高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修4-Unit 1 Science Fiction-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查 基础自测（含答案）

选择性必修4-Unit 1 Science Fiction-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．backwards (NAmE backward)adv.向后；倒着；往回
2．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长
3．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严
4．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
5．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
6．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
7．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾
8．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好
9．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
10．lamp n．灯；台灯
11．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
12．maximum adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度
13．niece n．侄女；外甥女
14．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
15．random adj.随机的；不可思议的
16．salary n．薪水；薪金
17．salesman n．售货员；推销员
18．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员
19．stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷
20．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
21．weekly adj.每周的 n．周刊
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
2．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊
3．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算
4．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明
5．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide v．分开；分散；分配；分享
6．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增
7．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过
8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
9．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
2．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的
3．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利
4．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价
5．fiction n．小说；虚构的事
6．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
7．gramme (NAmE gram)n.克(重量单位)
8．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
9．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
10．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施
11．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)
12．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃
13．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定
14．ladder n．梯子；阶梯
15．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆
16．overstatement n．夸大；夸张
17．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
18．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设
19．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
20．rumour n．谣言；传闻
21．science fiction(informal sci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)
22．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
23．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
24．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管
25．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．conflict with与……冲突或抵触
2．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
3．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
4．more like更像是；更接近
5．on a．..basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
6．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对
7．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹
8．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
9．test out检验；测试
10．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)
第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。
2．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(more than...不仅仅……)
她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。
3．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.(feel like...感觉像……)
这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
4．So long as I travelled at maximum speed，it didn’t matter.(so long as引导条件状语从句)
只要我全速行进就不会有问题。
【考点突破】
guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)
be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(1)I felt guilty ________ my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him.
(2)她喃喃道：“我已经犯下欺骗奶奶的错误，”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。
①“I ____________，” she murmured，and ______________.(并列句)
②“I _______________，” she murmured，_________.(独立主格结构)
take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占去；占据；开始从事
用take的相关短语填空
After (1)________ the firm from his father，Tom (2)____________ some scientific ideas and (3)_________ some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would (4)_______ soon.Certainly，managing the firm (5)______ almost all his time.Tom held the strong belief that his firm would (6)_______ a new look in the near future.
turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
turn down拒绝；关小；调低
turn in上交
turn over翻身；移交；转变
turn to求助于；转向
turn up出现；调高
由于生病，我的搭档不得不把我们的项目移交给我。尽管我对这个项目心里没底，我也不能拒绝他。如果我遇到不能解决的东西，我会向我的搭档寻求指导。完成所有的数据分析后，我按时上交我们的项目。结果我们的有说服力的研究得了最高分。一得知结果，我就出现在医院里，和他分享这个好消息，我们的脸上都洋溢着明媚的笑容。
My partner had to (1)_________ because of his illness.Although I was unsure about the project，I (2)_______．If I came across what I couldn’t settle，I (3)___________．With all the statistical analyses finished，I (4)________．It (5)________ that our persuasive study won the highest grade.The moment I learned the result，I (6)____________，sharing the good news with my partner and our faces beamed with bright smiles.
urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的)
have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
(1)The salesman didn’t work yesterday because he had some ________(urge) things to handle.
(2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。
①To protect oceans better，we _____________ and make changes.(urge sb to do sth)
②To protect oceans better，we ___________ and make changes.(urge that...)
(3)随着中国的发展，极力主张年轻人无障碍地与外国人交流。因此，任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语俱乐部。
With the development of China，____________ the young _________ without difficulty.Hence，anyone _____________ can register for our Spoken English Club.
修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用 It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用比喻词like，as。
(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他脸上的笑容灿烂得如钻石一样闪闪发光。
When he heard us talking about the colorful life，__________________.
(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。
It murmured in a soft voice ____________________________________.
(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。
Tom ________________________，and couldn’t go to the party.
more than... She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。
more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是……”，相当于not only。
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。
more A than B 与其说B不如说A
(1)写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思
①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger._________
②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.____________
③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.________________
④Having performed perfectly in the store，the saleswoman is more hard-working than clever.________________
(2)_________________(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my home.______________(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party._____________(派对不仅仅是为了好玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation.
【高考链接】
1．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure.
据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。
2．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
获得“终身成就奖”的艾琳骄傲地宣布，她不打算从她工作了36年的公司退休。
3．Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries.
这些文化饮食礼仪可能看起来随意而奇怪，但它们在各个国家都很重要。
4．The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”．
GPNP旨在反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，并为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。
5．Everyone can play a part in reducing waste，whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.
