2025届高考英语二轮复习：典例分析 专题一 名词学案（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习：典例分析 专题一 名词学案（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 35.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-12-04 17:44:43 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
专题一 名词
典例分析
名词在高考中的高频考点：
名词词义辨析与固定搭配
名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）
名词所有格
抽象名词的具体化
名词和冠词的搭配
解题技巧：
根据语境把握整体
要全面、整体地看题干，注意分析句子成分，根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。
明晰考点，注意搭配
语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是考查名词的词类转换、复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定考点后，再做出正确解答。
单词积累，掌握词缀
注重基础，在复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。
典例剖析：
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】These plants included modern Western ____________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
答案：favourites 解析：考查名词。modern Western是形容词，此处应用名词；favourite是可数名词，应用名词复数。故填favourites。
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】...brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________ (rich) of gardening in England.
答案：richness 解析：考查名词。根据 the 和 of 可知，此处应用名词；rich的名词形式为richness，是不可数名词。故填richness。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】Although they could never have met, there are common ______ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
答案：themes 解析：考查名词。common是形容词，修饰名词；根据there are可知，此处应用名词复数。故填themes。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ________ (visible), said Edmondson...
答案：visibility 解析：考查名词。international是形容词，修饰名词；visible的名词形式为visibility，是不可数名词。故填visibility。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the__________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing...
答案：arrival 解析：考查名词。根据the和of可知，此处应用名词；arrive的名词形式为arrival，是不可数名词。故填arrival。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
答案：interviews 解析：考查名词。此处作动词give的宾语，应用名词；interview是可数名词，应用名词复数。故填interviews。
【2022·新课标Ⅰ卷】The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _________ (population) and homes of giant pandas...
答案：populations 解析：考查名词。separate是形容词，修饰名词；population是可数名词，应用名词复数。故填populations。
【2022·新课标Ⅱ卷】"He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案：son's 解析：考查名词。life和son是所属关系，应用名词所有格。故填son's。
重案突破
一、语法填空
1. After hours of_____ (persuade), they agreed to abandon the risky plan.
2. Your clothes are often a _____ (reflect) of your personality.
3. She appeared in The Cove, a documentary aiming at highlighting the ______ (cruel) of dolphin hunting.
4. With homework and social activities, teenagers in high school have a_____ (tend)to stay up late and rise early.
5. Overall, the results are quite interesting, indicating that language learning can be integrated with personal hobbies and_____ (entertain).
6. After a few years of constantly active______ (reconstruct), many business districts rose from the ashes of the earthquake.
7. Human activities have brought many animals close to______ (extinct).
8. A graduate with independent _____ (judge) is more competitive in the future job market.
9. _____ (expert) in fashion design create new dress styles for ladies every season.
10. We meet twice a week and we’re preparing to attend a __________ (compete).
11. Millions of _____(create) are living on the planet in harmony.
12. Forty of the course _____ (participate) are offered employment with the company.
13. When clicking on the link to the promotional web page, you will find a great _____ (diverse) of the films on show.
14. For primary school students, the _____ (expose) time to computer games should be reduced sharply.
15. We are asked to put great emphasis on the _____ (acquire) of practical skills.
二、单选题
16. The artist’s painting was a powerful __________ of the struggles faced by marginalized communities, sparking conversations about social justice.
A. engagement B. participation C. activism D. representation
17. A UN spokesman said that the mission will carry 20 tons of relief ______, among which include the medicines against flu, malaria and other infectious diseases.
A. prescriptions B. resources C. facilities D. supplies
18. Recently, many universities received the ______ to establish the AI-related majors.
A. approval B. admission C. revolution D. recognition
19. —Jack, the landscape in Kunming in spring is enormously breathtaking.
—Definitely. This city really lives up to its ____________.
A. reputation B. domination C. fascination D. assumption
20. After the explosion from the chemical works, what the local government did first was to find safe places to provide ________ for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. furniture C. equipment D. occupation
21. Increasing ______ to sunlight potentially sets the skin in risk of cancer.
A. campaign B. exposure C. highlight D. alternative
22. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional
_______ .
A. equality B. independence C. competence D. intelligence
23. When choosing a __________ for an event, whether it’s a wedding, corporate conference, or birthday party, the location plays a crucial role in setting the tone and atmosphere.
A. venue B. virtue C. vain D. version
24. —What do you usually do in the afternoon, Mrs. Smith
— My afternoon ______ includes doing some shopping and walking my dogs.
