专项08　形容词和副词 学案（含答案） 2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项八　形容词和副词
河北中考考情分析
　　分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出,河北中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在词义辨析和比较等级。完形填空也侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析,且侧重一组形容词词义辨析和一组副词词义辨析,同时侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。词语运用则主要考查形容词或副词的比较等级和词性(形)转换。预计2025年河北中考会在完形填空和短文填空中考查形容词或副词。近六年考查频次及分值如下表:
考查点 年份 题号 考题设置 分值
形容词词义辨析 2024 44 single/similar/special/simple 1分
2023 41 lazy/tired/ugly/stupid 1分
48 brave/active/proud/honest 1分
2024 42 right/safe/poor/natural 1分
44 last/great/free/long 1分
46 fresh/thin/clear/cool 1分
2023 42 tired/angry/excited/good 1分
44 kind/clever/strict/careful 1分
2023 45 lovely/friendly/happy/sleepy 1分
2024 42 different/similar/large/small 1分
副词词义辨析 2024 43 clearly/bravely/patiently/correctly 1分
2023 45 suddenly/nearly/finally/recently 1分
2023 33 never/seldom/sometimes/always 1分
49 clearly/luckily/quickly/politely 1分
2023 46 somewhere/everywhere/anywhere/nowhere 1分
48 ever/never/seldom/always 1分
2024 35 still/always/already/almost 1分
38 Easily/Finally/Safely/Quickly 1分
形容词、副词的 比较级和最高级 2024 36 busier/busiest/wider/widest 1分
71 young→younger 1分
2024 80 nice→nicest 1分
2023 38 lower/lowest/higher/highest 1分
78 fast→faster 1分
形容词、副词的 比较级和最高级 2023 36 older/oldest/younger/youngest 1分
79 many→more 1分
2024 29 easier/harder/higher/slower 1分
形容词、副词转换 (包括名词变形容词、动词变形容词) 2024 73 happy→happily 1分
2023 72 real→really 1分
77 relax→relaxed 1分
2024 72 friend→friendly 1分
2023 71 love→lovely 1分
2023 73 quick→quickly 1分
2024 74 wonder→wonderful 1分
79 deep→deeply 1分
Ⅰ.单项选择
(2024·河北)Jianshe Road is the 　　　　road in our city,especially around 8:00 am.
A.busier B.busiest
C.wider D.widest
(2023·河北)Please be polite and 　　　　offer your seat to people who need it.
A.never B.seldom
C.sometimes D.always
(2023·河北)—What is the world’s 　　　　mountain
—Mount Qomolangma.
A.lower B.lowest
C.higher D.highest
(2023·河北)Helen is the 　　　　person in her family. Her two elder sisters are both married.
A.older B.oldest
C.younger D.youngest
(2024·河北)The High Speed Rail is amazing. It makes travel 　　　　.
A.easier B.harder
C.higher D.slower
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空
(2024·河北)Lin Ming is seven and Lin Fang is two years 　　　　(young) than her brother.
(2024·河北)Some boys and girls were playing 　　　　(happy) on the playground.
(2023·河北)I was 　　　　(real) shy and nervous on the first day at school.
(2023·河北)I felt 　　　　(relax) at once.
(2024·河北)I thought it was the 　　　　(nice) cake I had ever eaten.
(2023·河北)Last week, we played against another school. They ran 　　　　(fast) than us.
(2023·河北)Mom cut the meat and cabbages into small pieces 　　　　(quick).
(2023·河北)They were so delicious that I ate 　　　　(many) than twenty.
(2024·河北)I was 　　　　(deep) moved.
