Section Ⅰ Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1． n．小说；虚构的事
2． n．诚实正直；完整；完好
3． n．庄重；庄严；尊严
4． n．薪水；薪金
5． n．女售货员；女推销员
6． vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
7． conj.然而；但是；尽管
8． n．谣言；传闻
9． adj.每周的 n．周刊
10． n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长
11． n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
12． n．售货员；推销员
13． adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
14． n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
15． n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
16． n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)
17． adv.向后；倒着；往回
18． n．侄女；外甥女
19． vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
20． n．灯；台灯
21． n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
22． adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度
23． 检验；测试
24． 更像是；更接近
25． 根据；以……的方式(基准)
26． 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
27． 比……更好；更胜一筹
28． 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
29． 与……冲突或抵触
30． 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
31． (逐渐)减少；消失
32． 有强烈的欲望做某事
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→ vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→ n．内疚
3． vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明
4． vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算
5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→ vi.& vt.(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊；(使)看不清
6． n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享→divided adj.分裂的；有分歧的
7． n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的→urgency n．紧急；迫切→urgently adv.紧急地；急迫地
8． adj.随机的；不可思议的→randomly adv.随机地
9． vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增→explosive adj.易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的；暴躁的；突增的；激增的
10． vt.使震惊；使昏迷→stunning adj.惊人的；极具魅力的→stunned adj.目瞪口呆的
11． n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．If you study harder than before，there will be a bonus.
2．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot.
3．How absurd，she thought.He was just a machine.
4．She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
5．Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling，but she fell off the ladder.
________ ___________
6．Two hundred grammes of flour should be added to the cake mix.
7．I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again.
8．My niece came in to fetch something，maybe her handkerchief，apparently without seeing me.
__________
appointment n．预约；约会；委任 (appoint v．任命；委派；安排；约定)
make/have an appointment with sb和某人有约
keep an/the/one’s appointment赴约；守约
break an/the appointment失约
appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人(为)……
appoint sb to do sth指派某人去做某事
(1)He always appointed me (perform)various jobs，which made me explode with anger.
(2)I have made appointment with the science fiction writer at the cafe.But because of an unexpected visitor，I have to break the (appoint)．
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被任命为这个组织的领导者，我写信祝贺你。
Learning that you the leader of the organization，I am writing to congratulate you.
guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 (guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)
be guilty of...犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(1)The guy who was questioned by the police was declared to be guilty theft.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出内疚的泪水。
The salesman making such a stupid mistake and welled up in his eyes.
dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人
dismiss...from...去除，消除；解雇；免职；开除
dismiss...from one’s mind忘记/摒除/不再考虑……
(1)It turned out that he was dismissed being lazy and dishonest.
(2)The chairwoman (dismiss) from her post for some so-called rumours，which threw her into the world of endless sadness.
[写作佳句]
(3)(动作描写)他尽情地唱歌跳舞，把他的烦恼抛到脑后。
He sang and danced with abandon， .
declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 (declaration n．宣称；声明)
declare sb/sth (to be)．..宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against赞成/反对
declare war (on/against...)(向……)宣战
declare sth/that...宣布……
It is/was declared that...据宣布……
(1)The science fiction novel was declared (be) the best novel of the year.
(2)When asked for his opinion，he declared strongly the policy，saying that it was unfair.
(3)After considering all the pros and cons，the chairwoman firmly declared the decision，which made people in favour of the plan relieved.
[写作佳句]
(4)(话题写作之生态保护)幸运的是，没过多久这个地方就被宣布为自然保护区，濒危动物得到了保护。
Fortunately，it wasn’t long before and the endangered animals got preserved.
on a...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
on a regular basis定期地；例行地；有规律地
on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周
on the basis of...以……为基础
base...on/upon...把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据
(1)We were amazed when my niece shared with us her science fiction novel which was based a true story.
[写作佳句]
(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我每天读半小时的英文报。以大量的阅读为基础，我极大地提高了我的英语。基于我自己的经历，我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。
I read the English newspaper for half an hour much reading，I have greatly improved my English. my own experience，I call on all of you to read the English newspaper .
superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n．上级，上司[superiority n．优势；优越(感)]
be superior to比……更好，更胜一筹
be inferior to比……差/级别低
be senior to比……年长/职位高
be junior to比……年龄小/职位低
(1)The chairwoman always treats others with dignity，including people much inferior her.