A. appointment B. action C. routine D. reservation
25. —We could go to an Italian or Chinese restaurant tonight. What do you think
—Either one is fine. I don’t have a ________.
A. responsibility B. preference C. companion D. deadline
答案及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：persuasion
解析：考查名词。句意:经过几个小时的劝说,他们同意放弃这个冒险的计划。空处位于介词of之后,应填所给词的名词形式,persuasion"说服,劝说"是抽象名词,不可数。故填persuasion。
2.答案：reflection
解析：考查词性转换。句意: 你的穿着常常会反映出你的个性。此空前面有冠词a, 故用名词形式。
3.答案：cruelty
解析：考查名词。句意：她出演了纪录片《海豚湾》(The Cove)，这是一部旨在强调捕杀海豚的残酷行为的纪录片。空处需填名词cruelty，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填cruelty。
4.答案：tendency
解析：句意为:因为忙于作业及社交活动,高中生有晚睡早起的趋势。设空处作 have 的宾语,其前还有冠词a修饰,应用名词单数。故填tendency。
5.答案：entertainment(s)
解析：句意为:总的来说,结果很有趣,表明语言学习可以与个人爱好和娱乐活动相结合。设空处与hobbies并列作with的宾语,应用名词;entertainment作“娱乐活动”讲时,可作不可数名词,也可作可数名词。故填entertainment(s)。
6.答案：reconstruction
解析：考查名词。句意:经过几年不断的积极重建,许多商业区在地震的废城上崛起。由设空处前的介词of 和形容词active可知,设空处应用名词;由句意可知设空处表示“重建”,故填 reconstruction。
7.答案：extinction
解析：考查名词。句意：人类活动使许多动物濒临灭绝。分析句子可知，设空处接在介词to后作宾语，应用extinct的名词形式extinction，不可数名词，故填extinction。
8.答案：judgement
解析：句意为:一个有独立判断力的毕业生在未来的就业市场上更有竞争力。设空处作介词with的宾语,其前有independent修饰,应用名词,judgement在此处意为“判断力”,为不可数名词。
9.答案：Experts
解析：句意为:时装设计方面的专家每个季节都为女士们设计新的服装样式。设空处作主语,意为“专家”,应用名词,根据谓语动词 create可知,应用复数形式。
10.答案：competition
解析：考查名词。句意：我们每周开会两次，准备参加比赛。结合不定冠词a，用单数名词competition (比赛)作宾语。故填competition。
11.答案：creatures
解析：句意为:数百万的生物和谐地生活在地球上。根据Millions of 和句意可知,设空处应用名词复数形式,意为“生物;动物”。
12.答案： participants
解析：句意为:有四十名参加课程的学员被公司录用。Forty of the course为句子的主语,空前有表示部分概念的数词和定冠词修饰,course为名词作定语,结合句意可知,此处应填名词participant,表示“参与者”,且应用复数形式。
13.答案： diversity
解析：句意为:当你点击链接进入宣传页面,你会找到非常多的上映影片。a great diversity of...意为“各种各样的”。
14.答案：exposure
解析：句意为:对于小学生而言,他们玩电脑游戏的时间应被大幅缩短。设空处应用名词,作定语,修饰名词time,用来说明后一名词的种类或类别。
15.答案：acquisition
解析：句意为:我们被要求高度重视实际技能的获得。根据设空处前的定冠词the 和后面的介词of可知,此处应用acquire的名词形式,作介词on的宾语。故填acquisition,在此处表示“获得”,为不可数名词。
二、单选题
16.答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位艺术家的画作有力地反映了边缘化群体所面临的斗争，引发了关于社会正义的讨论。A. engagement约会；B. participation参加；C. activism激进主义；D. representation呈现，反映。根据句意可知，此处为名词representation“呈现，反映”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
17.答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名联合国发言人表示，该使团将携带20吨救援物资，其中包括抗流感、疟疾和其他传染病的药物。A. prescriptions处方；B. resources资源；C. facilities设备；D. supplies物资。根据句意可知，此处为名词supplies“物资”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
18.答案：A
解析：A.approval批准;B.admission承认;C.revolution革命;D.recognition承认，接受。根据句意"最近，许多大学获准设立人工智能相关专业。"可知，空处表示"获准"。故选:A。
19.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：——Jack，昆明春天的景色非常壮观。——当然了，这座城市的确名副其实。A. reputation名声；B. domination统治；C. fascination魅力；D. assumption假设。根据句意，Jack在回应昆明春天景色的壮观，因此需要一个词来表示昆明因其美景而享有的名声。live up to the reputation是个固定搭配，意思是“名副其实”，符合题意，故选A项。
20.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在化工厂爆炸后，当地政府首先做的是找到安全的地方为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。A. accommodation住宿；B. furniture家具；C. equipment设备；D. occupation职业。根据“After the explosion from the chemical works”及“for the homeless families”可知，政府为无家可归的人提供住宿。故选A。
21.答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:增加阳光照射可能会增加皮肤患癌症的风险。A. campaign运动;活动;B. exposure接触;暴露;C. highlight强调;最好的部分;D. alternative可供选择的事物。由to sunlight potentially sets the skin in risk of cancer.可知皮肤患癌症的风险可能会增加的原因是过多地暴露在阳光下，B项exposer(接触;暴露)符合句意，故选B项。