考点一　形容词
形容词的用法
用法 示例
作状语,主要表示伴随、时间、原因或结果等 He went home,full of fear.他满怀恐惧地回了家。(伴随状语) Young,my grandfather had to work for the landlord all year.我爷爷年轻时不得不长年给地主干活。(时间状语) Hungry and tired,I had to stop to have a rest.又累又饿,我只好停下休息了一下。(原因状语)
作定语,放在被修饰的名词之前,复合不定代词something、anyone等之后 It’s a sunny day today.今天是晴天。 I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你。
作表语,放在系动词之后 He looks sad today.他今天看起来很伤心。
作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,动词常用make、keep、leave、find等　 Don’t keep the door open.别让门开着。
某些形容词放在定冠词之后,相当于名词,表示一类人,常见的此类形容词有good、bad、rich、poor、young、old、living、dead等 The young usually like popular songs.年轻人通常喜欢流行歌曲。
-ing形容词和-ed形容词
-ing形容词修饰物,-ed形容词修饰人。
如:I’m interested in the interesting story.我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。
含形容词的常用句型
(1)“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+动词不定式”表示“某人做某事怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有kind、nice、polite、clever、foolish、lazy、careful、careless等。
如:It’s nice of you to say so.你这样说太好了。
(2)“It’s+adj.(+for+sb.)+动词不定式”表示“做某事(对某人来说)怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有difficult、easy、hard、dangerous、safe、useful、pleasant、interesting、impossible等。
如:It’s necessary for us to find it out.对我们来说弄清楚这件事是有必要的。
表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad/pleased、sorry、sad等后常接动词不定式。
如:I’m glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready、able、sure等后常接动词不定式。
如:Are you able to come the day after tomorrow 后天你能来吗
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
—Nelly,were you 　　　　at the result of the singing competition
—Yes.We thought it was a 　　　　result.(surprise)
It’s 　　　　(relax) for me to have a break and listen to music after the work.
I’m 　　　　(please) to hear the exciting news that our team won the game.
Is there anything 　　　　(interest) in today’s newspaper
Don’t keep the windows 　　　　(close).It’s hot in the room.
The old woman didn’t seem to be very 　　　　(excite) about this.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的形容词填空
successful,patient,convenient,humorous,cruel,especial,perfect
You have to be 　　　　and wait until I finish my work.
Overseas experience may help make our lives 　　　　.So why not try to study abroad
—How do you like this house
—　　　　!It’s everything I’ve been looking for.　
—Our lives will be more 　　　　if 5G technology is used widely.
—Yes,I quite agree with you.
—Why not ask Bob to join us in the trip to the zoo tomorrow
—Everyone in our group loves animals,but he always seems 　　　　.
—Why is Mike so popular in your class
—Because he always tells jokes.He is 　　　　.
考点二　副词
副词的用法
用法 示例
作 状 语 修饰动词 He studies hard.他学习努力。
修饰形容 词或副词 The girl is very happy.这个女孩很开心。
修饰整 个句子 Luckily,nothing valuable was stolen.幸运的是,没有贵重物品被盗。
作定语 The food here is very delicious.这里的食物很好吃。
作表语 My father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。
作宾语 补足语 Let him in,please.请让他进来。
副词的分类
时间副词(句子时态的重要标志) now、then、today、tomorrow、yesterday、before、ago、soon、lately、early、already等　
地点副词(前面不加介词) outside、inside、upstairs、here、there、home、near、away、in、back、off、up、anywhere等
方式副词(大多由“形容词+ly”构成) quickly、happily、loudly、suddenly、luckily、badly、easily等
程度副词(可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级) very、quite、rather、too、much、so等
疑问副词(常用来构成特殊疑问句) when、where、why、how
关系副词(常用来引导定语从句) when、where、why
频度副词(表示事情发生的频率,可用来回答how often引导的特殊疑问句) always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly、seldom、never
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
You’d better leave (quick),or trouble will come to you.
—He is so humorous and kind.All his students love him.
—　　　　(exact).He is my favorite teacher.
We have been to the China Folk Culture Villages (late).
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的副词填空
yet,quite,almost,however,already,very,hardly
Ken was 　　　　late for school.The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.
