(共28张PPT)
板块四 代词、数词、冠词和介词
代词和数词
2025年高考英语专题复习
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of _____ (they) contents.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
their
its
考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____ (I).
4.(2021·浙江6月卷)It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ______ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
mine
herself
代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。
分类 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称 代词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they
宾格 me you him, her, it us you them
分类 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
物主 代词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their
名词性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself,herself,itself ourselves yourselves themselves
1.all, both, either, any, none, neither
The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
以这个调查为基础,研究小组做了两份报告,但是两者都不包含任何有用的建议。
情况 都 任何一个 都不 部分否定
两者 both either neither=not either both和not连用
三者或三者以上 all any none=not any all和not连用
考点二 不定代词
2.none, nothing, no one/nobody
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.
尼基点子总是很多,但是据我所知,没有一个是有用的。
代词 用法
none none既指人也指物,后面可接of短语,一般用来回答how many, how much 和which的提问
nothing nothing只指物,后面不能接of短语,用来回答what的提问
no one/nobody no one和nobody只指人不指物,其后不接of短语,一般回答who的提问
全部否定和部分否定
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing, not... any/either以及“no+名词”都表示全部否定。
(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“every+名词”与not 连用时,表示部分否定。
All the students are not interested in this activity.
=Not all the students are interested in this activity.
并不是所有的学生都对这个活动感兴趣。
3.other, the other, another, others, the others
To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.
为了暖和自己,那个水手坐在火堆前,光着脚丫互相摩擦。
代词 用法
other 可用作定语,意思为“别的,其他的”
the other the other指两个人或物中的“另一个”,常与one连用,构成“one... the other...”(一个……另一个……)
another 单独使用,泛指三者或三者以上的人或其中的“另一个”,代替单数可数名词。常与one连用,构成“one... another...”泛指“一个……另一个……”
Others others泛指“其余的人或物”,相当于“other+可数名词复数”,不能作定语,常构成“some... others...”
the others the others特指“其余的所有人或物”,相当于“the other+可数名词复数”
1.it指代前面提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象,还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
由于当地政府的努力,大城市的就业率不断上升。
考点三 it的用法
替代词(it, that, one)的用法区别:
(1)it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物,即同名同物。
(2)that替代上文出现的“the+不可数名词或单数可数名词”,表示特指同类事物中的一个,即同名异物。其复数形式为those。
(3)one替代上文出现的“a/an+单数可数名词”,表示泛指同类事物中的一个。the one表示特指。其复数形式为ones。
2.it用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词-ing形式、不定式充当。
It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
对学生们来说,非常明显的是,他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。
3.表示喜欢、恨等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等;另外,有些“动词+介词”结构,如depend on, see to等后接it,再接宾语从句。
I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.
如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激的。
You may depend on it that they will support you.
你放心好了,他们会支持你的。
4.含有it的常考短语或句型:
(1)believe it or not 信不信由你
make it 成功,做到,约定时间
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
When it comes to... 当涉及/谈到……
It depends. 视情况而定。
Take it easy. 别着急。
(2)It’s (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。
It’s the first/second/... time that sb. have/has done sth.
It was the first/second... time that sb. had done sth.
是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。
It is/has been... since... 自从……多久了。
It will be/was... before... 要过……时间才……
It is/was+时间点+when... 当……时候,时间是……
It is high time that we took/should take measures to protect the wild animals.
是我们采取措施保护野生动物的时候了。
It will be half a year before I come back.
半年之后我才回来。
(3)It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the _____ (six) century B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow.
2.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I’ve always loved the ocean. In the _________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
sixth
seventh
考点四 数词
一、基数词
1.常用基数词表
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
one eleven thirty
two twelve forty
three thirteen fifty
four fourteen sixty
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
five fifteen seventy
six sixteen eighty
seven seventeen ninety
eight eighteen hundred
nine nineteen thousand
ten twenty million/billion
2. 使用基数词的几点注意事项
(1)one and a half后的名词用复数形式,谓语动词一般用单数形式,不过事实上也可用复数形式。
(2)①当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如several billion years。
②表示概数时,用ten, hundred, thousand, billion的复数形式加of,后面接复数名词。如thousands of lakes and forests。
(3)表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.’s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如in his fifties。
(4)表示世纪年代
表示“在……世纪……年代”时在数字后加-’s 或-s。
the early 1920s/1920’s
the early twenties
the mid-eighties
二、序数词
1.常用序数词表
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
first eleventh thirtieth
second twelfth fortieth
third thirteenth fiftieth
fourth fourteenth sixtieth
fifth fifteenth seventieth
sixth sixteenth eightieth
seventh seventeenth ninetieth
eighth eighteenth hundredth
ninth nineteenth thousandth
tenth twentieth millionth/billionth
21及以上的多位基数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如:21st→twenty-first; 22nd→twenty-second; 33rd→thirty-third; 100th→one hundredth。
2.序数词前冠词的使用
(1)序数词前一般要加定冠词the。
January is the first month in the solar calendar.
一月是阳历中的第一个月。
(2)序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。
You’d better try a second time.
你最好再试一次。
(3)序数词用作副词时,不用冠词。
First come, first served.
先到先得。
(4)序数词之前已有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时,不再用定冠词。
I’ll never forget that first lesson taught by Mr Wang.
我将不会忘记王老师教的第一堂课。
(5)序数词用在由“序数词+名词”构成的形容词中时,不一定用定冠词。
There is a first-class hotel over there.
那边有一家一流的宾馆。
三、分数和百分数
1.分数的表示法
(1)分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用复数。
分数特殊表示法:
a/one half; a/one quarter
three quarters; 2 two and a quarter
1 one and a half; 2 two and three fifths
三分之一既可说one third,也可说a third。
(2)分子与分母之间加in/out of,分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。如one in/out of ten十分之一。
2.百分数的表示法
表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可。如twenty percent百分之二十。
分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词,而用以下形式:分数/百分数+of+冠词/限定词+名词/代词,其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
三分之二的书是关于科学的。
Only 30 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只完成了百分之三十的工作。
THANKS