新概念第一册
Lesson 71 He’s awful-Lesson72
单词精讲
parliament ['pɑ:l m nt]n.议会,国会
【释义】:国家的立法机构,由代表们组成,负责制定法律等事务,议会,国会。
【词源】:源自古法语“parlement”,由“parler”(说话)演变而来,表示讨论、商议的地方。
【短语】:parliament building(议会大厦);British Parliament(英国议会);member of parliament(国会议员)。
【例句】:The new law was passed by the parliament.(新法律由议会通过了。)
erect [i'rekt]
【释义】:将建筑物或结构物建造起来,建起;也可表示使直立、竖立。
【其他释义】:作形容词时表示直立的、垂直的。
【词源】:源自古拉丁语“erectus”,是“erigere”的过去分词形式,意为“使升起”。
【短语】:erect a building(建造一座建筑物);erect a monument(竖立一座纪念碑);stand erect(笔直地站着)。
【例句】:They plan to erect a new factory in this area.(他们计划在这个地区建起一个新工厂。)
accurate [' kjur t]
【释义】:非常正确,没有错误,准确的。
【词源】:由“ac - ”(表示加强)+“curate”(小心的)组成,最初表示用心做的,从而引申为准确的。
【短语】:accurate information(准确的信息);be accurate in(在...方面准确);highly accurate(高度准确的)。
【例句】:This watch is very accurate.(这块手表非常准确。)
official [ 'fi l]
【释义】:在政府、组织或机构中担任职务,负责执行任务的人,官员,行政人员;也可作形容词表示官方的、正式的。
【词源】:源自古法语“officiel”,来自拉丁语“officium”(职责、公务)。
【短语】:government official(政府官员);official statement(官方声明);official document(官方文件)。
【例句】:The official is responsible for this project.(这位官员负责这个项目。)
Greenwich ['grinid ]
【释义】:是英国伦敦东南的一个地方,格林威治。它因格林威治子午线(本初子午线)而闻名。
【词源】:可能源于古英语中的某个词汇,具体词源较复杂。
【短语】:Greenwich Mean Time(格林威治标准时间);Greenwich Observatory(格林威治天文台)。
【例句】:Greenwich is an important place for time measurement.(格林威治是时间测量的一个重要地方。)
observatory [ b'z :v t ri]
【释义】:用于观测天文现象(如星星、行星等)或气象现象(如天气状况)的建筑或场所,天文台;也可指观测站。
【词源】:由“observe”(观察)+“ - atory”(表示场所的后缀)组成。
【短语】:astronomical observatory(天文台);meteorological observatory(气象台);observatory tower(观测塔)。
【例句】:The astronomers work in the observatory at night.(天文学家们晚上在天文台工作。)
check [t ek]
【释义】:仔细查看以确保正确、安全等,检查;还有制止、核对等多种含义。
【其他释义】:作名词时表示支票、检查等。
【词源】:源自古法语“eschequier”,最初表示棋盘,后引申为核对、检查(像在棋盘上计算一样)。
【短语】:check in(登记入住;报到);check out(结账离开;检查);check up(检查;核对)。
【例句】:Please check your homework before you hand it in.(在交作业之前请检查一下。)
microphone ['maikr f un]
【释义】:一种将声音转换为电信号的设备,扩音器,麦克风。
【词源】:由“micro - ”(微小的)+“phone”(声音)组成,表示将微小声音放大的设备。
【短语】:wireless microphone(无线麦克风);handheld microphone(手持式麦克风);microphone stand(麦克风架)。
【例句】:The singer held the microphone and started to sing.(歌手拿着麦克风开始唱歌。)
tower ['tau ]
【释义】:一种高大的、通常为垂直的建筑物或结构,塔;也可表示高耸。
【词源】:源自古英语“tūr”。
【短语】:tower building(塔式建筑);clock tower(钟楼);Eiffel Tower(埃菲尔铁塔)。
【例句】:The ancient tower stands on the hill.(古老的塔矗立在山上。)
重点句型
Official, Employee and Shop assistant
official n. 官员,公务员,高级官员
Bank officials get high salaries.
Before he retired, Jeremy had been a government/city official.
employee n. 雇员,雇工(包括各个层次的)
Later he became a government employee.
shop assistant 零售店的店员(美语中用salesclerk)
The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
Hang/Hung and Hang/Hanged
hang(hung,hung) vt. 悬挂
I’m hanging this picture on the wall.
hang(hanged,hanged) vt. 绞死,吊死,上吊
As he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.
I wonder why she hanged herself.
三、课文精讲
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.
the B.B.C. =British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.
the Houses of Parliament 国会大厦(英国议会是由上议院(House of Lords)和下议院(House of Commons)组成)
burn down (使)烧成平地,烧毁
The hospital was burned down last month.
Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.
take one’s name from 以……命名
Sir用于英国人的全名(或名字)之前时表示“爵士”(不单独用于姓之前),如Sir John Gilbert(约翰.吉尔伯特爵士)或Sir John(约翰爵士),但不能称为Sir Gilbert。
be responsible for 对……需负责任/承担责任的
Who is responsible for the accident
John is responsible for the building of the bridge.
-ing形式前面无冠词时可直接跟宾语:making the clock;-ing前有冠词时则其后不能直接跟宾语,而必须用of:the making of the clock。
It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.
be of… 表示人或物的特征
We are of the same age/size.
This letter is of great importance.
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.
go wrong (机器等)发生故障,出毛病
My watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.
Something has gone wrong with my car.
A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
slow down (使……)慢下来/减速(可分开使用)
He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.