Seeing the new changes in her hometown,Nanjing,Sandy could 　　　　believe her eyes.
The hotel was very noisy.　　　　,I was so tired from travelling that I slept very well.
—Tom,haven’t you helped your parents do the housework 　　　　
—Yes,I’ve helped them wash the dishes 　　　　.
What you said at the meeting are 　　　　right.
When you go to a boarding school,you have to be separated from your family.It’s a 　　　　brave thing to do.
考点三　形容词、副词的词形变化
常见的名词变形容词的方法
构成方法 示例
加-en wood→ wooden,gold→ golden,wool→ woolen
加-ern east→ eastern,west→ western,southeast→ southeastern
加-y cloud→ cloudy,wind→ windy,health→ healthy
加-ly friend →friendly,week→ weekly,month → monthly
加-ful care→ careful,help→ helpful,wonder→ wonderful
加-less home → homeless,care→ careless,hope→ hopeless
加-n Asia→ Asian,Australia→Australian, India→ Indian
加-ous danger→ dangerous,humor→ humorous,courage→ courageous
形容词变副词的方法
情况 构成方法 示例
一般情况 加-ly quick→ quickly,brave→ bravely
以“辅音字 母+y”结尾 将y变 i再加-ly easy→ easily,happy→ happily　
以le结尾 去e加-y simple→ simply,gentle→ gently
以“元音字 母+e”结尾 去e加-ly true→ truly,due→ duly
常见的形容词、副词同形的单词
词语 形容词词义 副词词义
fast 快的 快
early 早的 早
high 高的 在高处
hard 努力的;硬的;艰难的 努力地;坚硬地;艰难地
late 晚的;迟到的 晚;迟
straight 直的 径直地;直线地
The manager sounded 　　　　(friend) on the phone.He offered to show us around the company.
I can’t believe I am 　　　　(real)going to meet the princess.
—Jessica,it’s raining hard outside.
—Oh,you should be 　　　　(care) when you drive to work.
Tony is such a 　　　　(create) boy that he can make up stories with surprising endings.
“You look 　　　　(love) in that yellow and white skirt,” May said to her friend.
I lost my ticket,but 　　　　(luck),the travel agent gave me another one.
—Dad,I get a good job.
—Congratulations!Work hard and make yourself more 　　　　(value).
The problem hasn’t been solved 　　　　(simple) because you didn’t follow my instructions.
Diet drinks(低热量饮料)are not quite as 　　　　(health) as you think.It is reported that drinking too many of them might lead to illness.
It’s 　　　　(polite)to talk with your mouth full.
考点四　形容词和副词的比较等级(比较级、最高级)
形容词和副词的比较等级的构成
(1)形容词、副词的比较等级的一般变化规则
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般在词尾加-er或-est small fast smaller faster smallest fastest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r或-st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y变为i,再加-er或-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er或-est big thin bigger thinner biggest thinnest
部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more或most interesting important more interesting more important most interesting most important
(2)常见比较等级不规则变化的形容词和副词
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的判定与用法
(1)原级的判定与用法:形容词或副词原级可以用表示程度的副词very、 so、 too、 enough、 quite等修饰,常见的结构和用法如下:
结构 用法 例句
as+形容词/副词原级+as 两者相比,程度相同。as...as结构前可以带表示程度的状语,如quite、 almost、 half、 twice等 This book is almost as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。
not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as 两者相比,表示“一方不及另一方” This village isn’t as/so big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。 I didn’t do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。
倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as 表示“是……的几倍” The city is twice as big as my hometown.这个城市是我家乡的两倍大。
(2)比较级的判定与用法:比较级表示两者之间比较,表示程度的副词a little、 a bit、 a lot、 much、 even等可以修饰比较级以加强程度,常见比较级的结构和用法如下:
结构 用法 例句
比较级+than 表示两者进行比较 She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。
比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越……”,其中多音节形容词或副词用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级” She is growing fatter and fatter.她长得越来越胖了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。
