a month and doctors couldn’t solve the ____________ of the illness.(mystery)
9．He is healthy ____________ and physically.That is to say，he has ____________ and physical health.(mental)
10．Many parents ______________ great importance to getting a good education at this school ____________ to Peking University.(attach)
11．Artificial ____________ has been used in phones，which makes them seem to be ______.(intelligent)
12．When asked whether he was ____________ to be an astronaut，the boy just looked at me with ____________.(determine)
13．Judging from his ____________ look，his boss was ____________ with his performance.So to his ____________，he didn’t get promoted.(disappoint)
14．Since the country became __________ in 1842，it has played an important role ____________.Gone are the days when it ____________ on others for everything.(depend)
15．A person’s life is _________ but knowledge is ____________.(limit)
16．The diversity between minorities often brings about ____________(argue)．
17. Apart from the mild climate，the ethnic music also results ________ the prosperous tourism.
18. Afterwards，he seemed to run out ________ fortune and finally he lost all his possessions.
19．The prince had his servant attach a jade accessory ________ his robe carefully.
20．________________(blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my face.
【选词填空】
1．Smoking ________________ about 21 million people’s death during the 1990s.
2．Mankind is exploring space ________________ finding out more about the universe.
3．We are anxious to know whether you have ________________ how much the trip will cost altogether.
4．My car broke down on the way to the beach because petrol had ________________.
5．We must ________________ till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
6．She’d have sufficient money to ______________ her children until she could find work.
【语篇语法填空】
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.They 1.____________ rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are 2.____________ to devote themselves to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3.____________.Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For 4.__________ of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up，5.____________ they would float around.They also need to figure out a way to store 6.____________ food and oxygen.However，people’s desire to explore space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space 7.____________.This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration，which is a shallow view.Our planet’s resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly.
【句型写作】
1．他的迅速反应让老师很满意。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
His quick response ______________________________________.
2．他有很多朋友，因为他容易相处。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
He has many friends because ________________________________.
3．听录音机是提高你听力技能的好方法。 (动名词短语作主语)
________________ is a good way to improve your listening skill.
4．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)
The workers were not better organized，otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
5．为了保持身材，她每天在泳池游泳半小时。(doing作前置定语)
To keep her figure，_______________ for half an hour on a daily basis.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
argue
(1)argument　(2)with；about/over　
(3)taking　(4)argue for；18% of the students argue that
attach
(1)attachment　(2)attached　
(3)You can never attach too much importance to reading　
(4)attached it to the trees
desire
(1)for　(2)to learn　
(3)①you desire to communicate with foreigners freely　
②you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
disappointed
(1)was disappointed；was disappointed at/with/by；my disappointment　
(2)bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize　
(3)What made them disappointed/What disappointed them　
which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
lack
(1)of　(2)(a) lack of exercise　
(3)①lacked/were lacking in cooking experience　
②Though lacking (in) cooking experience
run out
(1)ran across/into；ran after　(2)running out　(3)run out of
signal
(1)to manage　(2)signaled that school was over　
(3)the traffic signals were clear all the way
动名词短语作主语
(1)Having a positive attitude to study　
(2)Being lost in the forest；it was no use feeling frightened；finding my way out of the forest　
(3)it is a waste of time playing computer games
(4)His failing in the exam again
otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
(1)otherwise we would have given you a hand　
(2)I would lend some to you　
(3)otherwise/or we will miss the last bus
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.determined　
2.to earn　
3.of　
4.signals　
5.would have got　
6．argument；argued　
7.analysis；analyzed　
8.mysterious；mystery　
9.mentally；mental　
10.attach；attached
11.intelligence；intelligent　
12.determined；determination　
13．disappointed；disappointed；disappointment　
14.independent；independently；depended　
15.limited；limitless/unlimited
16.arguments　
17.in　
18.of　
19.to　
20.Being blamed
【选词填空】
1.resulted in　
2.in the hope of　
3.figured out　
4.run out　
5.carry on　
6.provide for
【语篇语法填空】
1．launch　2.determined　3.disappointed　4.lack　
5.otherwise　6.sufficient　7.independently
【句型写作】
1.makes the teacher very pleased　
2.he is easy to get along/on with　
3.Listening to the radio
4.would have accomplished　
5.she swims in the swimming pool