(2)Just as the saleswoman says，the products they now produce have (superior) to their former ones in quality.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之心理描写)说实话，他总是表现得似乎比我优越，这让我气得直发抖。
To be honest，he always behaves ，which makes me tremble with anger.
take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占据；开始从事；接受
(1)语段填空
据宣布，他已接管这家公司。他解雇了一些不称职的工人，雇用了许多有能力的工人。另外，作为一个谦逊的人，他吸收其他人的建设性建议。管理这家公司占据了他所有的时间，但是他满怀信心地挑起重担。在所有人的共同努力下，这家公司结果大获成功，他的脸上露出了满意的笑容。
It was declared that he had the company.He dismissed some unqualified workers and many capable ones.Furthermore，being a modest person，he others’ constructive suggestions.Managing the company all his time，but he the burden with great confidence.With joint efforts，it turned out that the company and a satisfied smile emerged on his face.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)接受这个奖的时候，我是如此激动以至于热泪盈眶。
，I was so excited that tears welled up in my eyes.
turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
turn down调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn in上交；交还，退还
turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn up调高(音量等)；出现
(1)He turned on time at my birthday party and I was wild with joy.
(2)What annoys my grandmother is that I like turning lights but often forget to turn them .
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)结果我的提议不符合公司的要求而被拒绝了。因此，我别无选择只能向你寻求帮助。你可以帮忙改进我的提议以便我可以在5月28日前再次提交这个提议吗？
It that my proposal didn’t meet the company’s requirements and it got .So I have no choice but to you for some assistance.Could you please help improve my proposal so that I can it again before May 28
urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 (urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的)
have/feel an urge to do sth/for sth有强烈的欲望做某事/要某物
urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事
(1)With an (urge) matter emerging，I must break our appointment.
[写作佳句]
(2)(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)尽管我渴望买一辆自行车，我的责任感敦促我快点回家把我辛苦挣的钱交给我的父母。
Although I ，my sense of responsibility to hand in my hard-earned money to my parents.
(3)人们极力主张早睡以便保持身心健康。
so that we can keep physically and mentally healthy.
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.一词多义
A．解散 B．解雇 C．消除(顾虑等) D．拒绝考虑
1．What he said just now dismissed doubts from my mind.
2．To the students’ joy，the class was dismissed early today.
3．He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.
4．He was dismissed from his job for being unqualified.
A．关掉 B．在场 C．结果是 D．制造
5．As it turned out，Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.(2023·全国乙)
6．The factory turns out 900 cars on a weekly basis.
7．The children just played until their parents came round to turn the lamps out.
8．I really expected him to turn out on time.
A．n.步速；速度 B．n.一步 C．v.踱步；缓慢而行
9．What annoyed him was that his leg hurt，and he could hardly walk even one pace.
10．The chairman stood up and began to pace up and down.
11．According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．He inched his way through the narrow passage.
2．He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.
3．I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.
4．Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which made Jeremy explode with anger.
答案精析
基础词汇过关
Ⅰ.1.fiction 2.integrity 3.dignity 4.salary 5.saleswoman 6.dismiss 7.whereas 8.rumour 9.weekly 10.chairwoman 11.flour 12.salesman 13.superior 14.labour 15.leather 16.inch 17.backwards 18.niece
19．fetch 20.lamp 21.pace 22.maximum 23.test out
24．more like 25.on a．..basis 26.pros and cons 27.superior to 28.take over 29.conflict with 30.turn out 31.fall away 32.have an urge to
Ⅱ.1.appoint 2.guilt 3.declare 4.calculate 5.blur
6．division 7.urge 8.random 9.explode 10.stun
11．mud
Ⅲ.1.意外收获 2.荒谬的 3.荒谬的；荒唐的 4.指甲
5．悬挂 梯子 6.克 7.操纵杆 控制板 8.手帕
核心词汇突破
1．(1)to perform (2)an；appointment
(3)are appointed (as/to be)
2．(1)of (2)was guilty about/for/at；tears of guilt
3．(1)for (2)was dismissed (3)dismissing his trouble from his mind
4．(1)to be (2)against (3)for (4)the place was declared (to be) a nature reserve
5．(1)on/upon (2)on a daily basis；On the basis of；Based on/upon；on a regular basis
6．(1)to (2)superiority (3)as if he were superior to me
7．(1)taken over；took on；took in；took up；took on；took off (2)When taking up the award
8．(1)up (2)on；off/out (3)turned out；turned down；turn to；turn；in
9．(1)urgent (2)had an urge to buy a bike；urged me to hurry home/urged that I (should) hurry home
(3)It is urged that we (should) go to bed early
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.A
Ⅱ.1.v.(朝……)缓慢移动 2.职务 3.除法
4．突然爆发(感情)Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．The robot could fall in love with humans.