the+比较级,the+比较级 表示“越……就越……”,如果“the+比较级”修饰名词作定语,名词要紧跟在比较级之后 The busier the old man is, the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高兴。 The more money he gets, the more he wants.他得到的钱越多,他想要的就越多。
特殊疑问词+其他+谓语动词+比较级, A or B 两者进行比较,表示“哪一个更……” Which subject do you like better,English or Chinese 你更喜欢哪一科,英语还是语文
A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B 表示“……几倍于……” The Yangtze River is almost three times longer than the Pearl River.长江大约比珠江长两倍。
(3)最高级的判定与用法:表示三者或三者以上比较时用最高级,常见最高级的结构和用法如下:
结构 用法 例句
主语+谓语动词(+the)+最高级+in/of短语 表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最……的” He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班里最高的男孩。
主语+be+one of+the+最高级+名词复数 表示“最……的……之一” He is one of the most popular singers.他是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
特殊疑问词+谓语动词(+the)+最高级,A, B or C 三者比较,“谁最……” Who jumps highest, Tom, Bill or John 谁跳得最高,汤姆、比尔还是约翰
主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/of短语 表示“……是第…… (最……)的……” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
主语+谓语动词+比较级+than any other+单数名词=主语+is the+最高级 比较级结构表示最高级含义 China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is the largest country in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。
—Mom,why do we seldom go out to eat
—Honey,home cooking is 　　　　(healthy) and can improve the family relationship.
—Does Grace sing well
—Yes,she sings 　　　　(clear) and 　　　　(loud) than other singers.
During the exam,the 　　　　(care) you behave,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
Dreams are powerful and they can drive you to work harder and become 　　　　(good) than before.
Peter thinks the environment in his hometown is not as 　　　　(good) as before.Both the air and the water are badly polluted.
—Would you like to go to the city and live with us,Grandpa
—Oh,dear,I am used to the life in the countryside.I think life here is 　　　　(comfortable).
Spending a weekend in the countryside has been 　　　　(popular) choice for people in the city.
—How do you like the film,Tom
—Pretty good!It’s one of 　　　　(interesting) films I ever watched.
Miho is 　　　　(young) student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.
Who jumped 　　　　(far) of all the students
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Martin went out 　　　　(angry) when he heard the news.
Huangguoshu Waterfall is 　　　　(wide) known to people at home and abroad.
Tom always insists hard work does not necessarily lead to success. I can’t agree with him 　　　　
(complete).
Jane was too 　　　　(excite) to fall asleep quickly.
The life is better than before but the environment is much 　　　　(bad).
Peter is 　　　　(young) than his sister May.
Let me repeat 　　　　(exact) what he just said.
　　　　(final), she won the gold medal at her fourth Olympics.
Bruce jumps 　　　　(far) than most of the students in his class.
The scientists found one of the 　　　　(tall) trees in the world.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空
heavy,excite,sleep,popular,wise,hard,easy,large,real,early
—Why are you looking 　　　　in class all day
—Because I can’t finish my homework until eleven every night.
Sometimes it rains 　　　　in my hometown in summer.
The book covers all of Chinese history.It is 　　　　worth reading again.
—What do you think of the TV series In the Name of People
—It is 　　　　one I’ve ever seen.
As the number of cars in Shanghai gets much 　　　　,the pollution is becoming more serious.　
Nowadays online courses are becoming as 　　　　as those learned in classes at school.
These exercises are 　　　　enough for him to finish in half an hour.After all,he is no longer a little child.
The speaker’s voice was so low that Nancy could 　　　　hear him.
Don’t worry.I’m sure you can make your choice 　　　　.
The Book of Songs is the 　　　　collection of poems in China and the beginning of China’s poetry.