22.答案：C
解析：这道题考察词义辨析.consequence是“结果,后果”;independence是“独立,自主”;competence是“能力,竞争力”;intelligence是“智力,理解力”.根据句意,正确答案为C。
23.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是婚礼、公司会议还是生日派对，在选择活动场地时，地点在确定基调和氛围方面起着至关重要的作用。A. venue发生地点，活动场所；B. virtue美德，优点；C. vain徒劳的，虚荣的；D. version（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本，改编形式。根据后文“whether it’s a wedding, corporate conference, or birthday party(无论是婚礼、公司会议还是生日派对)”可推知，此处指选择活动场所。故选A项。
24.答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mrs. Smith，你通常下午干什么 我下午的日常行为包括购物和遛狗。A. appointment约会；B. action行动；C .routine日常行为；D. reservation预订，预约。根据上文"What do you usually do in the afternoon" 可知应是问日常做什么，故选C。
25.答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：——我们今晚可以去意大利或中国餐馆。你觉得呢 ——哪一个都可以。我没有偏好。A. responsibility责任B. preference偏好C. companion陪同D. deadline 最后期限。根据“Either one is fine”可知，哪个都行，没有明显偏好。故选B。
典例分析
名词在高考中的高频考点：
名词词义辨析与固定搭配
名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）
名词所有格
抽象名词的具体化
名词和冠词的搭配
解题技巧：
根据语境把握整体
要全面、整体地看题干，注意分析句子成分，根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。
明晰考点，注意搭配
语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是考查名词的词类转换、复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定考点后，再做出正确解答。
单词积累，掌握词缀
注重基础，在复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。
典例剖析：
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】These plants included modern Western ____________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
答案：favourites 解析：考查名词。modern Western是形容词，此处应用名词；favourite是可数名词，应用名词复数。故填favourites。
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】...brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________ (rich) of gardening in England.
答案：richness 解析：考查名词。根据 the 和 of 可知，此处应用名词；rich的名词形式为richness，是不可数名词。故填richness。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】Although they could never have met, there are common ______ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
答案：themes 解析：考查名词。common是形容词，修饰名词；根据there are可知，此处应用名词复数。故填themes。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ________ (visible), said Edmondson...
答案：visibility 解析：考查名词。international是形容词，修饰名词；visible的名词形式为visibility，是不可数名词。故填visibility。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the__________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing...
答案：arrival 解析：考查名词。根据the和of可知，此处应用名词；arrive的名词形式为arrival，是不可数名词。故填arrival。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
答案：interviews 解析：考查名词。此处作动词give的宾语，应用名词；interview是可数名词，应用名词复数。故填interviews。
【2022·新课标Ⅰ卷】The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _________ (population) and homes of giant pandas...
答案：populations 解析：考查名词。separate是形容词，修饰名词；population是可数名词，应用名词复数。故填populations。
【2022·新课标Ⅱ卷】"He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案：son's 解析：考查名词。life和son是所属关系，应用名词所有格。故填son's。
重案突破
一、语法填空
1. After hours of_____ (persuade), they agreed to abandon the risky plan.
2. Your clothes are often a _____ (reflect) of your personality.
3. She appeared in The Cove, a documentary aiming at highlighting the ______ (cruel) of dolphin hunting.
4. With homework and social activities, teenagers in high school have a_____ (tend)to stay up late and rise early.
5. Overall, the results are quite interesting, indicating that language learning can be integrated with personal hobbies and_____ (entertain).