B．The robot could do everything that man can.
C．An experiment tested out by the household robot Tony.
D．An experiment where a household robot was tested out.
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the robot
A．Because she didn’t like him.
B．Because the robot was in fact not a machine.
C．Because she had seen the robot before.
D．Because the robot was more like a human than a machine.
2．What caused the change of Claire’s feelings
A．Tony’s wisdom and encouragement.
B．Tony’s appearance and unique temper.
C．Claire’s appreciation and attachment to Tony.
D．Claire’s support and trust to Tony.
3．What does Gladys Claffern think of the relationship between Claire and Tony
A．Friends. B．Lovers.
C．Relatives. D．Colleagues.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Tony falls in love with Claire.
B．Tony will have a rest that night.
C．Tony will stay with Claire forever.
D．Tony，the robot，needs to be improved.
5．What is the text type of this passage
A．Argumentative writing.
B．Narrative writing.
C．Expository writing.
D．An advertisement.
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
A robot named Tony was sent to Claire’s house 1. (test) out when her husband Larry was absent for three weeks.He looked like a real man，tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice.
Not only did he look like a human，but he 2. (behave) like a real man.He did everything to comfort Claire.He prepared breakfast in 3. morning.He even asked whether to help Claire get 4. (dress)，which made Claire feel embarrassed.Gradually，Tony won Claire’s trust，and he always treated her 5. dignity.When he heard that Claire was not 6. (satisfy) with her house，he began to help improve it.When he learned that Claire was jealous of Gladys，he helped to improve 7. (she) makeup and make Gladys and her friends admire Claire by 8. (hold) a party at home.
Tony was only a robot，but he could do and think 9. (exact) like a real man.10.
an excellent science fiction story it is!
Ⅰ.补句子 析结构
1．Claire didn’t want the robot in her house，especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her (harm)．(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句话为 句。由 连接前后两个并列分句。 as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks是 从句；that引导的是 从句。
汉语翻译：
2．He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice，although his (face) expression never changed.(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句话为 句，主句中with smooth hair and a deep voice作 语，although 引导 从句。
汉语翻译：
3．She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry，who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.(P2 Para.4)
结构分析：此句话为 句，how 引导 从句，作tell的 语，who wanted to improve his social position...是who引导的 从句，修饰 。
汉语翻译：
4．As he was not allowed to accompany her the shops，he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.(P2 Para.6)
结构分析：此句话为 句。句中as引导 从句；that引导 从句，修饰先行词 。
汉语翻译：
5．He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was (return)．(P3 Para.7)
结构分析：此句话为 句。句中that引导 从句，作suggested的 语，从句用 语气。
汉语翻译：
6．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(P3 Para.9)
结构分析：此句话为 句。heard him declare 是“hear＋ ＋ ”的结构；declare后跟两个that引导的 从句，第 个that可以省略，第
个that则不可以省略，第二个从句中的to please her为动词不定式短语作desire的 。
汉语翻译：
Ⅱ.研典句 学用法
more...than...的用法
He seemed more like a human than a machine.他看上去更像一个人，而不像一台机器。(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为简单句，seem like 意为“看上去像”。
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more...than...的基本用法：“比……更……”；特殊用法：“与其说……不如说……”，“是……而不是……”。
more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于not only。
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。
more than one＋单数名词，意为“不止一个”，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
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(1)据说，到目前为止，不止一个人被解雇了。
It is said that so far.
(2)不要因这个荒谬的错误责备你儿子。事实上，他比你更沮丧。
Don’t blame your son for this absurd mistake.In fact，he is .
