新概念第三册
Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots
单词精讲
pioneer n.先驱
【释义】名词时,指的是那些在某个领域中最先探索、创新或做出重要贡献的人或事物。例如,科技领域的先驱者是那些最早开展某项新技术研究或应用的科学家。
【词源】源于古法语“pionnier”,最初表示步兵中的先头部队,这些部队在行军或作战中处于最前端,开辟道路等,后来逐渐引申为各个领域的先驱者。
【短语】“pioneer in”(在……方面的先驱),例如:He is a pioneer in artificial intelligence research.(他是人工智能研究的先驱。)
“young pioneer”(少先队员,常见于特定语境下,如中国的少年先锋队成员)。
【例句】The Wright brothers were pioneers in the field of aviation.(莱特兄弟是航空领域的先驱。)
lord n.对(英国)贵族的尊称;勋爵
【释义】在英国社会体系中,是对贵族的一种尊称,可表示拥有贵族头衔的人,如公爵(duke)、侯爵(marquis)、伯爵(earl)、子爵(viscount)、男爵(baron)等都可被尊称为“lord”;也用于特定的勋爵称呼。
【词源】源自古英语“hlāford”,由“hlāf”(面包)和“weard”(守护者)组成,最初表示家庭或部落中的首领,负责守护食物等资源,后来演变为对贵族等的尊称。
【短语】“Lord of the Manor”(庄园主),例如:The Lord of the Manor had great power in the local area.(庄园主在当地有很大的权力。)
“Lord Mayor”(市长阁下,在某些城市用于称呼市长,特别是有一定历史传统的城市)。
【例句】Lord Henry was invited to the royal banquet.(亨利勋爵被邀请参加皇家宴会。)
Calais n. 加来(法国港市)
【释义】是法国北部的一个重要港市,位于多佛尔海峡(英吉利海峡最窄处)南岸,是重要的交通枢纽和商业港口。
【词源】来源于古法语,具体的词源演变与当地的历史发展和语言变化相关。
【短语】“Calais port”(加来港),例如:Many ships pass through the Calais port every day.(每天有许多船只经过加来港。)
【例句】We took a ferry from Dover to Calais.(我们乘坐渡轮从多佛到加来。)
overland adj. 陆上的
【释义】用来描述与陆地相关的、通过陆地进行的事物或方式。例如“overland journey”(陆上旅行),区别于海上或空中的旅行方式。
【词源】由“over”(在……之上、越过)和“land”(陆地)组成,直接表达了在陆地上的这一概念。
【短语】“overland route”(陆路,陆上路线),例如:They chose the overland route to cross the continent.(他们选择陆路穿越大陆。)
“overland trade”(陆上贸易)。
【例句】The overland transportation of goods is sometimes more cost - effective.(货物的陆上运输有时更具成本效益。)
二、课文精讲
1.In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.1908年,诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑,作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。 the first man who would fly... = the first man to fly across... 序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用可以代替其后的定语从句 eg. She was the only one to survive the plane crash. offer a prize of sth(指某种奖励) to sb 给予某人......奖励 the English Channel, 英吉利海峡 大西洋延伸的部分,长约350英里(约560公里),将英法两国的领土分开。
2.Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。 attempt n.&vt.试图,尝试,其语气比try要强烈
相关词组: (1)in one's attempt eg.She failed in her attempt to swim the channel.她横渡海峡的尝试失败了。 (2)make an attempt on 尝试,试图 eg.He made an attempt on the mountain.他试图翻越那座山。 (3)make an attempt to do 尝试,试图 eg. She made any attempt to run away.她想方设法逃走。 (4)make no attempt没有......企图,尝试 eg. She made an attempt to run away.她没有想逃走。
3.He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea.但他只在海峡上空飞行了7英里,引擎就发生了故障,他只好降落在海面上。 when = at that moment failed:这里意思是: break down,失灵,出故障 fail 失败,忽视; fail to 未能 eg. She failed to win the prize. eg. When l saw him, my words failed me. be forced to do 被迫做......
4.The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.“安特瓦特”号飞机在海上漂浮,后来有船经过,莱瑟姆方才获救。 pick up此处作“(从海里)救起”解;save, rescue
5.Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'.两天之后,路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机来到加来附近。 with a plane: with 具有、带有
6.Latham, however, did not give up easily.但是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。 did not give up easily, 不轻易作罢。 give up当“放弃”讲。
7.It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。 as if引导的从句作起系动词作用的look的表语,其中谓语动词 would be表示与未来的事实不相符的虚拟结构。 eg. lt looked as if there would be a heavy storm.
8.After making a short test flight at 4:15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later.布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作了一次短距离试飞,半小时后便正式出发了。 make a short test flight 作了短暂的试飞后
9.Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again.莱瑟姆一周以后也作了一次尝试,飞到离多佛不到半英里的地方。这次他又遭厄运, got within half a mile of Dover, 到了离多佛不到半英里的地方。 Dover, 多佛港,是英吉利海峡的一个港口,对面是法国港口加来。多佛与加来相距21英里(34公里),是英吉利海峡最窄的部分。
10.Key structures 介词和关系代词搭配连用,当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时,能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面——正式
在非正式问题和口语当中,介词一般要放在从句的末尾
This is the person about whom I was telling you.
Is this the book for which you asked me 决定介词位置的四个因素
1.如果是口语,介词位于句尾,同时关系代词可以省略
2.非正式问题,介词位于从句句尾
3.有些代词+介词,合成词组被看作是不可分隔的语言单位
这个时候介词必须紧跟动词,不可移位
take after account for...
4.在很多情况下,介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语,在句中起着状语作用,与从句的谓语动词毫无关系,而不是谓语动词的一部分,这时介词始终位于关系代词之前
He described it was a very agreeable situation located within two small hills
In the midst of two small hills,flowed a great river. He described it as a very agreeable situations located within tow small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river. Mrs.Ramsay received an anonymous letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands.