高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修4-Unit 3 Sea Exploration-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查 基础自测

选择性必修4-Unit 3 Sea Exploration-高考一轮复习~基础知识排查+基础自测
基础知识排查
【词汇句型陈列】
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止
2．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
3．channel n．航道；海峡；频道
4．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛
5．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
6．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
7．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
8．tale n．故事；叙述
9．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税 n．税；税款
10．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离
Ⅱ.知拓展单词
1．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩
2．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖
3．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机
4．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的
5．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的
6．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯
7．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的
8．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客
9．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有
10．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员
Ⅲ.阅读单词
1．behold vt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见
2．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱
3．coral n．珊瑚
4．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
5．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
6．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队
7．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
8．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
9．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木
10．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的
11．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的
12．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的
13．merchant n．商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的
14．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居
15．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会
16．spice n．(调味)香料
17．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船
18．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛
19．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．as well as也；又；还
2．for the benefit of为了……的好处
3．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
4．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中
5．in return for作为对……的回报
6．search for寻找
7．set sail 起航；开航
8．take action采取行动
9．under the command of在……的指挥下
10．withdraw from 退出；撤回
Ⅴ.经典句式
1．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.(不定式作目的状语)
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖大部分星球的海洋。
2．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(so that引导目的状语从句)
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。
3．...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(There is an urgent need to do sth 迫切需要做某事)
……为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。
4．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)
这项倡议旨在鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
5．China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
【考点突破】
extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开 vi.& vt.持续，延续(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n．延伸；扩大；延期)
extend...to...提供；给予
extend to延长到
extend by延长了
(1)That’s the logical _____ of my approach to ________ reading.(extend)
(2)This road extends ____ the river，where there are many tourists every day.
(3)这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。
These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class，pared with last year’s course，the duration _______________.
(4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。
__________________，who have done so much for us over the years.
in hand在手头；可供使用
at hand近在手边；在附近
by hand手工，用手的
hand in hand手挽手；密切关联
on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)
用hand的相关短语填空
(1)As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go _________.”
(2)Having enough data ____________，we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.
(3)Meanwhile，you’d better keep a dictionary close ____________ so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.
(4)Even for personal letters，the merchant would rather use a computer than write ____________.
(5)On the one hand，computers extend our vision；________________，they also bring about some harmful problems.
mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的)
show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕
without mercy残忍地；毫无同情地
at the mercy of...任由……摆布
(1)The __________(mercy) king saved him from death，which moved him.
(2)The boss often exploits young employees；that is，young employees are ________ the mercy of the boss.
(3)尽管Meredith一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。
Although the Merediths weren’t well off，_______________ and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible.
possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配)
·take possession of (表动作)占有；拥有
in possession of (表状态)具有；拥有
in the possession of被……拥有；归……所有
·be possessed of sth具有(某种品质或特征)
(1)幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。
Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have，but _____________.
(2)我鼓励不知所措的大卫：“务必记住只有拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。”
I encouraged David who was at a loss，“Do keep in mind that _____.”(运用倒装句)
so that引导目的状语从句 We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。
本句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can，could，may，might等。
so that也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。
(1)每个学生都会有不同的弱科和强科，所以他们应该互相学习，这样比起劣势来，他们就可以有更多的优势。
Every student may have different weak and strong subjects，so they should learn from each other __________________________.
(2)汤姆又没写完作业，因此史密斯先生愤怒地大叫了一声，眼里闪烁着恼怒的光芒。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)
Tom didn’t have his homework finished again ______________，with his eyes shining with annoyance.
There is an urgent need to do sth ...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.……为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。
There is no need (for sb) to do sth (某人)没有必要做某事。
There is a/no possibility that...＝It is possible/impossible that...有/没有可能……
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth 做某事没有意义。
(1)急需选择一种既健康又环保的旅游方式，那就是骑自行车。
____________________________________.That is bicycle riding.
(2)没有实践只掌握理论是没有意义的。
______________________________________ without practice.
(3)毫无疑问，我良好的沟通能力能够使我与他人保持良好的关系。
_______________________ to keep a good relationship with others.
(4)只要你全神贯注于你的目标，你就有可能实现你的目标。
______________________ as long as you put your heart into it.
【高考链接】
1．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.
争论是你和你的对手提出你们的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。
2．Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum，trying to see if anyone knew me.
就在艾琳在公交车上拿走我的钱包后，她在一个在线论坛上发布了一张我的驾照照片，想看看是否有人认识我。
3．Meanwhile，over the course of the 19th century，electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.
与此同时，在19世纪，电从纯粹的稀罕物变成了基本的必需品。
4．The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的区域，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理部门，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。
5．First announced in April,2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.