(3)与其说一些著名的科幻作家是小说家，不如说他们是预言者。
Some famous science fiction writers are .
(4)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他非常乐意帮助我们学英语。他不仅仅是我们的老师，他还是我们的亲密朋友。
The person I respect most is my English teacher，who is with English studies.He is and he is also our close friend.
It＋be＋adj.＋that从句
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.(P2 Para.4)
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。
结构分析：此句话为but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中thought后是省略了that的宾语从句，该从句为“It＋be＋adj.＋that从句”句式。
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“It＋be＋adj.＋that从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。it作形式主语的其他常用句式：
It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，reported...)＋that从句
It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen)＋that从句
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(1)显然他有强烈的欲望接管这家公司。
he has an urge to take over the company.
(2)双胞胎突然想起他们可以为亲爱的妈妈做一顿美味的母亲节早餐。
they could cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast for their beloved mother.
(3)人们希望把中国传统文化传播到全世界。
our traditional Chinese culture should be spread to the whole world.
完全倒装
As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.(P2 Para.6)
当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，as引导时间状语从句，主句用了完全倒装。
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使用完全倒装句的几种情况：“方位方向加时间，地点介短表语(提)前”，即：
here，there，in，out，off，away(方位)，up，down，back(方向)，now，then(时间)等表示方位、方向或时间的副词或者表示地点的介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be，come，go，remain，lie，run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。
主系表结构中，若系动词为be动词，作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such置于句首时用完全倒装。
[名师点津] (1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。
(2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
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(1)下课铃一响起，快乐的孩子们就冲出了教室。
The moment the bell rang， the happy children.
(2)这是一些关于如何创造一个绿色和谐的环境的建议。
a green and harmonious environment.
(3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)一棵大树下坐着失望的大卫，他不情愿地放弃了越野赛，悲伤的泪水顺着他的脸止不住地流淌。
，who unwillingly quit the cross-country run and tears of sadness streamed down his cheeks without control.
(4)这就是我们的女主席，正直、睿智、诚实。
，who is full of integrity，wisdom and honesty.
课文重点词块默写
1．用……做实验
2．出差
3．感到恐慌
4．面部表情
5．钦佩他的睿智和诚实正直
6．尊敬地
7．提高他的社会地位
8．更确切地说
9．惊奇地看着他的手指
10．陪她去商店
11．写出……的清单
12．改变他的态度
13．转身
14．从梯子上掉下来
15．感到了他身上的温暖
16．推开
17．拥抱她
答案精析
课文整体理解
Step 1
Ⅰ.D
Ⅱ.1.clever 2.elegant 3.Gladys Claffern 4.rude 5.fall off the ladder 6.hairstyle 7.makeup 8.transformed 9.party 10.attitude 11.catch her 12.to please
Step 2
1．D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B
Step 3
1．to be tested 2.behaved 3.the 4.dressed 5.with
6．satisfied 7.her 8.holding 9.exactly 10.What
长句难句分析
Ⅰ.1.to be harmed 并列复合 but 时间状语 宾语
克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是当她丈夫将要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到其他伤害。
2．facial 复合 状 让步状语
他虽然面部表情毫无变化，但是个子高大，相貌英俊，头发顺滑，声音低沉浑厚。
3．复合 宾语 直接宾 非限制性定语 Larry
她告诉他，她很不高兴，因为她的家对拉里来说不够优雅，拉里想通过更高的薪水来提高他的社会地位。
4．to 主从复合 原因状语 定语 things
由于托尼被禁止陪同克莱尔去商店，所以他开具了一张装修房子所需材料的清单。
5．to return 主从复合 宾语 宾 虚拟
他还建议克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来玩，时间就定在托尼离去和拉里回家之前的那个晚上。
6．the 主从复合 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语 一 二 后置定语
克莱尔听着托尼宣布说他次日并不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
Ⅱ.1.(1)more than one worker has been dismissed (2)more frustrated than you (3)more predictors than novelists
(4)more than willing to help us；more than our teacher
2．(1)It is obvious that (2)It occurred to the twins that
(3)It is hoped that
3．(1)out rushed (2)Here are some suggestions on how to create (3)Under a big tree sat disappointed David
(4)Such is our chairwoman
课文重点词块默写
1．experiment with 2.be away on a business trip 3.feel alarmed 4.facial expression 5.admire his wisdom and integrity 6.with dignity 7.improve his social position 8.or rather 9.look at his fingers with wonder 10.accompany her to the shops 11.write out a list of 12.change her attitude 13.turn around 14.fall off the ladder 15.feel the warmth of his body 16.push away 17.take her in his armsSection Ⅲ Reviewing Useful Structures
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习
Are you ready to get fit We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Center will soon be open to the public once again.Our facilities ①have been enlarged and redone，and our center is now bigger and better than ever before.The finishing touches ②are now being put to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms ③will have been updated with modern equipment by the end of this e by and check them out! Better still，we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included.Weight training classes，for example，④are being designed and ⑤will be added to our programme soon.We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches.We are confident that we have something for everyone.Looking forward to seeing you here!
自主发现
以上黑体部分均使用了 语态，其中句 是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是 ； 句 和 是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是 ；句 是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是 ；句 是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是 。
被动语态
一、被动语态的概念
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。
二、被动语态的用法
1．不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。
The meeting has been put off for some reason.
会议已因故被推迟了。
2．强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。
A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school.
学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特色班。
三、各种时态的被动语态
1．These electric devices are examined and fixed on a monthly basis.
这些电器每月都被检修。
2．The science fiction novel was published in 2016.
这部科幻小说于2016年出版。
3．The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company.
这种新型机器人将会被公司附近的一些餐馆测试。
4．Many animals are being killed and their habitats are being damaged.
许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。
5．When I arrived at the garage，my car was still being repaired.
当我到达修理厂的时候，我的汽车仍在修理中。
6．The manager said Tom would be dismissed.
经理说汤姆会被解雇。
7．The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.
这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。
8．The chairwoman said she had been invited to the party.
女主席说她已经受邀参加晚会了。
9．The project will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月末，这项工程将被完成。
[总结]
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时 be(am/is/are) done
一般过去时 be(was/were) done
一般将来时 shall/will be done
现在进行时 be(am/is/are) being done
过去进行时 be(was/were) being done
过去将来时 should/would be done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
将来完成时 will have been done
四、各种时态的被动语态的特殊情况
1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
The boy breathed a sigh of relief when hearing that he wouldn’t be dismissed.
当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了口气。
2．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动句时应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。
(1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
→He was seen sitting there without doing anything by us.
我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。
(2)His words made me throw up.
→I was made to throw up by his words.
他的话令我作呕。
[名师点津] 在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
3．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。
My father is telling me an interesting story now.
→An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
→I’m being told an interesting story by my father now.
爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
4．动词短语是一个整体，在主动语态或被动语态中都不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
Kids in the kindergarten are being taken good care of.幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。
5．主动形式表示被动意义
(1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The idea sounds great.
这个主意听起来棒极了。
The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious.
他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。
(2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。
(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
His hair needs cutting.
→His hair needs to be cut.
他的头发需要剪了。
(4)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。
The novel is worth reading again.
→The novel is worthy to be read again.
这部小说值得再读一次。
五、动词不定式的被动语态
1．I am very happy to be thus praised.
受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。
The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library.
这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。
The room seems to have been broken into.
似乎有人闯进过这个房间。
I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University.我很自豪已被北京大学录取。
[总结] 动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。
2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况
(1)sb have sth to do/There be sth to do 句型中
Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare.
会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。
There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad.
每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。
(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do)
Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with.
我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。
(3)“疑问词＋to do”结构
With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first.
手上有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。
六、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1．意义差别
The window is broken.窗子破了。
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。
[总结] 被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
2．用法差别
He was very interested in science.(系表结构)
他对科学非常有兴趣。
I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态)
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。
[总结] 过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰；而被动语态不能用so，very，too修饰，需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
2．The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
3．The median(中间值的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and (expect) to increase to 42 by 2050.
4．They are living with their parents because their own house (decorate)．
5．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations (employ) only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
6．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth (praise)．
7．Jones got the idea after he had talked with a saleswoman who (cheat) of her money.
8．Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run) out.We must take action immediately.
9．After he took over the company，he decided to have more workers for the project so that it won’t (delay)．
10．In her speech，the chairwoman stresses that no problem here is difficult (work) out，if we think carefully enough.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态
The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1. (刘慈欣所写)．It 2. (被认为是) one of the best science fiction stories.After the novel 3. (被出版)，it drew wide attention.The story of the novel 4. (基于科学)，imagination and personal experience.The novel 5. (已被翻译成许多种语言) so far.Now it 6. (正被全世界的人们阅读) and it 7. (将被未来的几代人珍惜)．
答案精析
语境感悟
被动 ① have/has been done ② ④ am/is/are being done ③ will/shall have been done ⑤ will/shall be done
达标检测
Ⅰ.1.was built 2.felt 3.is expected 4.is being decorated 5.have been employed 6.praising 7.had been cheated 8.are running 9.be delayed 10.to work
Ⅱ.1.is written by Liu Cixin 2.is considered as 3.was published 4.is based on science 5.has been translated into many languages 6.is being read by people all over the world 7.will be treasured by future generationsSection Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the interview on P6 and choose the best answer.
1．What can robots do now according to the expert
A．Do jobs in factories.
B．Do teaching or nursing.
C．Do programming work.
2．What is the main benefit of using a robot
A．Greater labour efficiency.
B．Ability to be superior and take over.
C．Intelligence to handle difficult problems.
3．What is Simon’s attitude to the development of robots
A．Indifferent. B．Curious. C．Favourable.
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the interview on P6 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Host：Welcome back to the show.Just now we talked about time travel with sci-fi expert，Simon Phoenix.So，if we could move on now，Simon，robots are often in the news these days.Do you think robots will eventually live among us，and 1. for us，like in science fiction
Simon：Well，robots already do many jobs，in factories，for example.But they often do simple tasks and do not look like humans，unlike in the movies.However，as artificial intelligence develops，we’ll certainly see robots with more 2. ，such as teaching or nursing，and we are therefore likely to make them look more like us，so we feel more 3. .
Host：What benefits and problems do you think this would bring
Simon：The main benefit would be greater labour efficiency，giving us more time for other things.But there would certainly be issues with 4. .The more intelligent they become，the more powerful and dangerous they will be，too.Above all，we need to think carefully about how to programme them 5. us humans.
Host：That reminds me of the Three Laws of Robotics by Isaac Asimov.Is that what you mean
Simon：Yes.That’s a good place to start.Asimov was one of the greatest sci-fi authors，and he wrote the Laws in 1942.However，he also showed how the Laws could be broken.I believe he was showing us the problems we would have with such 6. .
Host：In sci-fi stories，robots often become superior and 7. .Do you think this could really happen If so，should we not build clever robots
Simon：It is very hard to stop technology once it has been created.Robot technology is developing very fast，so it could be possible.We use technology more and more in our lives.I think the line between humans and robots 8. in the future.
Host：Thanks a lot，Simon.So，I take it that you don’t have any robots at home
Simon：Well...yes，I do 9. ！
答案精析
Ⅰ.1.A 2.A 3.C
Ⅱ.1.do most of our jobs 2.complex occupations 3.comfortable 4.integrating them into society 5.to protect
6．intelligent machines 7.take over 8.will be more blurred 9.actuallySection Ⅴ Reading for Writing
Activity 1 Read for details [细节把握]
1．What happened to the Time Traveller’s niece
A．She moved like a rocket in the lab.
B．She came to help the Time Traveller.
C．She saw the Time Traveller travel in the time machine.
D．She was looking for something in the lab for a little while.
2．Why did the Time Traveller feel strange and unpleasant during the time travel
A．The Time Machine had been poorly designed.
B．He was travelling through time at such a high speed.
C．He suffered from the time lag.
D．He was feeling the time travel sick.
3．Why was the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine
A．Because he would lose control of the machine.
B．Because the machine would explode as a bomb.
C．Because the machine was so fast that he couldn’t stop it.
D．Because the same space might be possessed by other things and they would all explode.
4．What did the Time Traveller meet when he stopped
A．A dinosaur. B．A storm.
C．A volcano. D．An explosion of a bomb.
5．What order is the passage written in
A．Time.
B．Places.
C．The process of events.
D．Feelings.