6. After a few years of constantly active______ (reconstruct), many business districts rose from the ashes of the earthquake.
7. Human activities have brought many animals close to______ (extinct).
8. A graduate with independent _____ (judge) is more competitive in the future job market.
9. _____ (expert) in fashion design create new dress styles for ladies every season.
10. We meet twice a week and we’re preparing to attend a __________ (compete).
11. Millions of _____(create) are living on the planet in harmony.
12. Forty of the course _____ (participate) are offered employment with the company.
13. When clicking on the link to the promotional web page, you will find a great _____ (diverse) of the films on show.
14. For primary school students, the _____ (expose) time to computer games should be reduced sharply.
15. We are asked to put great emphasis on the _____ (acquire) of practical skills.
二、单选题
16. The artist’s painting was a powerful __________ of the struggles faced by marginalized communities, sparking conversations about social justice.
A. engagement B. participation C. activism D. representation
17. A UN spokesman said that the mission will carry 20 tons of relief ______, among which include the medicines against flu, malaria and other infectious diseases.
A. prescriptions B. resources C. facilities D. supplies
18. Recently, many universities received the ______ to establish the AI-related majors.
A. approval B. admission C. revolution D. recognition
19. —Jack, the landscape in Kunming in spring is enormously breathtaking.
—Definitely. This city really lives up to its ____________.
A. reputation B. domination C. fascination D. assumption
20. After the explosion from the chemical works, what the local government did first was to find safe places to provide ________ for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. furniture C. equipment D. occupation
21. Increasing ______ to sunlight potentially sets the skin in risk of cancer.
A. campaign B. exposure C. highlight D. alternative
22. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional
_______ .
A. equality B. independence C. competence D. intelligence
23. When choosing a __________ for an event, whether it’s a wedding, corporate conference, or birthday party, the location plays a crucial role in setting the tone and atmosphere.
A. venue B. virtue C. vain D. version
24. —What do you usually do in the afternoon, Mrs. Smith
— My afternoon ______ includes doing some shopping and walking my dogs.
A. appointment B. action C. routine D. reservation
25. —We could go to an Italian or Chinese restaurant tonight. What do you think
—Either one is fine. I don’t have a ________.
A. responsibility B. preference C. companion D. deadline
答案及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：persuasion
解析：考查名词。句意:经过几个小时的劝说,他们同意放弃这个冒险的计划。空处位于介词of之后,应填所给词的名词形式,persuasion"说服,劝说"是抽象名词,不可数。故填persuasion。
2.答案：reflection
解析：考查词性转换。句意: 你的穿着常常会反映出你的个性。此空前面有冠词a, 故用名词形式。
3.答案：cruelty
解析：考查名词。句意：她出演了纪录片《海豚湾》(The Cove)，这是一部旨在强调捕杀海豚的残酷行为的纪录片。空处需填名词cruelty，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填cruelty。
4.答案：tendency
解析：句意为:因为忙于作业及社交活动,高中生有晚睡早起的趋势。设空处作 have 的宾语,其前还有冠词a修饰,应用名词单数。故填tendency。
5.答案：entertainment(s)
解析：句意为:总的来说,结果很有趣,表明语言学习可以与个人爱好和娱乐活动相结合。设空处与hobbies并列作with的宾语,应用名词;entertainment作“娱乐活动”讲时,可作不可数名词,也可作可数名词。故填entertainment(s)。
