新概念第三册 Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb讲义

新概念第三册
Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb
单词精讲
prize adj.珍贵的，宝贵的
【释义】具有很高价值、非常值得珍视的。
【词源】源自拉丁语“pretiosus”，由“pretium”（价格、价值）演变而来，表示有价值的，进而引申为珍贵的、宝贵的。
【短语】prize possession（珍贵的财产）；prize moment（宝贵的时刻）。
【例句】This watch is a prize family heirloom.（这块手表是一件珍贵的传家宝。）
tie（v.拴，系）
【释义】用绳索、带子等将物体连接、固定或捆绑在一起。
【词源】源自古英语“tigan”，有“系、绑”的意思。
【短语】tie up（系紧；捆绑；使无空闲）；tie one's shoelaces（系鞋带）。
【例句】Please tie the dog to the tree.（请把狗拴到树上。）
theft（n.偷盗行为，偷盗案）
【释义】未经允许拿走他人财物的非法行为或此类案件。
【词源】源自古英语“theofth”，直接表示盗窃行为。
【短语】theft prevention（防盗）；commit a theft（实施盗窃行为）。
【例句】There has been a series of thefts in this area.（这个地区发生了一系列盗窃案。）
accuse（v.指控）
【释义】声称某人做了错事、违法之事或应对某事负责。
【词源】源自拉丁语“accusare”，由“ad -”（针对）和“causa”（原因、事情）组成，即针对某事指出某人的责任。
【短语】accuse sb. of sth.（指控某人某事）；be accused（被指控）。
【例句】They accused him of stealing the money.（他们指控他偷了钱。）
deny（v. 否认）
【释义】声明某事不是真实的；拒绝承认或接受。
【词源】源自古法语“denier”，有“拒绝”的意思。
【短语】deny doing sth.（否认做某事）；deny a claim（拒绝一项要求）。
【例句】He denied that he had ever been there.（他否认他曾经去过那里。）
ashamed（adj.感到羞耻，惭愧）
【释义】因为自己的行为、处境或与自己有关的事情而感到不自在、愧疚或耻辱。
【词源】源自古英语“sceamian”，表示感到羞耻。
【短语】be ashamed of（对……感到羞耻）；feel ashamed（感到惭愧）。
【例句】She was ashamed of her bad behavior.（她为自己的不良行为感到羞耻。）
apologize（v.道歉）
【释义】为自己的错误、冒犯等表示歉意。
【词源】源自希腊语“apologia”，最初表示为自己辩护，后来演变为表示道歉。
【短语】apologize to sb.（向某人道歉）；apologize for sth.（为某事道歉）。
【例句】You should apologize to her for your rudeness.（你应该为你的无礼向她道歉。）
dye（v.染）
【释义】使用染料改变物体（如布料、毛发等）的颜色。
【词源】源自古英语“deagian”，有“染色”的意思。
【短语】dye one's hair（染发）；dye a dress（染一件衣服）。
【例句】She decided to dye her hair red.（她决定把头发染成红色。）
二、课文精讲
1.Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece.玛丽与丈夫迪米特里住在希腊南部一个叫波拉考拉的小村庄里。
in the tiny village of...
in the big city of Beijing
in the beautiful city of Paris.
2.One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.玛丽最珍贵的财产之一就是丈夫送给她的一只白色小羔羊。
possession: 所有物
What I possess is valuable.
My possessions are valuable.
3.She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening.白天，玛丽把羔羊拴在地里的一颗树上，每天晚上把它牵回家。
keep: 使……处于某种状态
keep后的复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词、介词短语、分词
keep和过去分词搭配做宾语补足语，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系
宾语补足语和宾语是主谓关系，那么宾语补足语是现在分词结构
I keep my windows closed.
I kept the boy standing outside.
4. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.绳子被人割断，很明显小羔羊是被人偷走了。
It is obvious that...很明显
5. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief.他马上出去找偷羔羊的人。
set out to do sth.: 开始着手做某事
6. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village.他知道在这样一个小村庄里抓住小偷并不困难。
it would not prove difficult, 是不难做到的。
prove是连系动词，作“证明是”讲，本句子与it would not be difficult相同。
7. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb.迪米特里立刻去了阿列科家，气呼呼地指责他偷了羔羊，
accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 作“指责、指控某人做某事”解。
8. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police.告诉他最好把羊交还，否则就去叫警察。
tell sb.about sth.
he had better return it, 他最好把羔羊还给迪米特里。
had better用来表达一种建议，建议在将来某一具体场合采取的动作。这个短语比should和ought to的语气更强烈，常带有威胁、告诫或催促的意思。
had better do had better not do
We had better have lunch.
She had better renew her passport
You'd better not ask so many questions.
We'd better not stay any longer.
The children had better get an early night
I had better consult my solicitor(律师).
9. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard.阿列科并不承认，并把迪米特里领进院子。
denied taking it…,
deny后面可接动名词作宾语，也可接宾语从句。
10.It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.不错，他的确刚买了一只羔羊，阿列科解释说，但他的羔羊是黑色的。
It is true that...,but...
It is true that the work is hard,but we'll finish it ahead.
11. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitriapologized to Aleko for having accused him.迪米特里为自己的鲁莽而感到不好意思，向阿列科道了歉，说是错怪了他。
apologize to sb. for (doing)sth. , 是“因（做）某事向某人道歉”的意思。