Activity 2 Read for structures [文章架构]
Beginning (Para.1)：I gave the Time Machine 1. and sat myself in the seat.
↓
Process (Paras.2－4)：I pushed the lever forwards and further. My pace grew 2. . I finally pulled the lever 3. hard.
↓
Ending (Para.5)：I have travelled 4. years.
Activity 3 Read for language features [增分靓句]
1．Read the text and find out the sentences that describe actions.(读文章并找出作者描写动作的句子)
2．Read the text and find out the sentences that describe feelings.(读文章并找出作者描写感受的句子)
Ⅰ.补句子 析结构
1．It probably took her a minute，but to me she moved a rocket! (P8 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是并列句，由并列连词 连接两个并列分句。
汉语翻译：
2．As my pace grew (fast)，the walls of the laboratory fell away，and I was left in
open air.(P8 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是 句，as引导 状语从句， 连接两个并列主句。
汉语翻译：
3．The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky，but soon there was
(divide) between night and day.(P8 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是 句，并列连词是 ，as if引导 从句。
汉语翻译：
4．I calculated that I was being pushed time at hundreds of years a minute.(P8 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是 句，that 引导 从句。
汉语翻译：
5．But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else，we would
(force) together and explode like a bomb！(P9 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是 句，if引导 状语从句，从句中and连接两个 句；第二个and连接两个并列谓语 和 。
汉语翻译：
Ⅱ.研典句 学用法
It is/was...that/who...强调句型
It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.(P8 Para.1)
上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。
结构分析：此句为强调句型，强调时间状语 at ten o’clock today。
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强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。多用于强调句子主语、宾语和状语；
强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
not...until...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...
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(1)正是因为杰克上学迟到才使史密斯先生生气。
Mr Smith got annoyed.
(2)妈妈大发雷霆道：“是什么使你与你的同事发生冲突？”
The mother exploded，“ caused you to conflict with your colleague？”
(3)正是有你慷慨的帮助，我坚信我会尽可能快地适应大学生活。
I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
(4)正是你不经意的善举对我产生了重大的影响。
It is your random act of kindness .
(5)直到我经历了磨难，我才意识到家庭的意义。
that I realized the significance of family.
as if引导方式状语从句
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out，and in another moment came the day.(P8 Para.2)
夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
结构分析：此句为并列复合句。as if相当于as though，意为“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句，并列连词and后面的分句是完全倒装句。
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as if/though可引导方式状语从句和表语从句。
as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态：
as if/though
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(1)眼含泪水，他眉头紧锁，张开嘴好像要说些什么。
His eyes filling with tears，he frowned and opened his mouth as if .
(2)我有一种坠落的感觉，像在梦中似的。
I had a sensation of falling，as if .
(3)玛丽对龙卷风的描述如此生动，我觉得自己好像也经历过龙卷风。
Mary’s description of the tornado was so vivid that .
本单元的写作任务是写一则短篇科幻故事。时间旅行是科幻作品中常见的主题，也是人类对自由穿梭于过去、现在和将来，驾驭时空的向往。本单元要求学生阅读完《时间机器》(改编版)后就时间旅行展开想象，假设自己可以穿越时空，会对世界进行怎样的探索。这次写作活动要求学生既要大胆展开想象，又要情节合理，其中细节描写非常重要。
1．首段常用句式
I often dream about time travelling.
我经常梦想着时间旅行。
As time goes by/With time going by，there will be great changes in...
随着时间的推移，在……方面将有巨大的变化。
Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw...
从前，一个年轻人正在穿过一片树林，这时他看到……
2．中段常用句式
The spaceship/time machine is mainly controlled by...
宇宙飞船/时间机器主要由……控制。
Cars and buses are all computer-programmed.
小汽车和公交车都是电脑编程。
Looking around，I find myself surrounded by many smart devices.
环顾四周，我发现自己被许多智能设备包围。
3．尾段常用句式
Imagine a future where time travelling is possible.We are free to travel through time to any point in history.
想象一个时间旅行成为可能的未来。我们可以自由地穿越时空到历史上的任何时间点。
As a matter of fact，I believe the wide spread of AI actually acts as a motivation to force us to become more intelligent.事实上，我相信人工智能的广泛传播实际上是一种动力，迫使我们变得更聪明。
To sum up，every technology is a double-edged sword.综上所述，每一项技术都是一把双刃剑。
Ⅰ.续写要求
阅读课文The Time Machine，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
The Time Traveller stops in the year 802701.