每个人都可以在减少浪费中发挥作用，无论是在你每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不要提供你不吃的配菜。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．I feel ____________ about the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my ____________.(guilty)
2．Yesterday the employer ____________ his employees to deal with the ____________ matters by Friday.(urge)
3．The ____________ was caused by a leaking gas pipe，which made the boss ____________ with anger.(explode)
4．There is so much __________ on the __________ road that you have to walk on it with caution.(mud)
5．He ____________ that he would put humans on Mars in less than a decade，but his ____________ proved unrealistic.(declare)
6．He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an ________(explode) of applause came out of the audience.
7．Of the two formats，I think this one is superior ________ the other one.
8．The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts ________ them.
9．As a science student，I never felt an urge ________(appreciate) any literary works.
10．He picked up a handkerchief ________ random and handed it to this innocent girl to wipe her tears.
11．To my great sorrow，my girlfriend didn’t turn up at the ____________(appoint) time.
12．My mind went blank and I felt ____________(guilt) about not answering the question correctly.
13．The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers ________(dismiss) before the deadline—June 10.
14．They recite Tang poems ________ a regular basis and thus，they are good at Chinese.
15．This country declared war ________ four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions.
16．You can use a ____________ to ____________ the average mark of the class and then your ____________ can be accurate.(calculate)
17．Before the discussion，the boys and the girls have been ____________ and the ____________ is useful for their study.(divide)
18．Tom has been ____________ as chairman of the Students’ Association and I will write a letter to congratulate him on his ____________.(appoint)
【选词填空】
1．He always ____________________ look at the random things that are being flashed before his eyes.
2．This book ____________________ to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.
3．Being a determined and responsible man，never will he ____________________ even in time of danger.
4．The general manager opened a single store in Europe with the purpose of ________________ the market.
5．____________________ our peers is a common phenomenon，and how to solve the conflicts is extremely important.
6．Last year he succeeded in __________________ the software company at a reasonable price.
【语篇语法填空】
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
My niece，Jane，laboured to the maximum for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she took up an 1.____________ as the chairwoman.She was respected by all the salesmen and saleswomen because she was full of integrity and dignity.She exactly calculated the staff’s salaries and rewarded the best ones with a 2.____________.Most of the staff were modest，whereas one salesman，Jack,3.____________ that he could sell anything by absurd overstatements，such as science fiction，ladders，flour，leathers，levers of various panels，handkerchiefs，nails，lamps and even mud.In his view，he was superior to others，so he had an urge to take over the position of sales manager.It turned out that he often conflicted with others.Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which greatly stunned Jane and even made her explode with anger.Jane thought inaction was improper，so she urged Jack to weigh pros and cons.Otherwise，his job would be suspended.Jack felt so 4.______ about his ridiculous behavior that tears blurred his eyes.He promised to apologize to all the staff at a meeting on a weekly basis to remove the 5.________ between him and his colleagues.He would share what he gripped from that day on.
【句型写作】
1．我感觉我正飘浮在悲伤的海洋里。(feel like...)
I feel like ________________________________.
2．只要你努力学习，我相信你能赶上其他同学。(so long as)
_____________，I hold a strong belief that ________________________.
3．我担心我是否能够按时完成这项任务。(whether引导的宾语从句)
I am concerned about ________________________________________.
4．我非常荣幸担当你校6月15日即将举行的英语演讲比赛的评委。(more than)
I ______________ at your English Speech Competition to be held in your school on June 15.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
guilty
(1)for/at/about　
(2)①have been guilty of cheating my beloved grandmother；tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks　
②have been guilty of cheating my beloved grandmother；tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks
take over
(1)taking over　(2)took in　(3)took on　(4)take off　(5)took up　(6)take on
turn out
(1)turn over our project to me　
(2)couldn’ t turn him down
(3)would turn to my partner for guidance　
(4)turned in the project punctually/on time　
(5)turned out　
(6)turned up at the hospital
urge
(1)urgent　
(2)①must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior　
②must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior　
(3)it is urged that；
(should) communicate with foreigners；
who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English
修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用
(1)the smile on his face shone like a diamond　
(2)like a little girl whispering to her mother　
(3)was as sick as a dog
more than...
(1)①多于；超过　②非常　③不仅仅是　④与其说……不如说……　
(2)I would be more than delighted；
There will be more than ten friends；
The party is more than for fun
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.guilty；guilt　
2.urged；urgent　
3.explosion；explode　
4．mud；muddy　
5.declared；declaration　
6．explosion　
7.to　
8.with　
9.to appreciate　
10.at
11.appointed　
12.guilty　
13.will be dismissed　
14.on　
15.on
16.calculator；calculate；calculation(s)　
17.divided；division　
18.appointed；appointment
【选词填空】
1.has an urge to　
2.turns out
3.fall away　
4.testing out　
5.Conflicting with　
6.taking over　
【语篇语法填空】
1．appointment　2.bonus　3.declared　4.guilty　5.division
【句型写作】
1.I am floating in the ocean of sadness　
2.So long as you work hard；you can catch up with other students
3.whether I can finish the task punctually　
4.am more than honored to act as a judge