新概念第三册
Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies
单词精讲
mutilate v. 使残缺不全
【释义】:严重损坏、破坏或伤害某物(或某人),使其失去完整性、正常形态或功能,造成残缺的状态。
【词源】:源自拉丁语“mutilatus”,是“mutilare”的过去分词,“mutilare”的意思是切断、使残废,可能与原始印欧语中的表示“减少、切断”的词根有关。
【短语】:mutilate a statue(毁坏一尊雕像);be mutilated in the accident(在事故中致残)。
【例句】:The vandals mutilated the painting by cutting it with a knife.(破坏者用刀割这幅画,使其残缺不全。)
chew v. 咀嚼
【释义】:用牙齿咬碎、磨碎食物等,以便于吞咽和消化,也可用于比喻反复思考、玩味(如咀嚼话语、想法等)。
【词源】:源自古英语“ceowan”,其原始意义就是咀嚼。
【短语】:chew on(咀嚼;仔细考虑);chew up(嚼碎;毁坏);chew gum(嚼口香糖)。
【例句】:You should chew your food well before swallowing.(你在吞咽之前应该好好咀嚼食物。)
fiancé n. 未婚夫
【释义】:已与某人订婚的男性,即将成为某人的丈夫。
【词源】:源自法语,通过西班牙语进入英语,最初源于拉丁语“fidere”,表示信任,因为订婚是基于双方的信任关系。
【短语】:meet one's fiancé(与未婚夫见面);fiancé and fiancée(未婚夫和未婚妻)。
【例句】:Her fiancé gave her a beautiful ring.(她的未婚夫给了她一枚漂亮的戒指。)
microwave n. 微波,微波炉
【释义】在物理学中,微波是指频率为300MHz - 300GHz的电磁波。
在日常生活中,微波炉是一种利用微波加热食物的厨房电器。
【词源】:由“micro -”(微小的)和“wave”(波)组成,表示微小的波,即微波;这种电器因使用微波加热而得名微波炉。
【短语】:microwave oven(微波炉);microwave radiation(微波辐射);heat in the microwave(用微波炉加热)。
【例句】:You can quickly heat the pizza in the microwave.(你可以在微波炉里快速加热披萨。)
oven n. 炉灶(尤指烤箱)
【释义】:一种封闭的、用于烤制、烘焙食物的设备,通常通过加热元件(如电热丝、燃气火焰等)来提供热量。
【词源】:源自古英语“ofen”,表示烤炉、炉灶。
【短语】:electric oven(电烤箱);gas oven(燃气烤箱);preheat the oven(预热烤箱)。
【例句】:She baked a cake in the oven.(她在烤箱里烤了一个蛋糕。)
safekeeping n. 妥善保管
【释义】:对物品或人进行安全、可靠的保护和保管,确保其不受损害、丢失或危险。
【词源】:由“safe”(安全的)和“keeping”(保管、保存)组成,表示安全的保管。
【短语】:leave sth. in safekeeping(将某物交予妥善保管);for safekeeping(为了妥善保管)。
【例句】:He put his important documents in the bank for safekeeping.(他把重要文件放在银行妥善保管。)
Newcastle n. 纽卡斯尔(英国港市)
【释义】:是英国的一个重要港市,以其丰富的历史、文化、煤炭产业(过去)和足球文化等而闻名。
【词源】:“Newcastle”字面意思是“新城堡”,由“new”(新的)和“castle”(城堡)组成,可能源于当地有新建的城堡或者是与旧城堡相对应的新的聚居地而得名。
【短语】:Newcastle upon Tyne(泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔);Newcastle United(纽卡斯尔联足球俱乐部)。
【例句】:Newcastle has a long and interesting history.(纽卡斯尔有着悠久而有趣的历史。)
identify v. 鉴别,识别
【释义】:认出、辨认出某人或某物,确定其身份或性质。
将某人或某物视为相同或属于同一类型;与...有认同感。
【词源】:源自拉丁语“identificare”,由“identitas”(相同性、同一性)和“facere”(做)组成,即做出相同性的判断,也就是识别。
【短语】:identify with(与...认同;与...有同感);identify as(识别为;认定为);identify oneself(表明身份)。
【例句】:The police used fingerprints to identify the criminal.(警方利用指纹来识别罪犯。)
spokeswoman n. 女发言人
【释义】:代表一个组织、团体、公司或个人发言的女性,负责向公众传达信息、观点或回应问题等。
【词源】:由“spoke”(说话、发言)和“woman”(女人)组成,表示女性发言人。
【短语】:company spokeswoman(公司女发言人);government spokeswoman(政府女发言人);act as spokeswoman(担任女发言人)。
【例句】:The spokeswoman for the charity organization made an important announcement.(这个慈善组织的女发言人发布了一个重要公告。)
重点语法
(1)less
less表示否定概念
care---careless
(2)ful
表示有,充满了
hopeful---careful
(3)ly
形容词+ly=副词,
quick--quickly
名词+ly=形容词
friend--friendly
(4)ic :
energetic
(5)ish:
childish,womanish
三、课文精讲
1.Mutilated ladies,这是英国银行专门负责识别和鉴定残缺或被毁纸币的小组,其中的 lady是指英国纸币上印的女王头像。
2. Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket 你有没有把裤子塞进洗衣机,然后又想起在裤子的后兜有一张大面值的纸币
a large bank note,面额很大的纸币。
3.When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white 当你把裤子抢救出来时,你有没有发现那张纸币已经变得比白纸还白
(1)rescued: 救援,援助
Hundreds of people went ot rescue the plane crash.
