专项10　非谓语动词 学案（含答案）2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项十　非谓语动词
河北中考考情分析
　　河北近六年的中考真题对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在动词不定式上,如动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等;同时,也涉及对动词不定式的固定句型和用法的考查和对“疑问词+动词不定式”的考查等。非谓语动词在河北中考的考查中逐渐弱化,预计2025年河北中考对非谓语动词考查的可能性不太大。近六年考查频次及分值如下表:
考查点 年份 题号 考题设置 分值
作宾语(固定搭配) 2024 81 连词成句 1分
连词成句
(2024·河北)poems,I,writing,like
　.
(2024·河北)on time, to, remember, arrive
　.
考点一　动词不定式
动词不定式的构成
(1)肯定形式:to+动词原形(to只是不定式符号,本身无意义)。
(2)否定形式:not+to+动词原形。
(3)动词不定式的特点:没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语,但仍保持动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的句法功能
功能 示例 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。 不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面
表语 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这个房间。 多数情况下,动词不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等
宾语 I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语
宾补 She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我不要在课上讲汉语。 在make、let、see、hear、watch等使役、感官动词后,动词不定式省略to
定语 Have you got anything to say 你有要说的吗 动词不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面
状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.(表示原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English.(表示目的)我去图书馆学英语了。 动词不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语保持一致
“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语。
如:When to go to Beijing hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)
I haven’t decided when to leave Beijing.我还没决定什么时候离开北京。(作宾语)
My question is how to go to Beijing.我的问题是如何去北京。(作表语)
(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。
如:Can you tell me where to buy a cup =Can you tell me where I can buy a cup 你能告诉我在哪里能买到杯子吗
后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)
plan计划,decide决定,hope希望,afford负担得起,agree同意,begin开始,choose选择,expect期望,fail未能(做到),learn学习,like喜欢,manage设法做成,offer主动提出,prepare准备,promise承诺,refuse拒绝,start开始,try努力,wish希望,would like想要
后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词
allow允许,ask要求,advise建议,encourage鼓励,expect期望,force强迫,help帮助,invite邀请,order命令,remind提醒,require要求,teach教,tell告诉,want想要,warn警告,wish希望
【注意】常见动词不定式省略to的情况:
(1)感官动词和使役动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to需省略。
一感——feel;二听——hear、listen to;三让——let、make、have;四看——look、watch、see、notice。
(2)and、but、or、than、except等连接两个并列的动词不定式时,第二个不定式常省略to。
如:She wants to be a teacher and help children in the countryside.她想成为一名教师,帮助农村的孩子们。
动词不定式的常用结构
(1)too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。
如:The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小了而不能照顾自己。
(2)“adj.+enough to...”表示“足够……去做……”。
如:He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。
(3)It’s one’s turn to do sth.表示“轮到某人做某事了”。
如:It’s my turn to clean the classroom.轮到我打扫教室了。
(4)It takes/took sb.some money/time to do sth.表示“花费某人一些金钱/时间做某事”。
如:It took me three hours to finish the task on my own.独自完成这项任务花费了我三个小时。
(5)It+be+adj.+of/for sb.+to do sth.表示“某人做某事是……的/对某人来说做某事是……的”。
如:It’s kind of you to help me with my study.你能在学习上帮助我真是太好了。
It’s hard for you to carry the machine by yourself.你靠自己搬这个机器是困难的。
(6)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
如:She prefers to receive a small and meaningful gift rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。
(7)It+be+one’s duty+to do sth.表示“做某事是某人的责任”。
如:It’s my duty to look after my little sister.照顾我的小妹妹是我的责任。
At times,parents find it difficult 　　　　(talk) with their teenage children.
The traffic sign warns people 　　　　(not drive) after drinking.
—I have less homework than before.
—Me too.Now we have enough time 　　　　(read) books.
Science is my favorite subject,so I have prepared 　　　　(join) the STEAM Club.
—What are you going to do this summer vacation
—I plan 　　　　(see) Huahua,a nearly 3-year-old lovely panda in Chengdu.
It’s important for us 　　　　(not give) up when we fail each time.
考点二　动名词
动名词的句法功能
用法 示例
作主语 Getting up early is a good habit.早起是个好习惯。
作表语 His hobby is studying stars.他的爱好是研究星星。
作宾语 动词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
介词 宾语 I have no experience in teaching English.我没有教英语的经验。
作定语 There is a swimming pool in the park.公园里有一个游泳池。
常见接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
advise建议,avoid 避免,consider 考虑,enjoy 喜欢,finish 完成,imagine 想象,keep坚持,mind介意,miss 错过,practice 练习,feel like想要,suggest 建议,look forward to 期待,be(get)used to 习惯于,spend time(in)花费时间做……,be busy(in)忙于做……,have fun(in)开心地做……
有些动词后既可接动词不定式,又可接动名词作宾语,但含义有所不同。动词不定式往往表示将要发生的动作;动名词一般表示正在发生或已经发生的动作。常见的几组固定搭配有:
They stopped to have a rest.他们停下来休息。
I must stop working.我必须停止工作了。
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关灯了。
He forgot turning the light off.他忘记已经关了灯了。
Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don’t you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过这个人吗
You must try to be more careful.你必须设法更仔细些。
I tried gardening but didn’t succeed.我尝试过园艺,但未成功。
We regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job.我们遗憾地通知你,我们无法为你提供这份工作。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉她我的想法。
We mean to call on you tomorrow.我们打算明天去看望你。
Being a student means studying hard.作为一名学生意味着努力学习。
Judy enjoys cooking,and she is busy (help) her mom prepare dinner now.