Ⅲ.短文填空
Li Na is a middle school student.Last term,while she was watching a clothing show on TV,a kind of 1.(tradition) clothes called hanfu caught her eye.How she wished to have her own hanfu!
She told her mother that she wanted one.Her mom thought for a while and said,“You can have one if you make progress by the end of this term.” She felt 2.(disappoint)but decided to make it.After that,she studied 3.(hard) than before.4.(when) she faced difficulties,she tried her best to solve them.Sometimes she thought about giving up,but she fought on.Then,in the 5.(finally) exam,she made great progress.And her mom was happy with her.Finally,the “big” day came.When she got home one afternoon,she saw a 6.(beauty) big box on the table.“Wow, hanfu!” Her wish came true.
On a 7.(sun) Saturday,Li Na wore her own hanfu to a park with her family.There,a lot of people were attracted by her clothes including some foreign children.Li Na introduced hanfu to them
8.(proud).She told them that hanfu—a symbol of Chinese culture,is getting more and more popular.That day,she enjoyed the beauty of hanfu and experienced the traditional culture.
Looking back at the past days,she thinks she has got a lot 9. 　 (much) than the new clothes. Whenever she sees hanfu,it reminds her that hard work can help people get what they 10. 　　　　
(real) want.
【详解答案】
河北中考·真题体验
Ⅰ.1.B　解析:句意:建设路是我市最繁忙的道路,尤其是早上8点左右。busier“更忙碌的”;busiest“最忙碌的”;wider“更宽的”;widest“最宽的”。根据“especially around 8:00 am”可知,早上8点左右的建设路非常繁忙;前面有the,后面有in our city,故用最高级。故选B。
2.D　解析:句意:请有礼貌,并总是给有需要的人主动让座。never“从不”;seldom“很少”;sometimes“有时”;always“总是”。根据“Please be polite”和“offer your seat to people who need it”可知,always符合语境。故选D。
3.D　解析:句意:——世界上最高的山是哪座 ——珠穆朗玛峰。lower“更低的”;lowest“最低的”;higher“更高的”;highest“最高的”。根据“Mount Qomolangma.”和常识可知,问句问的是世界上最高的山。故选D。
4.D　解析:句意:Helen是她家里最年幼的人,她的两个姐姐都结婚了。根据“in her family”可知,此处应用最高级,又根据“Her two elder sisters”可知,Helen是最年幼的。故选D。
5.A　解析:句意:高铁让人惊讶,它使旅行更容易。easier“更容易”;harder“更难”;higher“更高”;slower“更慢”。根据“The High Speed Rail is amazing.”及常识可知,高铁使旅行更容易。故选A。
Ⅱ.1.younger　2.happily　3.really
4.relaxed　5.nicest　6.faster
7.quickly　8.more　9.deeply
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一:
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.surprised;surprising　2.relaxing　3.pleased　4.interesting　5.closed　6.excited
Ⅱ.1.patient　2.successful　3.Perfect　4.convenient　5.cruel　6.humorous
考点二:
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.quickly　2.Exactly　3.lately
Ⅱ.1.almost　2.hardly　3.However
4.yet;already　5.quite　6.very
考点三:
针对训练
1.friendly　2.really　3.careful
4.creative　5.lovely　6.luckily
7.valuable　8.simply　9.healthy
10.impolite
考点四:
针对训练
1.healthier　2.more clearly;loudly
3.more carefully　4.better　5.good
6.more comfortable　7.the most popular
8.the most interesting　9.the youngest　10.(the) farthest/furthest
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.angrily　2.widely　3.completely　4.excited　5.worse　6.younger
7.exactly　8.Finally　9.farther/further
10.tallest
Ⅱ.1.sleepy　2.heavily　3.really
4.the most exciting　5.larger　6.popular
7.easy　8.hardly　9.wisely　10.earliest
Ⅲ.1.traditional　2.disappointed
3.harder　4.Whenever　5.final
6.beautiful　7.sunny　8.proudly
9.more　10.really