该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1．The ____________ had ____________ a novelist before he fled his country.(murder)
2．The brilliant professor is a doctor by ________，so he has much ____________ knowledge in medicine.(profession)
3．He is in ____________ of three villas and he also ____________ three firms.(possession)
4．Facing such an event，I have ____________ emotions.I feel a strange ____________ of excitement and fear.(mix)
5．The ____________ king showed ____________ to the poor，who in turn applauded the king.(mercy)
6．The ________(cover) proved to be out of line with the truth was deleted.
7．He __________(murder) a political leader，so he was put in prison and lost his liberty forever.
8．With some reference books on politics ________ hand，I can refer to them whenever necessary.
9．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its ________(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements.
10．All the merchants stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of __________(applaud) at the end.
11．The straightforward prime minister __________(extend) his hand to the new minister of education at yesterday’s press conference.
12．I take possession ________ three cars and I have the capacity to maintain them on a regular basis.
13．He doesn’t have the freedom to choose what he likes，so I have mercy ________ him.
14．I negotiated ________ other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.
15．For some reason，I withdrew ________ a handful of grand clubs and I will never join them again.
16．When he entered the hall，he was greeted by thunderous __________.All the fans __________ excitedly.(applaud)
17．The two ____________ were ____________ to each other’s opinions.(oppose)
18．As a journalist，it’s your duty to ________ the fact and you are responsible for your ________.(cover)
【选词填空】
1．With favorable weather conditions it was a perfect moment to ____________________ from China to Japan.
2．With many good qualities，our monitor is __________ in every aspect.
3．Because of our limited time，I strongly suggest ________ right now to deal with this urgent matter.
4．The Olympic organizers say confidently that matters are well ____________________ and there is nothing to worry about.
5．__________ the swimming competition because of a serious injury made him frustrated.
6．He surfed the Internet with the aim of __________ the relevant information.
【语篇语法填空】
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the 1.________ with some western countries and between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets under the command of Zheng He 2.__________ from the South China Sea.They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa，along the marine channels which had been 3.__________ by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold，silk and spices to the African royal families and 4.__________ trade deals with them.Meanwhile，with advanced weapons in hand，they had mercy on rather than exploited，murdered or arrested the people in other countries，who in turn applauded them.They also 5.__________ many tales that had happened along the way.Although China 6.__________ from further expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
【句型写作】
1．我给你写信是为了和你分享我对如何与父母友好相处的观点。(不定式作目的状语)
_____________________，I am writing to you.
2．急需做出一些改变以适应现在的情况。(There is an urgent need to do...)
________________________ to adapt to the current situations.
3．这次活动的目的是增强我们保护文化遗产的意识。(The aim is to do...)
The aim of the activity is ______________________.
4．上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
Last week，we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture，______________________________________________.
5．我对茶的传统制作过程做了详细的说明以便他们能更好地理解它。(so that引导目的状语从句)
I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail __________.
参考答案：
基础知识排查
【考点突破】
extend
(1)extension；extensive　(2)to　
(3)extending over a period of twenty two weeks；extends by two weeks　
(4)I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers
in hand
(1)hand in hand　(2)in hand　(3)at hand　
(4)by hand　(5)on the other (hand)
mercy
(1)merciful　(2)at　
(3)they showed mercy to/had mercy on/upon the poor
possession
(1)enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of　
(2)only by possessing/being possessed of a good state of mind can you attain success
so that引导目的状语从句
(1)so that/in order that they can have more advantages than disadvantages　
(2)so that Mr Smith let out a cry of anger
There is an urgent need to do sth ...
(1)There is an urgent need to choose a healthy and environmentally friendly way of traveling　
(2)There is no point/sense (in) only mastering theory　
(3)There is no doubt that my good communication skills enable me　
(4)There is a possibility that you achieve your goal
基础自测
【单句语法填空】
1.murderer；murdered　
2.profession；professional　
3.possession；possesses　
4.mixed；mixture　
5.merciful；mercy
6.coverage　
7.murdered　
8.in　
9.mixture　
10.applause
11.extended　
12.of　
13.on/upon　
14.with　
15.from　
16．applause；applauded　
17.opponents；opposed　
18.cover；coverage
【选词填空】
1.set sail　
2.in a league of his own
3.taking action　
4.in hand　
5.Withdrawing from　
6.searching for　
【语篇语法填空】
1．bonds　2.set sail　3.extended　4.negotiated　5.logged　6.withdrew
【句型写作】
1.To share with you my opinions on how to get along well with parents
2．There is an urgent need to make some changes　
3.to raise our awareness of protecting the cultural heritage
4．which turned out to be extremely rewarding　
5.so that they could better understand it