I think we should spend as much spare time as we can 　　　　(read).
It is important to avoid 　　　　(waste) time and make good use of every minute.
—I remember 　　　　(bring) your ticket home,but I can’t find it.
—Don’t worry.Look for it everywhere again.
In his free time,he likes traveling around and 　　　　(record) his discoveries on the phone.
—Why did you stop in front of the classroom just now
—I heard someone 　　　　(sing) there.
I can’t help 　　　　(laugh) when I watch the humorous TV show.
考点三　过去分词
过去分词的句法功能
用法 示例
作定语 The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。
作表语 She is very tired.她很疲劳。
作宾语 补足语 She found the village greatly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。
作状语 Given more time,I can make a better cake.给我更多时间,我可以做一个更好的蛋糕。
【注意】过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示该动作的被动或者完成。
the novel written by Lu Xun鲁迅写的那篇小说
a singer surrounded by a group of fans被一群粉丝包围的歌手
fallen leaves落叶
a snow-covered city一座被雪覆盖的城市
常见用法
(1)“主语+have/get sth.done”表示“使……被……”。
如:I want to have/get these chairs fixed.我想把这些椅子修理一下。
(2)“It+be+过去分词+that...”句型:
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is well-known that... 众所周知……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It is required that... 人们要求……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
—Tom,why are you in such a hurry
—Oh,my bike is broken.I’m going to have it 　　　　(repair).
Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages 　　　　(speak) in the world
Tom,your hair is too long,and you should have it 　　　　(cut) this Sunday.
It’s 　　　　(report) that the famous star will come to our city next week.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
More and more young people enjoy 　　　　(read) poems.
I remember 　　　　(put) my key into my bag, but now it’s not there!
Our country has made laws 　　　　(protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River.
He decides 　　　　(work) hard at school this term.
My little brother didn’t go to bed until he finished 　　　　(do) his homework last night.
My mother always has a lot of clothes 　　　　(wash).
The spirit of Lei Feng is worth 　　　　(spread) forever.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
作为一名志愿者,这个女孩每个周末都去医院鼓励生病的孩子。
As a volunteer,the girl goes to the hospital every weekend 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the sick children.
在向老板谎称自己生病后,那个男人回去躺下休息了。
The man went back and 　　　　 　　　　to have a rest after 　　　　to his boss about being ill.
我们想买一些食物和饮料,因为我们将邀请一些朋友参加聚会。
We feel like 　　　　some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends 　　　　 　　　　in a party.
我花了半个小时练习弹钢琴。
It takes me half an hour 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the piano.
他太年轻了。他不知道如何自己做事情。
He is too young.He doesn’t know 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　things by himself.
Ⅲ.短文填空
Do you know carnival(狂欢节) It’s an important festival in many countries around the world.It is usually 1.(celebrate) in February or March each year.Sometimes it can last for several weeks,and in some places people only spend one day on it.
The world’s biggest carnival every February is in Rio de Janeiro,the second biggest city in Brazil.The festival lasts for five days.It is always hot and wet.But no one cares.People from all over the world 2.(wear) all kinds of clothes and go to different kinds of street parties.All they need
3.(do) is enjoy music and dance.
The best part about the Rio carnival is the parade(列队表演) at the Sambadrome.Sambadrome is a big sports center and different samba(桑巴) schools fight for first place there.With thousands of dancers from each school,the parade is always great!
It is 4.(say) that the city of Mazatlán in Mexico is home to the third biggest carnival in the world.During the festival,people all come to the beach 5.(join) in many fun activities.
In Venice,the carnival usually takes place in February and lasts for two weeks.The Venice carnival is 6.(know) for its beautiful clothes.And most of them are handmade.There’s one thing you can’t miss—Frittelle(炸花椰菜球).It is delicious and you can find it in many shops all over the city.
【详解答案】
河北中考·真题体验
1.I like writing poems
2.Remember to arrive on time
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一:
针对训练
1.to talk　2.not to drive　3.to read
4.to join　5.to see　6.not to give
考点二:
针对训练
1.helping　2.reading　3.wasting
4.bringing　5.recording　6.singing
7.laughing
考点三:
针对训练
1.repaired　2.spoken　3.cut　4.reported
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.reading　2.putting　3.to protect　4.to work　5.doing　6.to wash
7.spreading
Ⅱ.1.to cheer up　2.lay down;lying
3.buying;to join　4.to practice playing
5.how to do
Ⅲ.1.celebrated　2.wear　3.to do
4.said　5.to join　6.known