The Morlocks then steal the Time Machine and use it as bait to capture and kill the Time Traveller.
Ⅱ.技巧点拨
续写关键点拨一：谋布局结构，注重细节描写，巧用修辞
(1)布局结构：beginning—developing—climax—ending；
(2)细节描写：包括动作、感官体验、心理活动等；
(3)修辞：可巧用明喻、暗喻、夸张、比较、对照等。
续写关键点拨二：围绕主题，合理安排续写内容
(1)写目的地(when and where)
(2)写未来与现在的区别
(3)写遭遇 encounters(people/things/adventures)
(4)写回来的问题(challenges)
(5)写感受，写时间旅行带来的担心或危险
(6)写如何证明在进行时间穿越(clock/people)，如何操作等
续写关键点拨三：提问题，推断情节发展
Para.1
What does the earth look like in the year 802701
Who does the author meet and what happens between them
What adventures does he have and what feelings does he have
Who are Morlocks and why do they capture him
Para.2
Have Morlocks captured him
Does he return to his own time
If so，how does he return
How does he feel when coming back
续写关键点拨四：参考词汇
1．看起来像
2．形状像/形如
3．逃走
4．死里逃生
5．只会给某人丢脸
6．隐藏了一个可怕的真相
7．许多……
8．住在地下
9．用……作食物来源
10．爱上……
11．与……失去联系
12．然而
13．遭到袭击
14．成功做某事
15．穿越回到他开始的时间
Ⅲ.实战演练
The Time Traveller stops in the year 802701.
The Morlocks then steal the Time Machine and use it as bait to capture and kill the Time Traveller.
答案精析
课文整体理解
Activity 1
1．D 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A
Activity 2
1．a last check 2.faster 3.backwards 4.thousands of
Activity 3
1．①I gave it a last check，and sat myself in the leather seat.
②Looking around，I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
③I drew a breath，gripped the lever and pushed it forwards.
2．①It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.
②I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
③I was stunned for a moment，and then heard the sound of thunder.
长句难句分析
Ⅰ.1.like but 她大约花了一分钟时间，但在我看来，她的动作快如火箭！
2．faster the 复合 时间 and 我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁随之坍塌，我置身野外。
3．division 并列复合 but 表语 太阳和月亮看起来似乎正被抛向天空，但是很快就有了昼夜之分。
4．through 复合 宾语 我估算我一分钟要穿越数百年的时间。
5．be forced 复合 条件 并列 would be forced together explode 但是，如果我停下来，同一空间被别的东西占据，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹一样爆炸！
Ⅱ.1.(1)It was because Jack came late for school that
(2)What was it that (3)It is with your generous help that
(4)that makes a great difference to me (5)It was not until I went through hardships
2．(1)he would say something (2)I were in a dream
(3)I felt as if/though I had experienced one myself
写作技法指导
Ⅱ.1.look like 2.shape like/be shaped like 3.escape/make one’s escape 4.have a narrow escape 5.just embarrass sb
6．hide a horrible truth 7.a world of 8.live underground
9．use...as a source of food 10.fall in love with 11.lose contact with 12.however/nevertheless 13.under attack
14．manage to do/succeed in doing 15.travel back to the time when he started out
参考范文
The Time Traveller stops in the year 802701.The whole earth looks like a garden with beautiful，happy people called Eloi who play all the time，but this hides a horrible truth；there is a whole world of people called Morlocks who live underground in a dark，mechanised society who use the Eloi as a source of food.The Time Traveller meets an Eloi woman and falls in love with her.The Time Traveller and the Eloi woman are attacked by Morlocks.He is able to escape，but he loses contact with the woman and perhaps she is killed.
The Morlocks then steal the Time Machine and use it as bait to capture and kill the Time Traveller.However，once he is in the Time Machine，he pulls the lever and begins to travel in time again and is able to make his escape.He travels 30 million years into the future to see the sun cool and the earth turn into a lifeless planet.He then travels back to the time when he started out，only to find that three hours has passed.