大词小用所起的目的——加强语气
(2)whiter than white,
这是英国有关洗衣粉的电视广告中常用的一句话。这里的意思是纸币上的字迹、图案均被洗掉了,可以译为“比白纸还白”。
4.People who live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)!当英国人犯这种错误时,他们不必感到绝望(而许多国家的人都有这种绝望的感觉)。
(1) despair-n.绝望,失望,令人失望的人(事物) (有道)
He gave up the attempt in despair.
他失望地放弃尝试。
I lost despair when I was about to take a test.
(2)despair vi.绝望
despair of sb/sth/doing sth对...感到绝望,对.. .丧失信心
They despaired of winning the game.
他们不抱比赛得胜的希望。
Never despair of success!
不要丧失(获得成功的)信心。
fall into despair 陷入绝望
in despair绝望地
out of despair出于绝望Desperate
(3)need作为实意动词的用法:
need sb/sth
need to do sth
need doing =need to be done (主动表被动)
The coats need washing=The coats need to be washed.
5.Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies.对英国人来说,值得庆幸的是英国银行有一个残钞鉴别组,
fortunately- -luckily
team: 组织
mutilate v. 毁伤
mutilate a statue破坏一一个雕像
使伤残:使丧失一个肢体或一一个基本的部分;
claim
n.要求,请求权;索赔(claim的复数形式) ;
have a claim on sth对...有要求权
v.要求;主张(claim的第三人称单数形式)
claim for sth要求;因某事索赔
claim to do声称做某事
Fisherman and sailors claim tohave seen mosters in the sea.
He claims to have discovered a new planet.
他声称发现了一 颗新的行星。
6. which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog.负责处理那些把钱塞进机器或塞给狗的人提出的索赔要求。
feed...to...给...喂
The boy was feeding bread to the ducks.
The boy was feeding the ducks with bread.
7.A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.最近的一个案例与简.巴特林有关,她的未婚夫约翰拥有一家生意兴隆的家具店。
(1) concern
vt. 涉及,关系到
an article that concerns the plight of homeless people.
关于无家可归者处境的文章
v.关心,有兴趣的或有重要性的
This problem concerns all of us.
v.参与:集中注意力于...卷入:
We concerned ourselves with accomplishing the task at hand.
我们参与了手边的这项任务
concern oneself about关心,挂念
We are all concerned for [about] her safety.
as/so far as... be concerned关于;至于;就...而言
To whom it may concern致相关人士
(2)run
run a factory,
run a company
8.John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping.有一天约翰的生意很好,他把一只装有3,000 英镑的钱包放进微波炉内保存。
I have a very good day. I have a good time
9.Then he and Jane went horse-riding. 然后,他和简一起去骑马。
go horse-riding go fishing go hunting go shopping
10.Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!可以想像他们发现一只煮得很好看的钱包,钞票已化成灰时的沮丧心情。
(1) 后半句 they found… notes turned to ash中过去分词短语 turned to ash作宾语 notes的补足语,这后半句话可以看成 they found… that notes had been turned to ash。
(2) dismay
n.沮丧,惊慌
The enemy retreated in perfect dismay.
敌人沮丧地退去。
v.使沮丧,使惊慌
He was dismayed at the size of his adversary.
对手的魁伟身材使他丧失了勇气。
(3)beautifully-cooked wallet: 用一种讽刺的口吻
(4)turn,become get,go比较.
become,get: become比get 正式;指人的感情、身体状况、自然或社会的变化。
become ill, get better
go,turn:均可用于颜色变化。turn/go white
go :常用于指负面的go bad, go wrong
turn:也用于天气变化turn cold
11.'So long as there's something to identify, we will give people their money back,' said a spokeswoman for the Bank.“只要有东西可供识别,我们会把钱还给人家的,”银行的一位女发言人说。
so long as: on condition that 表假设,只要
12.'Last year, we paid $1.5m on 21,000 claims.'“去年,我们对21,000 起索赔要求支付了150万英镑。”
pay for: 为...付款
We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary.
pay off 偿还,还清
The couple have already paid their debts off
pay back
(1)把钱归还回去
pay money back
(2)报复、报仇
pay somebody back