专项12　复合句 学案 （含答案） 2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项十二　复合句
河北中考考情分析
　　分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出,宾语从句是每年中考的必考点之一。单项选择对宾语从句的考查侧重其引导词、语序和时态,一般都会涉及其中至少两个考点。从命题形式来看,不再局限于单项选择、词语运用和连词成句,也会涉及其他考点,这提醒我们要熟练掌握宾语从句的构成及其用法。预计2025年河北中考可能会在短文填空中考查宾语从句。定语从句在2012年之前为单项选择的必考点,但《义务教育英语课程标准》中明确规定只要求学生理解定语从句。河北中考通常是在语篇阅读中渗透对定语从句的考查。因此,预计2025年河北中考对定语从句的考查仍将在语篇阅读中渗透,掌握关系词的用法能够降低语篇阅读的难度。河北中考对状语从句的考查都会与从属连词相结合,主要在状语从句中考查从属连词的辨析及应用,对这一考点可结合专项六(考点二从属连词)进行复习。近六年宾语从句的考查频次及分值如下表:
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 分值
宾语从句 2024 39 引导词 1分
2023 85 连词成句 1分
2024 74 引导词 1分
85 连词成句 1分
2023 40 引导词 1分
2024 85 连词成句 1分
Ⅰ.单项选择
(2024·河北)To know 　　　　the mountain top looks like,you need to reach it.
A.what B.when
C.where D.which
(2023·河北)My cousin will drive me to school today, but I don’t know 　　　　.
A.what he’ll do
B.where he’ll go
C.when we’ll leave
D.why we’ll go there
Ⅱ.根据句意,填入一个适当的单词
　(2024·河北)And she often asks people 　　　　she can do for them.
Ⅲ.连词成句
(2024·河北)can’t, we, it, climb trees, says
　.
考点一　宾语从句
在复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句,以下为宾语从句的三大考点
要素 用法 示例
连接 词 that本身无词义,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用,在口语中that可省略 He said(that) he would go to the seaside.他说他要去海边。
if或whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不可省略,句尾有or not时用whether He hasn’t decided if he’ll go on a trip to Zhejiang.他还没决定是否去浙江旅行。
连接代词(what/who/whose/whom/ which等)在从句中作一定成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 Do you know who he is 你知道他是谁吗
连接副词(where/when/why/how等)在从句中作状语 She asked me where I bought the book.她问我在哪里买的这本书。
时态 需要性原则:主句为一般现在时、一般将来时或现在完成时,则宾语从句根据实际情况使用所需要的时态 I don’t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
呼应性原则:主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句一般与主句的时态保持一致 The children didn’t know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。
特殊性原则:如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理和普遍事实,则不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
语序 从句用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+其他” Do you know where I can get some postcards 你知道我能从哪里得到一些明信片吗
疑问词+动词不定式
(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语、宾语或表语。例如:
Where to go tomorrow hasn’t been decided yet.明天到什么地方去还没定下来。(作主语)
I asked him when to leave Beijing.我问他什么时候离开北京。(作宾语)
My question is how to get there.我的问题是如何到达那里。(作表语)
(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。例如:
Can you tell me where to buy a map of China =Can you tell me where I can buy a map of China 你能告诉我在哪里能买到中国地图吗
否定前移
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到前面的主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。例如:
I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。
Ⅰ.根据句意,填入一个适当的单词
—I wonder 　　　　Peter came to the theatre last night.
—His father drove him there.
—Excuse me,do you know 　　　　I can get a dictionary
—Sure.Go to the second floor.
This famous saying “When I walk along with two others,they may serve me as my teachers.” tells us 　　　　we can learn from.
—Do you remember 　　　　the Jiefang Bridge opened
—Sure.On the evening of May Day.
I can’t wait to know 　　　　is senior high school life like.Maybe it is a world full of challenges.
Language learning itself isn’t that difficult.How much you devote decides 　　　　you can learn it well.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
你能告诉我你最近是否去过湖北吗
Can you tell me 　　 　 　　 　 　　 　 　　 　 　　 　 Hubei recently 　
我想知道他明天是否会来。
I wonder 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　 　tomorrow.
汤姆捡起了两个塑料袋,问袋子是谁的。
Tom picked up two plastic bags and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
你的自行车很漂亮。你能告诉我你在哪儿买的吗
Your bicycle is so nice.Could you tell me 　　　　 　　　 　 　　 　　 　　 　
我不知道应该给我妹妹买什么。
I don’t know 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　for my sister.
汤姆没有认真听,所以他没有听见老师说什么。
Tom was not listening carefully,so he failed to hear 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
考点二　定语从句
定义
　　在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose )或关系副词(when, where, why )连接起来,定语从句前被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
关系代词和关系副词的用法
关系词 用法 示例
关 系 代 词 which 指物,在从句中充当主语或宾语;作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。
that 可指物,也可指人,在从句中充当主语或宾语;在从句中作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略 A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一个能飞的机器。(作主语,不可省略) The homework(that) I finished last night was left at home.我昨晚写完的作业落在家里了。(作宾语,可省略)
who 指人,在从句中充当主语或宾语;作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略 The boy who is standing over there is Tom.站在那边的男孩是汤姆。
whom 指人,在从句中充当宾语,可以省略,也可以用who替代 This is our English teacher whom/who everybody likes.这是我们大家都喜欢的英语老师。
whose 可指物,也可指人,在从句中充当定语 This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.这是我的同桌,其父亲在一家工厂工作。
关 系 副 词 when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语 We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr.Smith.我们永远不会忘记和史密斯先生在一起的日子。
where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语 This is the classroom where we study.这是我们学习的教室。
why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语 This is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.这就是我昨天没有参加会议的原因。
关系代词中只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词是all、none、little、much、some、everything、anything、nothing等不定代词或被其修饰时。如:
Please get everything that we need ready.请准备好我们需要的一切。
(2)当先行词被 the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时。如:
He is the only person that I want to see.他是我唯一想见的人。
(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的书。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。如:
They talked about the people and things that they remembered in school.他们谈论着他们在学校记得的人和事。
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复应用that。如:
Who is the person that is standing at the gate 那个站在门口的人是谁
关系代词中不能用that的情况
(1)介词之后不能用that。如:
This is the factory in which we once worked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。
(2)当先行词本身为that/those时。如:
You must find out those which may be ignored by us.你必须找到那些可能被我们忽视的东西。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
—Could you tell me what kind of movies you like best
—Umm...I like the movies 　　　　make me laugh.
Mrs.Wang is an English teacher makes her class lively.
This is the best TV set 　　　　is made in China.
I will never forget the place 　　　　I have lived for five years.
Ⅱ.按要求改写句子
He gave me a book yesterday.The book is very interesting.(合并为一句)
The book 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　to me by him yesterday is very interesting.
Linda is a kind girl.She is often ready to help others.(合并为一句)
Linda is a kind girl 　　　　 　　　　often ready to help others.
We all like the children.The children have good manners.(合并为一句)
We all like the children good manners.
Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空
We should remember those 　　　　lost their lives for our country.
We haven’t decided 　　　　we will keep a pet.
I’ll never forget the place 　　　　we visited together last year.
Yesterday Mr.Green went to his hometown and visited the old house 　　　　he was born in.
He talked to me about the things and people 　　　　he came across in China.
The most important thing 　　 　we should pay attention to is the first thing 　 　　I have said.
What can we do for the left-behind children in the village 　　　　need help
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
我不知道我的梦想已经成了现实。
I don’t know 　　　　my dream 　　　　already 　　　　 　　　　.
打扰一下,请问书店怎么走
Excuse me,could you tell me 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　to the bookshop
你能告诉我们怎样和外国人开始对话吗
Could you tell us 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　start a conversation with a foreigner
这个教育节目试图展示生活中重要的事情。
The educational program tries to show the things 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　in life.
他们经常想知道为什么没有光就没有树生存。
They often wonder 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　no trees living without light.
Ⅲ.短文填空
Artificial(人工的) intelligence,or AI,is not just about writing texts or making pictures anymore.OpenAI has created a new tool called Sora recently.With just a sentence,Sora can make your words turn into a video.The video looks good and closely follow 1. you want it to show.
Sora is better than many other tools 2. do similar things.It can make videos 3. fit different screens,like big TVs or the screens on our phones.What’s really cool about Sora is that it can show places with people,movements and backgrounds in detail(详细).Sora knows 4. things should look in the real world.For example,5. a woman walks by the water,you can see her reflection change.
Sora works so well 6. it has a helper named ChatGPT. ChatGPT can turn simple sentences into detailed instructions,making the videos more accurate(精准的) to what people want.
7. Sora isn’t perfect.It might get confused with complex movements or how things change after an action.Like,if someone bites a cookie in a video,the cookie might not look right.Sora might also mix up left and right or get the order of events wrong.This might happen because Sora learns about videos piece by piece and doesn’t always understand 8. they fit together.
Right now,Sora is still being tested.OpenAI is asking people 9. know a lot about Internet safety to try and find problems with Sora.They’ve also let some artists and movie makers try Sora
10. they can give advice on how to improve it.
【详解答案】
河北中考·真题体验
Ⅰ.1.A　解析:句意:要想知道山顶是什么样子,你需要爬上去。what“什么”;when“什么时候”;where“哪里”;which“哪一个”。分析句子可知,此处指想知道山顶是什么样子,应用what引导宾语从句。故选A。
2.C　解析:句意:我的堂兄今天将开车载我去学校,但是我不知道我们将什么时候出发。what he’ll do“他将做什么”;where he’ll go“他将去哪里”;when we’ll leave“我们将什么时候出发”;why we’ll go there“为什么我们要去那里”。此处是含宾语从句的主从复合句;题干“My cousin will drive me to school today”已经点明了去哪里和做什么,去学校的原因自是不必解释,由此可排除A、B、D三项。故选C。
Ⅱ.what
Ⅲ.It says we can’t climb trees
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一:
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.how　2.where　3.who　4.when
5.what　6.if/whether
Ⅱ.1.whether/if you have been to
2.if/whether he will come
3.asked whose they were
4.where you bought it
5.what I should buy
6.what the teacher said
考点二:
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.which/that　2.who/that　3.that　4.where
Ⅱ.1.that/which was given
2.who/that is
3.who/that have
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.who　2.whether/if　3.which/that
4.which/that　5.that　6.that;that
7.who/that
Ⅱ.1.that;has;come true
2.how I can get
3.how we can
4.that/which are important
5.why there are
Ⅲ.1.what　2.that/which　3.that/which
4.how　5.if　6.because　7.But　8.how
9.who/that　10.so