6.答案：reconstruction
解析：考查名词。句意:经过几年不断的积极重建,许多商业区在地震的废城上崛起。由设空处前的介词of 和形容词active可知,设空处应用名词;由句意可知设空处表示“重建”,故填 reconstruction。
7.答案：extinction
解析：考查名词。句意：人类活动使许多动物濒临灭绝。分析句子可知，设空处接在介词to后作宾语，应用extinct的名词形式extinction，不可数名词，故填extinction。
8.答案：judgement
解析：句意为:一个有独立判断力的毕业生在未来的就业市场上更有竞争力。设空处作介词with的宾语,其前有independent修饰,应用名词,judgement在此处意为“判断力”,为不可数名词。
9.答案：Experts
解析：句意为:时装设计方面的专家每个季节都为女士们设计新的服装样式。设空处作主语,意为“专家”,应用名词,根据谓语动词 create可知,应用复数形式。
10.答案：competition
解析：考查名词。句意：我们每周开会两次，准备参加比赛。结合不定冠词a，用单数名词competition (比赛)作宾语。故填competition。
11.答案：creatures
解析：句意为:数百万的生物和谐地生活在地球上。根据Millions of 和句意可知,设空处应用名词复数形式,意为“生物;动物”。
12.答案： participants
解析：句意为:有四十名参加课程的学员被公司录用。Forty of the course为句子的主语,空前有表示部分概念的数词和定冠词修饰,course为名词作定语,结合句意可知,此处应填名词participant,表示“参与者”,且应用复数形式。
13.答案： diversity
解析：句意为:当你点击链接进入宣传页面,你会找到非常多的上映影片。a great diversity of...意为“各种各样的”。
14.答案：exposure
解析：句意为:对于小学生而言,他们玩电脑游戏的时间应被大幅缩短。设空处应用名词,作定语,修饰名词time,用来说明后一名词的种类或类别。
15.答案：acquisition
解析：句意为:我们被要求高度重视实际技能的获得。根据设空处前的定冠词the 和后面的介词of可知,此处应用acquire的名词形式,作介词on的宾语。故填acquisition,在此处表示“获得”,为不可数名词。
二、单选题
16.答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位艺术家的画作有力地反映了边缘化群体所面临的斗争，引发了关于社会正义的讨论。A. engagement约会；B. participation参加；C. activism激进主义；D. representation呈现，反映。根据句意可知，此处为名词representation“呈现，反映”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
17.答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名联合国发言人表示，该使团将携带20吨救援物资，其中包括抗流感、疟疾和其他传染病的药物。A. prescriptions处方；B. resources资源；C. facilities设备；D. supplies物资。根据句意可知，此处为名词supplies“物资”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
18.答案：A
解析：A.approval批准;B.admission承认;C.revolution革命;D.recognition承认，接受。根据句意"最近，许多大学获准设立人工智能相关专业。"可知，空处表示"获准"。故选:A。
19.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：——Jack，昆明春天的景色非常壮观。——当然了，这座城市的确名副其实。A. reputation名声；B. domination统治；C. fascination魅力；D. assumption假设。根据句意，Jack在回应昆明春天景色的壮观，因此需要一个词来表示昆明因其美景而享有的名声。live up to the reputation是个固定搭配，意思是“名副其实”，符合题意，故选A项。
20.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在化工厂爆炸后，当地政府首先做的是找到安全的地方为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。A. accommodation住宿；B. furniture家具；C. equipment设备；D. occupation职业。根据“After the explosion from the chemical works”及“for the homeless families”可知，政府为无家可归的人提供住宿。故选A。
21.答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:增加阳光照射可能会增加皮肤患癌症的风险。A. campaign运动;活动;B. exposure接触;暴露;C. highlight强调;最好的部分;D. alternative可供选择的事物。由to sunlight potentially sets the skin in risk of cancer.可知皮肤患癌症的风险可能会增加的原因是过多地暴露在阳光下，B项exposer(接触;暴露)符合句意，故选B项。
22.答案：C
解析：这道题考察词义辨析.consequence是“结果,后果”;independence是“独立,自主”;competence是“能力,竞争力”;intelligence是“智力,理解力”.根据句意,正确答案为C。
23.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是婚礼、公司会议还是生日派对，在选择活动场地时，地点在确定基调和氛围方面起着至关重要的作用。A. venue发生地点，活动场所；B. virtue美德，优点；C. vain徒劳的，虚荣的；D. version（电影、剧本、乐曲等的）版本，改编形式。根据后文“whether it’s a wedding, corporate conference, or birthday party(无论是婚礼、公司会议还是生日派对)”可推知，此处指选择活动场所。故选A项。
24.答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mrs. Smith，你通常下午干什么 我下午的日常行为包括购物和遛狗。A. appointment约会；B. action行动；C .routine日常行为；D. reservation预订，预约。根据上文"What do you usually do in the afternoon" 可知应是问日常做什么，故选C。
25.答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：——我们今晚可以去意大利或中国餐馆。你觉得呢 ——哪一个都可以。我没有偏好。A. responsibility责任B. preference偏好C. companion陪同D. deadline 最后期限。根据“Either one is fine”可知，哪个都行，没有明显偏好。故选B。